An observational study in Anterior Shoulder Dislocation, Shoulder Dislocation Closed Traumatic and First Time Shoulder Dislocation, sponsored by Oslo University Hospital. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Norway. Open to participants aged 16 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-20.
Sponsored by Oslo University Hospital · Observational
The goal of this prospective observational cohort study is to provide epidemiological and prognostic data from a defined urban population and to improve understanding of risk factors and long-term outcomes following first-time anterior shoulder dislocation in patients aged 16 years and older presenting to the Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic.
The main questions the study aims to answer are:
Participants will:
Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation is a common injury, particularly among young and active individuals. Recurrence after a first-time anterior dislocation is frequent and varies substantially depending on age, activity level, and structural injury. Established risk factors include young age, male sex, hyperlaxity, participation in contact or overhead sports and concomitant bony or soft tissue injury. Despite the high recurrence risk in selected patient groups, most first-time dislocators are treated non-operatively in current Norwegian practice.
Subtle bony defects may be underdiagnosed on plain radiographs. Approximately one-third of patients sustain a bony Bankart lesion, and more than 70% present with a Hill-Sachs lesion. The size and location of the Hill-Sachs lesion, as well as its on-track/off-track classification, have implications for treatment strategy. CT with three-dimensional reconstruction is considered the most reliable method for assessing glenoid and humeral bone loss, while MRI enables detailed evaluation of associated soft tissue injuries, including labral and capsuloligamentous lesions.
The SALTO study is a prospective observational cohort including all eligible patients aged ≥16 years presenting with first-time anterior shoulder dislocation at a defined urban emergency clinic. The study will systematically assess bone loss using CT and characterize soft tissue injuries using MRI. Patients will be followed longitudinally with clinical data and patient-reported outcome measures to evaluate recurrence, shoulder function, and long-term shoulder function.
By correlating imaging findings with recurrent instability and long-term outcomes, the study aims to improve risk stratification after first-time anterior shoulder dislocation and identify patients who may benefit from early surgical intervention.
Oslo University Hospital is the lead sponsor of 834 studies on the registry; 149 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
All eligible patients presenting with first-time anterior shoulder dislocation at Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic (Oslo University Hospital, OUS) during the inclusion period will be asked to participate.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
All eligible patients presenting with first-time anterior shoulder dislocation at Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic (Oslo University Hospital, OUS) during the inclusion period will be asked to participate and followed longitudinally.
Epidemiology of first time shoulder dislocations in Oslo, Norway
Incidence of first-time anterior shoulder dislocations in the Oslo region and prevalence of bipolar bone loss and soft tissue injuries assessed by CT and MRI
Time frame: From enrollment through completion of inclusion, an average of 2 years
Prevalence of bipolar bone loss assessed by CT
Presence and extent of bipolar bone loss (glenoid bone loss and Hill-Sachs lesion) assessed using computed tomography (CT)
Time frame: Baseline
Prevalence of soft tissue injury assessed by MRI
Presence of soft tissue injuries (e.g., Bankart lesion, ALPSA lesion, HAGL lesion, SLAP lesion, rotator cuff injury) assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Time frame: Baseline
Recurrence of instability after first time shoulder dislocation
Prevalence of recurrent instability after first time shoulder dislocation, defined as glenohumeral redislocation requiring reduction. To identify clinical, demographic, and imaging-related risk factors, especially bipolar bone loss, for recurrent instability.
Time frame: From enrollment, data analysis and questionnaire after 3 and 12 months, 2, 5 and 10 years
Patient reported outcomes and shoulder function (WOSI)
Patient-reported shoulder function measured using the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) score. The WOSI score ranges from 0 to 2100, where lower scores indicate better shoulder function and quality of life. Scores may be converted to a percentage scale ranging from 0-100%, where higher scores indicate better shoulder function and quality of life.
Time frame: 3 months, 1 year, 2 year, 5 year and 10 years after first time shoulder dislocation
Glenohumeral osteoarthritis after first time shoulder dislocation
To evaluate radiographic signs of glenohumeral osteoarthritis at 10-year follow-up and examine their association with recurrence and baseline bone loss
Time frame: 10 years after first time shoulder dislocation
Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L)
Health-related quality of life measured using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Responses from the five dimensions will be converted into an EQ-5D-5L index score using the Norwegian value set. The index score ranges from less than 0 (health states worse than death) to 1 (perfect health), where higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life.
Time frame: 3 months, 1, 2, 5 years and 10 years
Shoulder pain intensity
Shoulder pain intensity measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
Time frame: 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, 5 years and 10 years
Shoulder function (Rowe Score)
To measure general shoulder function included pain, stability, range and function using the Rowe Score, ranging from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better shoulder stability and function.
Time frame: 3 months and 10 years
Return to sport
Return to sport after first-time shoulder dislocation assessed using a patient questionnaire evaluating whether the participant has returned to sport and at what level compared with pre-injury activity.
Time frame: 3 months, 1 year, 2, 5 years and 10 years
EQ-VAS
EQ-VAS is a self-reported health status measured using the EQ-5D visual analogue scale ranging from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health).
Time frame: 3 months, 1,2,5 and 10 years
Plan to share: Undecided — Individual participant data are stored in a secure research database (TSD, University of Oslo) containing sensitive health information. De-identified data may be considered for sharing with other researchers upon reasonable request and subject to approval by the data protection authorities and the study investigators.
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Mar 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Bankart Lesions