ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT07482930taVNS-SPIROUpdated Mar 19, 2026

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Spirometry: Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial

An interventional study of Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and Sham transcutaneous auricular stimulation in Vagus Nerve Stimulations, Spirometry and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Functioning and Mood State, sponsored by SEFA HAKTAN HATIK. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 40 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-19.

Sponsored by SEFA HAKTAN HATIK · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Apr 2026, 6 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
  • Started Mar 2026; still recruiting 7 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
50
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 40 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study will examine the short-term effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (a non-invasive electrical stimulation delivered through the outer ear) on lung function measured by spirometry in healthy adults. The vagus nerve is involved in many automatic body functions, and ear-based stimulation has been used in research to explore its possible effects on different physiological systems. However, it is not clear whether a brief stimulation session can acutely influence breathing test results in people without respiratory disease.

Healthy volunteers aged 18-40 will take part in one laboratory visit. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) active bilateral stimulation applied to specific ear regions that are known to be innervated by the vagus nerve, or (2) sham stimulation using the same device setup but designed to minimize vagal activation. The stimulation session will last approximately 10 minutes. Before and after the stimulation, participants will perform standard spirometry (breathing) tests. Primary spirometric outcomes will include common measures of lung function such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure may also be recorded to monitor physiological responses and safety during the visit.

Participation is voluntary and participants may withdraw at any time. The procedure is considered minimal risk. Possible side effects are usually mild and temporary, such as tingling, warmth, or mild discomfort at the ear. Rarely, participants may feel lightheaded; if this occurs, the procedure will be stopped and the participant will be monitored until symptoms resolve. There is no guaranteed direct benefit to participants. The results may help clarify whether short-term ear-based vagus nerve stimulation can influence spirometric parameters and may inform future studies on autonomic and respiratory interactions.

Read the detailed description

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation approach delivered through the external ear. The auricular branch of the vagus nerve provides an accessible peripheral route that may influence autonomic regulation and, through autonomic-respiratory interactions, potentially affect respiratory function. Although taVNS has been investigated across several physiological domains, evidence regarding its acute effects on spirometric outcomes in healthy individuals remains limited. This study is designed to evaluate whether a single, brief session of bilateral taVNS produces measurable short-term changes in standard spirometric parameters compared with a sham procedure.

This is a sham-controlled, randomized, single-blind, parallel-group trial conducted in healthy volunteers. Participants are allocated to either active bilateral taVNS or sham stimulation using a predefined randomization procedure and concealed assignment. To minimize expectancy effects, participants are blinded to group allocation, and active and sham procedures use the same device appearance and session structure. Active stimulation is delivered via electrodes positioned on auricular regions targeted for vagal innervation, whereas sham stimulation uses an alternative placement intended to minimize vagal activation while maintaining a similar sensory experience. Stimulation parameters are standardized across participants, with intensity individually titrated to a clearly perceptible but non-painful level.

The primary outcomes are acute pre-to-post changes in spirometric measures obtained using standardized spirometry procedures. Key spirometric endpoints include forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Secondary physiological measures may include heart rate, heart rate variability indices, and blood pressure to characterize autonomic and hemodynamic responses and to support safety monitoring during the session. All measurements are collected within the same visit, with spirometry performed immediately before and after the stimulation procedure following consistent instructions and quality criteria.

Data analysis will focus on between-group comparisons of change scores (post minus pre) for spirometric outcomes. Depending on distributional assumptions, analyses will use appropriate parametric or non-parametric methods; when relevant, models adjusting for baseline values will be applied (e.g., ANCOVA with baseline spirometry as a covariate). Effect sizes and confidence intervals will be reported to support interpretability. Safety will be monitored throughout the visit; stimulation will be discontinued if a participant experiences significant discomfort or requests stopping.

The study involves minimal risk. Expected adverse effects are transient and mild (e.g., localized tingling or mild discomfort at the ear). Rarely, lightheadedness may occur; participants will be monitored and the procedure stopped if necessary. Data will be stored in a coded/de-identified format and reported at the group level.

02

Conditions studied

  • Vagus Nerve Stimulations
  • Spirometry
  • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Functioning and Mood State
  • Blood Pressure Monitoring
  • Respiratory Function Tests

Keywords

  • transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation
  • spirometry
  • autonomic nervous system
  • sham stimulation
  • pulmonary function test
  • blood pressure
03

In context

Lead sponsor

SEFA HAKTAN HATIK is the lead sponsor of 14 studies on the registry; 8 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 40 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Aged 18-40 years.
  • Healthy volunteers.
  • Able to perform spirometry and follow study instructions.
  • Provided written .

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any cardiovascular disease, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, or related condition.
  • Any neurological disorder (e.g., diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy).
  • Any diagnosed psychiatric disorder.
  • Any respiratory disease (e.g., asthma, ).
  • Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy.
  • Ear conditions that prevent stimulation (infection, open wound, pain/tenderness) or presence of a piercing at/near the stimulation site.
  • Vigorous exercise within 24 hours prior to measurement.
  • Caffeine intake, smoking, or alcohol consumption within 4-6 hours prior to measurement.
  • Marked intolerance or to the device or the procedure.
  • Inability to follow instructions during measurements or refusal to complete the session.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(3)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long-term lung disease that makes it hard to breathe out, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
50 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Active bilateral auricular vagus nerve stimulation

    Participants receive active bilateral transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation using an external stimulator. Electrodes are placed on auricular regions targeted for vagal innervation (bilaterally). Stimulation is applied for approximately 10 minutes with standardized parameters and individually adjusted intensity to a clearly perceptible but non-painful level. Spirometry (e.g., FVC, FEV1, PEF) is performed before and after the session; heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure may also be recorded.

    Device: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation

  • Sham comparator
    Sham auricular stimulation (control)

    Participants receive sham stimulation using the same device appearance and session structure. Electrodes are placed on an ear location intended to minimize vagal activation (e.g., ear lobule), and stimulation is delivered at a minimal/low level to mimic sensation without therapeutic stimulation. The same pre- and post-session spirometry and physiological measurements are collected as in the active arm.

    Device: Sham transcutaneous auricular stimulation

Interventions

  • DeviceTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation

    Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation is delivered bilaterally using an external stimulator with electrodes placed on auricular regions targeted for vagal innervation (e.g., cymba conchae). Stimulation is applied for approximately 10 minutes. Parameters are standardized (e.g., 25 Hz; pulse width 200-300 microseconds), and current intensity is individually adjusted to a clearly perceptible but non-painful level. The procedure is performed in a single visit with pre- and post-intervention spirometry and physiological monitoring as specified in the protocol.

  • DeviceSham transcutaneous auricular stimulation

    Sham stimulation uses the same device, setup, and session duration to mimic the active procedure. Electrodes are placed on an ear location intended to minimize vagal activation (e.g., ear lobule), and stimulation is delivered at a minimal/low level to provide a similar sensation without therapeutic vagal stimulation. Pre- and post-session spirometry and other measurements are collected identically to the active arm.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)

    Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), reported in liters (L), will be measured immediately before and immediately after the intervention. The outcome will be defined as the pre-to-post change (post minus pre), and between-group differences in change between active stimulation and sham control will be evaluated.\[FVC\], and peak expiratory flow \[PEF\]) will be measured immediately before and immediately after the intervention. The primary endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  2. Change in forced vital capacity (FVC)

    Forced vital capacity (FVC), reported in liters (L), will be measured immediately before and immediately after the intervention. The outcome will be defined as the pre-to-post change (post minus pre), and between-group differences in change between active stimulation and sham control will be evaluated.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  3. Change in peak expiratory flow (PEF)

    Peak expiratory flow (PEF), reported in liters per minute (L/min), will be measured immediately before and immediately after the intervention. The outcome will be defined as the pre-to-post change (post minus pre), and between-group differences in change between active stimulation and sham control will be evaluated.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in RMSSD from chest recordings

    Heart rate variability will be recorded from chest-based beat-to-beat intervals before and after the intervention in a standardized resting condition. The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), reported in milliseconds (ms), will be derived from these recordings. The endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active bilateral stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  2. Change in SDNN from chest recordings

    Heart rate variability will be recorded from chest-based beat-to-beat intervals before and after the intervention in a standardized resting condition. The standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), reported in milliseconds (ms), will be derived from these recordings. The endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active bilateral stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  3. Change in LF power from chest recordings

    Heart rate variability will be recorded from chest-based beat-to-beat intervals before and after the intervention in a standardized resting condition. Low-frequency (LF) power, reported in milliseconds squared (ms²), will be derived from these recordings. The endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active bilateral stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  4. Change in HF power from chest recordings

    Heart rate variability will be recorded from chest-based beat-to-beat intervals before and after the intervention in a standardized resting condition. High-frequency (HF) power, reported in milliseconds squared (ms²), will be derived from these recordings. The endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active bilateral stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  5. Change in LF/HF ratio from chest recordings

    Heart rate variability will be recorded from chest-based beat-to-beat intervals before and after the intervention in a standardized resting condition. The low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio, reported as a unitless measure, will be derived from these recordings. The endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active bilateral stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  6. Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP)

    Systolic blood pressure (SBP), reported in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), will be measured before and after the intervention under standardized conditions. The endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  7. Change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

    Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), reported in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), will be measured before and after the intervention under standardized conditions. The endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

  8. Change in heart rate

    Heart rate, reported in beats per minute (bpm), will be measured before and after the intervention under standardized conditions. The endpoint is the pre-to-post change (post minus pre) and the between-group difference in change between active stimulation and sham control.

    Time frame: Single visit: assessed pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (within the same session).

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Güzelyurt Neighborhood, Mustafa Bozkurt Street, No: 9, 57900, Türkeli, Sinop, Türkiye
    Sinop, 57900, Turkey (Türkiye)
    Recruiting
    • Uğur BAĞCI, PT, MSc · Sub investigator
    • Mesut ARSLAN, MSc, PhD · Sub investigator
    • Berkay Eren PEHLİVANOĞLU, MSc, PhD · Sub investigator
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Paleczny B, Seredynski R, Ponikowska B. Inspiratory- and expiratory-gated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation have different effects on heart rate in healthy subjects: preliminary results. Clin Auton Res. 2021 Apr;31(2):205-214. doi: 10.1007/s10286-019-00604-0. Epub 2019 Apr 2. PubMed 30941526 ↗
  • Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986 Feb 8;1(8476):307-10. PubMed 2868172 ↗
  • Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979 Mar;86(2):420-8. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.86.2.420. PubMed 18839484 ↗
  • Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016 Jun;15(2):155-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012. Epub 2016 Mar 31. PubMed 27330520 ↗
  • Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation. 1996 Mar 1;93(5):1043-65. No abstract available. PubMed 8598068 ↗
  • Kim AY, Marduy A, de Melo PS, Gianlorenco AC, Kim CK, Choi H, Song JJ, Fregni F. Safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 21;12(1):22055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25864-1. PubMed 36543841 ↗
  • Wang L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhang J, Li S, Wu M, Li L, Rong P. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulators: a review of past, present, and future devices. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2022 Jan;19(1):43-61. doi: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2020095. Epub 2022 Jan 13. PubMed 34937487 ↗
  • Zou N, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Xin C, Wang Y, Claire-Marie R, Rong P, Gao G, Li S. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation as a novel therapy connecting the central and peripheral systems: a review. Int J Surg. 2024 Aug 1;110(8):4993-5006. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001592. PubMed 38729100 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — Individual participant data (IPD) will not be publicly shared at this time. Study results will be reported in the manuscript in aggregated form. De-identified IPD may be made available upon reasonable request by contacting the corresponding author, subject to appropriate ethical and institutional approvals and data-use conditions.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 19, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07482930
Lead sponsor
SEFA HAKTAN HATIK
Collaborators
Sinop University
Responsible party
SEFA HAKTAN HATIK (Assistant Professor, Sinop University) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Mar 19, 2026
Start date
Mar 17, 2026
Primary completion
Apr 20, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Apr 25, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Mar 19, 2026

Study contacts

SEFA HAKTAN HATIK, MSc, PhD
Contact
haktanhtk@gmail.com
+90 368 271 55 28 ext. 4601

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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