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RecruitingNCT07392177LOCUSleepUpdated Aug 19, 2026

Understanding the Role of the Locus Coeruleus in Insomnia

A Phase 2 interventional study of Dexmedetomidine and Placebo in Insomnia, sponsored by Woolcock Institute of Medical Research. Recruiting at 1 site in Australia. Open to participants aged 30 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-19.

Sponsored by Woolcock Institute of Medical Research · Phase 2, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
15
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
30 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This research project aims to better understand the neurobiological mechanistic underpinnings of insomnia disorder. The main question is whether cortical hyperarousal in individuals with insomnia disorder, measured by electroencephalograhic (EEG) infraslow oscillation coupling of sigma power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and theta power during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, is related to locus coeruleus activity.

Read the detailed description

This trial is a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised controlled cross over trial of dexmedetomidine or placebo in adults with insomnia disorder. Participants will be recruited using social media, bulletin boards and patient referrals from the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research clinics. Participants will be asked to complete an online pre-screening webpage (RedCap) to check for eligibility, and provided with the Participant Information Sheet (PIS) and asked for contact details for an in-person screening visit. The participants will have the study explained in detail during the screening visit followed by written informed consent. The participant will then undergo a medical screening for diagnosis of insomnia disorder and the medical officer will sign the consent form. Thereafter, the participant will complete baseline questionnaires and be randomised to either dexmedetomidine or placebo for the 2 sleep laboratory visits. Participants will then be instructed to maintain their regular sleep-wake patterns for seven days before the first sleep laboratory visit (Visit 1). During Visit 1, participants will undergo a number of assessments (pre-sleep locus coeruleus activity measured using pupillometry, electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) before and during sleep and questionnaires about subjective hyperarousal. Participants will receive either dexmedetomidine or placebo. Following Visit 1, participants will have a 14-day washout, before Visit 2, which will repeat the procedures of Visit 1, but participants will receive the alternate condition (placebo or dexmedetomidine). The study will be coordinated from the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Macquarie University, NSW, 2113, Australia.

02

Conditions studied

  • Insomnia

Keywords

  • Electroencephalography
  • Sleep
  • Locus coeruleus
  • Hyperarousal
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
30 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Diagnosis of insomnia disorder (DSM-5-TR)
  • Insomnia severity index (ISI) score ≥15
  • Able to provide informed consent
  • Fluent English literacy

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Medically diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing (i.e. sleep apnea) or sleep or circadian disorder other than insomnia
  • Uncontrolled psychiatric disorders
  • High dependence on medical care
  • History of, or current suicide ideation (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) questionnaire)
  • Pregnancy or actively trying to conceive, or lactating
  • Shiftwork - defined as work outside of business hours (before 8am or after 6pm) conducted at least once per week
  • Travel across time zones of over 2 h time difference in the past week
  • Contraindicate the patient's participation in the clinical trial due to safety concerns or compliance with clinical study procedures
  • Concomitant use of medicines that are inhibitors, or moderate to strong inducers, of CYP3A4; regular use of hypnotics and other medications that can cause additive sedation or psychostimulants or non-amphetamine psychostimulants within 14 days of starting the clinical trial
  • Ongoing use of THC- or CBD-containing products; dependence or any other drug or alcohol dependence
  • Allergy to lactose
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
15 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Dexmedetomidine

    A 96 µg dexmedetomidine tablet taken during the sleep laboratory visit only

    Drug: Dexmedetomidine

  • Active comparator
    Placebo

    Matching placebo tablet taken during the sleep laboratory visit only

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • DrugDexmedetomidine

    A buccal tablet containing 96 µg dexmedetomidine will be taken before habitual bedtime.

  • DrugPlacebo

    Placebo tablets will contain identical excipient without the active ingredient (dexmedetomidine) and manufactured under the same condition as the active. Placebo tablets, packs and instructions will be identical in every respect to enable the double-blind study design.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Electrographic (EEG) signatures

    Electrographic (EEG) infraslow oscillations (\~50 sec) of sigma power and sleep spindle coupling during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and theta power during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

    Time frame: Baseline and 14 days

Secondary outcomes

  1. Sleep Fragmentation

    Polysomnography (PSG) measure conducted during the intervention and control (wake after sleep onset)

    Time frame: Baseline and 14 days

  2. EEG power

    Electroencephalographic (EEG) power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) (stages 2 and 3) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Unit of measurement is μV\^2.

    Time frame: Baseline and 14 days

  3. Neurovascular activity (fNIRS)

    Measurement of global blood flow using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

    Time frame: Baseline and 14 days

  4. Cardiopulmonary Coupling (CPC)

    Cardiopulmonary coupling provides a global measure of autonomic function

    Time frame: Baseline and 14 days

  5. Pupillometry

    Pupil sizes will be assessed as a surrogate of locus coeruleus activity

    Time frame: Baseline and 14 days

  6. Subjective hyperarousal

    Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) before sleep. Scored by summing 16 items (rated 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely)) with a total score between 16 to 80

    Time frame: Baseline and 14 days

  7. Subjective sleep quality

    Self-reported rating of sleep quality (0-9) with higher scores indicating worse sleep. This will assessed in the morning after the overnight sleep study.

    Time frame: Baseline and 14 days

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Woolcock Institute of Medical Research
    Macquarie Park, New South Wales 2113, Australia
    • Greg Kaplan, PhD · Contact · grigori.kaplan@woolcock.org.au · +61 2 9805 3232
    • Christopher Gordon, PhD · Principal investigator
    • Brendon Yee, MBChB, PhD · Principal investigator
    Recruiting
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Non-identifiable IPD will be shared upon reasonable request to the Principal Investigators.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Icf, Analytic code

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07392177
Lead sponsor
Woolcock Institute of Medical Research
Responsible party
Christopher Gordon (Research Leader, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 6, 2026
Start date
Aug 12, 2026
Primary completion
Mar 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Mar 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 19, 2026

Study contacts

Christopher Gordon, PhD
Contact
c.gordon@mq.edu.au
+61 2 9805 3096
Camilla Hoyos, PhD
Contact
camilla.hoyos@mq.edu.au
Christopher Gordon, PhD
principal investigator · Woolcock Institute of Medical Research
Brendon Yee, MBChB, PhD
principal investigator · Woolcock Institute of Medical Research

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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