Efficacy of Lavender Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Pain Reduction During Awake Otolaryngologic Procedures

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• Thyroid Nodule 199

Keywords

• Aromatherapy
• Otolaryngology
• Awake procedure

Study arms

• Experimental
  Lavender Aromatherapy

  Participants will be exposed to lavender aromatherapy on a cotton ball prior to procedure, and then with a diffuser during the duration of the procedure

  Other: Lavender Aromatherapy

• Placebo comparator
  Placebo

  Participants will be exposed to placebo odorless liquid, on a cotton ball prior to procedure, and then with a diffuser during the duration of the procedure

  Other: Placebo Aromatherapy

Interventions

• OtherLavender Aromatherapy

  Lavender essential oil on cotton ball, and in aromatherapy diffuser

• OtherPlacebo Aromatherapy

  Saline on cotton ball and in aromatherapy diffuser

Primary outcomes

1. Change in visual analog scale anxiety, measured on a 10 cm scale

   A 10 cm visual analog scale is widely utilized to measure procedural anxiety, rated from 0 to 10, with 10 being the highest level of anxiety. The patient will provide a vertical mark above their level of anxiety. This number measured in mm (0-100) will be recorded both immediately before the procedure, and after the procedure, where the patient will record their average level of anxiety during the procedure. The change between pre-procedure, and post-procedure, will be recorded for each patient and compared between the lavender aromatherapy and placebo groups. The mean and median pre-procedure and post-procedure values will also be compared between the groups.

   Time frame: Baseline, Periprocedural and Immediately after the procedure

2. Likert scale of pain, measured on a scale of 0-10

   Patients will be asked to rate their your average level of pain on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain) on a post-procedural questionnaire

   Time frame: Immediately after the procedure

3. Likert scale subjective improvement with pain, measured on scale of 1-5

   Patients will be asked in post-procedural questionnaire if they felt the aromatherapy helped with pain during the procedure, on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)

   Time frame: Immediately after the procedure

Secondary outcomes

1. Subjective Impressions of Lavender Aromatherapy, measured on Likert scale and in Yes/No format in post-procedural questionnaire

   Patients will be asked in a post-procedural questionnaire their subjective impressions of the lavender aromatherapy or placebo. The questions will be outlined as below: Did you feel the aromatherapy was calming during the procedure? 1 2 3 4 5 (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) Did you find the scent pleasant? 1 2 3 4 5 (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) Do you use aromatherapy or essential oils regularly? Yes No Have you ever used aromatherapy or essential oils in the past? Yes No How likely are you to recommend the aromatherapy for future patients undergoing awake procedures? 1 2 3 4 5 (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree)

   Time frame: Immediately after the procedure

Publications

• Braden R, Reichow S, Halm MA. The use of the essential oil lavandin to reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical patients. J Perianesth Nurs. 2009 Dec;24(6):348-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2009.10.002. PubMed 19962101 ↗
• Kothari DS, Nieri CA, Tanenbaum ZG, Linker LA, Rangarajan SV. Mind-Body Therapies in the Management of Otolaryngologic Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024 Jan;170(1):45-60. doi: 10.1002/ohn.523. Epub 2023 Sep 15. PubMed 37712305 ↗
• Grunebaum LD, Murdock J, Castanedo-Tardan MP, Baumann LS. Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011 Jun;10(2):89-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00554.x. PubMed 21649812 ↗
• Wotman M, Levinger J, Leung L, Kallush A, Mauer E, Kacker A. The Efficacy of Lavender Aromatherapy in Reducing Preoperative Anxiety in Ambulatory Surgery Patients Undergoing Procedures in General Otolaryngology. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2017 Nov 8;2(6):437-441. doi: 10.1002/lio2.121. eCollection 2017 Dec. PubMed 29299520 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — IPD will not be shared with other researchers in order to protect patient privacy, as these patients will be undergoing awake procedures at only 1 location, and thus their results may be identified even after anonymization or de-identification.