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Enrolling by invitationNCT07275619NDFCFIHAUTQCSTUpdated Dec 10, 2025

Normative Data for Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Adults

An observational study in Healthy Adults, sponsored by Riphah International University. Enrolling by invitation at 1 site in Pakistan. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-10.

Sponsored by Riphah International University · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Mar 2026, 6 months ago, but the record still lists the study as enrolling by invitation.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
800
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a physical attribute which represents how effectively various bodily systems work together to transport and utilize oxygen to support muscular activity during prolonged, rhythmic, large-muscle, whole-body exercise. A key element associated with physical fitness is VO2max, which is referred to as cardiorespiratory fitness. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max. This study will be cross sectional, normative study. Healthy adults aged 18-65 years from community setting will be recruited through non probability convenient sampling technique to collect data as per inclusion criteria. Sample size will be approximately 800, consist of equal ratio of males and females. Heart Rate, Recovery Heart Rate, VO2 max and METS will be calculated of each subject. Following equation is used to calculate VO2max, for females: VO2max = 65.81- [0.1847× HR] for males: VO2max = 111.33- [0.42× HR]. Data analysis will be conducted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 28.

Read the detailed description

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a physical attribute which represents how effectively various bodily systems work together to transport and utilize oxygen to support muscular activity during prolonged, rhythmic, large-muscle, whole-body exercise. A key element associated with physical fitness is VO2max, which is referred to as cardiorespiratory fitness. Queen's college step test (reliability = 0.92, validity = 0.75) will be used to estimate the VO2max. The objectives of the study is to obtain the normative reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy pakistani adults.

This study will be cross sectional, normative study. Healthy adults aged 18-65 years from community setting will be recruited through non probability convenient sampling technique to collect data as per inclusion criteria. Sample size will be approximately 800, consist of equal ratio of males and females. Heart Rate, Recovery Heart Rate, VO2 max and METS will be calculated of each subject. Following equation is used to calculate VO2max, for females: VO2max = 65.81- [0.1847× HR] for males: VO2max = 111.33- [0.42× HR]. Demographics include Age (years), Height (m2), Weight (kg) and Body Mass Index (BMI kg/m2) will be measure for each subject.Data analysis will be conducted by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 28.

Key words:

Adults, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Normative, Queen's college step test, VO2max

02

Conditions studied

  • Healthy Adults

Keywords

  • Adults
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness
  • Normative
  • Queen's college step test
  • VO2max
03

In context

Lead sponsor

Riphah International University is the lead sponsor of 2,133 studies on the registry; 633 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

healthy adults

Inclusion criteria

    • Pakistani Adults of age group 18-65 according to ACSM's guidelines

      • Current healthy adults recruited by filling PAR_Q test
      • IPAQ short form will be administered, Participants scoring moderate or high activity level will be selected to perform QCST
      • BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 - ≤ 24.9 kg/m2
      • Resting spO2 >95%
      • Resting heart rate ≥60bpm and ≤100bpm
      • Mentally and physically fit adults without any physical, physiological and psychological issues

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Presence of any acute/chronic illness Any cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, psychological, musculoskeletal or orthopedic condition and history of surgery Individuals taking any medical treatment History of active smoking

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
800 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Cohort 1: 18 - 29 years

    Cohort 1 will be approximately 200 consist of 100 males and 100 females. Subjects will be divided into cohort group according to their age. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max

  • Cohort 2: 30 - 41 years

    Cohort 2 will be approximately 200 consist of 100 males and 100 females. Subjects will be divided into cohort group according to their age. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max

  • Cohort 3: 42 - 53 years

    Cohort 3 will be approximately 200 consist of 100 males and 100 females. Subjects will be divided into cohort group according to their age. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max

  • Cohort 4: 54 - 65 years

    Cohort 4 will be approximately 200 consist of 100 males and 100 females. Subjects will be divided into cohort group according to their age. Queen's college step test will be used to estimate the VO2max

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Queen's college step test

    QCST will be used to estimate the VO2max. The step test will be performed using a tool of 16.25 inches height. Stepping will be performed for a total duration of 3 minutes at the rate of 22 steps per minute for females and 24 steps per minute for males which will be set by a metronome. After completing the stepping , the subject remains standing, wait 5 seconds, take a 15s heart rate count and multiply the HR by 4 to convert into beats per minute. following equation is used to predict VO2max. For females: VO2max = 65.81- \[0.1847× HR\] For males: VO2max = 111.33- \[0.42× HR\] The reliability and validity of queen's college step test is 0.92 and 0.75 respectively.

    Time frame: one time point

  2. pulse oximeter

    Heart rate will be calculated by pulse oximeter. After completing the stepping , the subject remains standing, wait 5 seconds, take a 15s heart rate count and multiply the HR by 4 to convert into beats per minute.

    Time frame: one time point

  3. Recovery Heart Rate

    Recovery heart rate will be measure by substracting the heart rate after 1 minute from the peak heart rate which will be compare with standard values to check the heart health.

    Time frame: one time point

  4. METS

    Metabolic equivalents of task (METS) will be calculated dividing VO2max by 3.5ml/kg/min. METS = VO2 MAX ÷ 3.5 ml/kg/min

    Time frame: one time point

Secondary outcomes

  1. stadiometer

    height (m2) will be measure through stadiometer

    Time frame: one time point

  2. weighing machine

    weight (kg) will be measure through weighing machine

    Time frame: one time point

  3. Body Mass Index

    BMI will be calculated dividing weight by height (m2).

    Time frame: one time point

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Riphah International University, Lahore
    Lahore, Punjab Province 54000, Pakistan
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Kunutsor SK, Isiozor NM, Myers J, Seidu S, Khunti K, Laukkanen JA. Baseline and usual cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of chronic kidney disease: A prospective study and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies. Geroscience. 2023 Jun;45(3):1761-1774. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00727-3. Epub 2023 Jan 17. PubMed 36646903 ↗
  • Rossi Neto JM, Tebexreni AS, Alves ANF, Smanio PEP, de Abreu FB, Thomazi MC, Nishio PA, Cuninghant IA. Cardiorespiratory fitness data from 18,189 participants who underwent treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a Brazilian population. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 9;14(1):e0209897. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209897. eCollection 2019. PubMed 30625200 ↗
  • Kaminsky LA, Arena R, Myers J. Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Data From the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015 Nov;90(11):1515-23. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.026. Epub 2015 Oct 5. PubMed 26455884 ↗
  • Ekblom-Bak E, Ekblom O, Andersson G, Wallin P, Soderling J, Hemmingsson E, Ekblom B. Decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in the Swedish working force between 1995 and 2017. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019 Feb;29(2):232-239. doi: 10.1111/sms.13328. Epub 2018 Nov 15. PubMed 30351472 ↗
  • Hills AP, Jayasinghe S, Arena R, Byrne NM. Global status of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity - Are we improving or getting worse? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 Mar-Apr;83:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.008. Epub 2024 Feb 27. PubMed 38417767 ↗
  • Sloan RA. Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Risks. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 May 16;21(5):635. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21050635. PubMed 38791849 ↗
  • Dourado VZ, Nishiaka RK, Simoes MSMP, Lauria VT, Tanni SE, Godoy I, Gagliardi ART, Romiti M, Arantes RL. Classification of cardiorespiratory fitness using the six-minute walk test in adults: Comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Pulmonology. 2021 Nov-Dec;27(6):500-508. doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.03.006. Epub 2021 May 4. PubMed 33958319 ↗
  • Liu Y, Zhu J, Guo Z, Yu J, Zhang X, Ge H, Zhu Y. Estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and incident risk of cardiovascular disease in China. BMC Public Health. 2023 Nov 24;23(1):2338. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16864-5. PubMed 38001416 ↗
  • Lang JJ, Prince SA, Merucci K, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Chaput JP, Fraser BJ, Manyanga T, McGrath R, Ortega FB, Singh B, Tomkinson GR. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong and consistent predictor of morbidity and mortality among adults: an overview of meta-analyses representing over 20.9 million observations from 199 unique cohort studies. Br J Sports Med. 2024 May 2;58(10):556-566. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107849. PubMed 38599681 ↗

Related links

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 10, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07275619
Lead sponsor
Riphah International University
Responsible party
Wajeeha Zia (Assistant Professor, Riphah International University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 10, 2025
Start date
Dec 15, 2025 (estimated)
Primary completion
Mar 15, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Jul 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Dec 10, 2025

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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