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Not yet recruitingNCT07263867ENHANCE-BPUpdated Oct 20, 2026

Enhanced Ward Rounds for Bowel Preparation Quality in Hospitalized Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy

An interventional study of Enhanced Frequency Ward Rounds with Standardized Intervention Package and Standard Frequency Ward Rounds in Colonoscopy, Bowel Preparation and Quality of Healthcare, sponsored by LanZhou University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-20.

Sponsored by LanZhou University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Updated Oct 20, 2026Start date movedPrimary completion moved+1 moreGo to Updates ↓
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
300
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Adequate bowel preparation is critical for successful colonoscopy, yet inadequate preparation remains a significant clinical challenge, occurring in 20-30% of procedures. In hospitalized patients undergoing therapeutic colonoscopy, suboptimal preparation leads to increased costs, prolonged hospital stay, and potential procedure cancellation or rescheduling. Current standard care involves resident ward rounds twice daily.

This cluster-randomized crossover trial aims to evaluate whether increasing the frequency of structured resident ward rounds from 2 to 4 times per day can improve bowel preparation quality in hospitalized patients scheduled for therapeutic colonoscopy. The enhanced ward round intervention includes standardized checklist review, medication verification, dietary compliance confirmation, adverse event screening, and timely intervention when needed.

Three hospital wards will be randomly assigned to different sequences of intervention and control periods using a crossover design with washout periods. The primary outcome is adequate bowel preparation quality assessed by Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS ≥6 with each segment ≥2), evaluated by blinded endoscopists. Secondary outcomes include procedure quality metrics (cecal intubation rate, examination duration), safety endpoints (electrolyte disturbances, aspiration events), health economics measures (length of stay, total costs), and healthcare worker burden (nursing workload, night-time call frequency).

Subgroup analyses will examine intervention effects across age groups, cognitive function levels, prior colonoscopy experience, and comorbidity burden to identify populations most likely to benefit from enhanced monitoring.

This pragmatic trial addresses a clinically relevant question using a real-world implementation strategy designed to minimize workflow disruption. Results will inform evidence-based policies regarding optimal ward round frequency for colonoscopy preparation in hospital settings.

Read the detailed description

Background and Rationale Adequate bowel preparation is essential for high-quality colonoscopy. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) is a validated tool for assessing preparation quality, with scores ≥6 (and each segment ≥2) considered adequate. Studies report inadequate preparation rates of 20-30% in routine practice, leading to missed lesions, prolonged procedures, and increased costs.

Hospitalized patients face unique challenges for bowel preparation including comorbidities, cognitive impairment, medication complexity, and communication barriers. While outpatient preparation often relies on written instructions and telephone reminders, inpatients theoretically benefit from direct medical supervision. However, the optimal frequency and structure of ward rounds during bowel preparation remain undefined.

Current practice at our institution includes twice-daily resident ward rounds (morning and afternoon). We hypothesize that increasing ward round frequency to four times daily (adding midday and evening rounds) with a standardized intervention package will improve preparation quality by:

  1. Enhanced medication compliance monitoring
  2. Real-time dietary adherence verification
  3. Early detection and management of adverse events
  4. Improved patient education and anxiety reduction
  5. Timely adjustment of preparation regimens Study Design This is a single-center, cluster-randomized, crossover trial with three hospital wards serving as clusters. Each ward will alternate between intervention and control periods in a balanced sequence with washout periods to minimize carryover effects.

Design Features:

  • Cluster Unit: Hospital ward (to avoid contamination within same care team)
  • Crossover Design: Each ward serves as its own control across time periods
  • Washout Periods: 1-week washout between intervention periods
  • Blinded Outcome Assessment: Endoscopists remain blinded to patient allocation

Timeline Structure:

  • Phase 0 (Weeks 0-1): Protocol training and system testing
  • Phase 1 (Weeks 2-5): First intervention period (4 weeks)
  • Washout 1 (Week 6): Transition period
  • Phase 2 (Weeks 7-10): Second intervention period (4 weeks)
  • Washout 2 (Week 11): Transition period
  • Phase 3 (Weeks 12-15): Third intervention period (4 weeks)
  • Weeks 16-17: Data cleaning and database lock Randomization: An independent biostatistician will generate a randomization sequence using Williams design for 3×3 crossover. Ward assignments will be concealed in sealed envelopes and revealed to ward supervisors only at the start of each period.

Interventions

Control Group (Standard Care):

  • Ward rounds: 2 times/day (morning 7:30-9:00, afternoon 15:00-17:00)
  • Standard clinical assessment during rounds
  • Verbal confirmation of preparation instructions

Intervention Group (Enhanced Ward Rounds):

  • Ward rounds: 4 times/day (morning 7:30-9:00, midday 12:00-13:00, afternoon 15:00-17:00, evening 21:00-22:00)
  • Duration: ≥10 minutes per patient per round
  • Standardized intervention package at each round:

    1. Medication Verification: Confirm PEG dose, timing, completion rate; assess tolerance (nausea, bloating)
    2. Dietary Compliance Check: Review food/fluid intake in past 4 hours; correct any deviations (e.g., family-provided meals, solid foods)
    3. Adverse Event Screening: Assess for electrolyte imbalance symptoms (weakness, palpitations, muscle cramps), aspiration risk (vomiting with cough), dehydration signs
    4. Clinical Decision Support: Prescribe antiemetics for severe nausea; adjust PEG rate for bloating; order electrolyte testing if indicated
    5. Patient Education Assessment: (First and pre-procedure evening rounds only) Three-question quiz on preparation instructions; re-educate if \<2/3 correct Adherence Monitoring: Electronic time-stamped check-in via mobile app at each ward round, with mandatory completion of standardized checklist (cannot submit if \<10 minutes elapsed).

Standardized Elements (Both Groups): To isolate the effect of ward round frequency, all other aspects remain identical:

  • Preparation Regimen: Split-dose PEG (2L at D-1 18:00, 1L at D-day 6:00)
  • Diet Protocol: Low-residue diet at D-2, clear liquids only at D-1
  • Patient Education: Written handbook + 8-minute video within 24h of admission
  • Rescue Protocol: Additional 500ml PEG or enema on examination morning if residual stool reported Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome:

  • Adequate bowel preparation rate: Proportion of patients achieving BBPS total score ≥6 AND each segment score ≥2
  • Assessment: During colonoscopy by blinded endoscopist
  • Timeframe: At time of colonoscopy procedure

Key Secondary Outcomes:

  1. BBPS total score (continuous, 0-9 scale)
  2. Cecal intubation rate and time (minutes)
  3. Total examination duration (minutes)
  4. Adenoma detection rate (ADR)
  5. Preparation-related adverse events (electrolyte abnormalities, aspiration, vomiting requiring medication)
  6. Procedure rescheduling/repeat preparation rate
  7. Length of hospital stay (days)
  8. Total hospitalization costs (RMB)
  9. Patient satisfaction score (5-point Likert scale)
  10. Night-time nurse call frequency (21:00-7:00, normalized per patient)
  11. Nursing workload assessment score

Subgroup Analyses (Pre-specified):

  • Age: \<60 / 60-74 / ≥75 years
  • Cognitive function: Normal / mild impairment / moderate-severe impairment
  • Prior colonoscopy: Yes / No
  • Charlson Comorbidity Index: 0-2 / 3-4 / ≥5 Statistical Analysis Plan The primary analysis will use a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with logit link for the binary primary outcome, including fixed effects for treatment, period, and sequence, and random effects for ward. An intention-to-treat approach will be employed. Sample size of 268 evaluable patients (134 per group) provides 80% power to detect an absolute increase from 75% to 90% in adequate preparation rate, assuming ICC=0.03 and two-sided α=0.05.

Sensitivity analyses will include per-protocol population (excluding participants with \<75% adherence to assigned ward round frequency), complete case analysis, and varying ICC assumptions. Subgroup effects will be assessed through treatment-by-subgroup interaction terms.

Safety Monitoring

The independent DSMB will conduct one interim analysis at 50% enrollment. Pre-specified stopping rules include:

  • Significant increase in serious adverse events (SAEs) in intervention group (RR>2.0, p\<0.01)
  • Overwhelming efficacy (preparation rate difference >20%, p\<0.001) All SAEs will be reported to the IRB within 24 hours. Quality Control
  • BBPS rater training: All endoscopists complete standardized training with 20 reference videos; inter-rater reliability (Kappa) >0.75 required
  • Calibration meetings every 4 weeks to review borderline cases
  • Electronic data capture (REDCap) with real-time validation rules
  • Weekly data monitoring by research coordinator with 10% source verification
02

Conditions studied

  • Colonoscopy
  • Bowel Preparation
  • Quality of Healthcare

Keywords

  • Bowel preparation
  • Ward rounds
  • Colonoscopy quality
  • Cluster randomized trial
  • Boston Bowel Preparation Scale
03

In context

Lead sponsor

LanZhou University is the lead sponsor of 27 studies on the registry; 13 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Age ≥18 years
  2. Hospitalized patients (inpatients)
  3. Scheduled for therapeutic colonoscopy (polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection [EMR], endoscopic submucosal dissection [ESD], or for diagnosis)
  4. Time from admission to scheduled colonoscopy ≥48 hours (allowing adequate preparation time)
  5. Patient or legal representative able to provide written
  6. Able to understand and follow bowel preparation instructions (with assistance from caregivers if needed)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Emergency gastrointestinal conditions: bowel obstruction, acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent intervention, suspected or confirmed perforation
  2. Emergency or same-day colonoscopy (scheduled \<24 hours after admission)
  3. History of total colectomy or current colostomy/ileostomy
  4. Severe cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog score 0-1 or \<18) without available caregiver
  5. Severe cardiopulmonary disease: (NYHA) Class IV heart failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4-5 ( \<30 ml/min/1.73m²) unable to tolerate PEG-based preparation
  6. Known or suspected pregnancy, currently breastfeeding
  7. Previous severe allergic reaction to PEG or bowel preparation agents
  8. Current participation in another interventional clinical trial
  9. Unable to provide and no legal representative available
  10. Patient or legal representative declines participation
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Biopsy and archival tissue

A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.

Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

MMSE and MoCA

Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Double (Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
300 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Enhanced Ward Rounds (Intervention)

    Residents conduct ward rounds 4 times daily (morning, midday, afternoon, evening) with each visit lasting ≥10 minutes. Standardized intervention package includes: (1) medication verification and adherence check, (2) dietary compliance review, (3) adverse event screening for electrolyte disturbances and aspiration risk, (4) clinical decision support with timely interventions, and (5) patient education assessment. Electronic check-in required at each visit with time-stamped checklist completion.

    Behavioral: Enhanced Frequency Ward Rounds with Standardized Intervention Package

  • Active comparator
    Standard Ward Rounds

    Standard care with residents conducting ward rounds 2 times daily (morning and afternoon). Patients receive routine clinical assessment and verbal confirmation of bowel preparation instructions. All other aspects of care remain identical to intervention group including PEG preparation regimen, dietary protocol, patient education materials, and rescue protocols.

    Behavioral: Standard Frequency Ward Rounds

Interventions

  • BehavioralEnhanced Frequency Ward Rounds with Standardized Intervention Package

    Increase resident physician ward round frequency from 2 to 4 times per day (adding midday 12:00-13:00 and evening 21:00-22:00 rounds). Each ward round includes standardized checklist-based assessment covering medication adherence, dietary compliance, adverse events, and patient understanding. Duration ≥10 minutes per patient. Electronic documentation with time stamps ensures adherence monitoring.

  • BehavioralStandard Frequency Ward Rounds

    Standard care with resident physician ward rounds twice daily at morning (7:30-9:00) and afternoon (15:00-17:00). Routine clinical assessment and verbal confirmation of preparation protocol. Represents current practice standard.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Adequate Bowel Preparation Rate

    Proportion of patients achieving adequate bowel preparation defined as Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) total score ≥6 points AND each colonic segment score ≥2 points. BBPS is a validated 0-9 point scale (3 segments × 0-3 points each) assessing preparation quality during colonoscopy. Endoscopist records BBPS score for each segment (right colon, transverse colon, left colon) after cleansing maneuvers during colonoscopy. Adequate preparation requires both: (1) total score ≥6 and (2) no segment with score \<2. Endoscopists remain blinded to patient group assignment.

    Time frame: Assessed during colonoscopy procedure (Day 0, examination day)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) Total Score

    BBPS total score as continuous variable (range 0-9), with higher scores indicating better preparation quality

    Time frame: Assessed during colonoscopy procedure (Day 0)

  2. Cecal Intubation Rate

    Proportion of procedures achieving successful cecal intubation, confirmed by visualization of ileocecal valve and appendiceal orifice

    Time frame: Assessed during colonoscopy procedure (Day 0)

  3. Cecal Intubation Time

    Time in minutes from scope insertion at anal verge to cecal intubation

    Time frame: Assessed during colonoscopy procedure (Day 0)

  4. Total Examination Duration

    Total procedure time in minutes from scope insertion to scope withdrawal

    Time frame: Assessed during colonoscopy procedure (Day 0)

  5. Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR)

    Proportion of patients in whom at least one adenoma is detected during colonoscopy, confirmed by pathology

    Time frame: Assessed at time of pathology report (within 2 weeks post-procedure)

  6. Preparation-Related Adverse Events

    Composite outcome including: (1) Electrolyte abnormalities (potassium \<3.5 or \>5.5 mmol/L, sodium \<135 or \>145 mmol/L); (2) Aspiration events (vomiting with cough and pulmonary signs); (3) Severe nausea/vomiting requiring medication; (4) Dehydration requiring IV fluids

    Time frame: From initiation of bowel preparation (Day -1) through colonoscopy completion (Day 0), approximately 24-36 hours

  7. Procedure Rescheduling Rate

    Proportion of patients requiring colonoscopy rescheduling or repeat bowel preparation due to inadequate initial preparation

    Time frame: Within 7 days of originally scheduled procedure

  8. Length of Hospital Stay

    Total number of days from hospital admission to discharge

    Time frame: From admission until discharge, expected average of 5-10 days

  9. Total Hospitalization Costs

    Total direct medical costs in Chinese Yuan (CNY) including room charges, medications, procedures, and laboratory tests, extracted from hospital information system

    Time frame: From admission until discharge, expected average of 5-10 days

  10. Patient Satisfaction Score

    Patient-reported satisfaction with bowel preparation guidance assessed on 5-point Likert scale (1=very dissatisfied to 5=very satisfied)

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after colonoscopy completion (Day 0)

  11. Patient Preparation Tolerance

    Patient-reported tolerance of preparation process on 5-point Likert scale (1=not difficult at all to 5=unbearable)

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after colonoscopy completion (Day 0)

  12. Night-time Nurse Call Frequency

    Number of patient-initiated nurse calls during night hours (21:00-7:00), normalized per patient, extracted from nurse call system records

    Time frame: Night before colonoscopy (Day -1 evening to Day 0 morning), approximately 10 hours

  13. Nursing Workload Score

    Nurse-reported workload assessment for each patient's bowel preparation period, assessed on 5-point Likert scale (1=same as routine patients to 5=significantly increased burden)

    Time frame: Assessed at end of preparation period, within 24 hours after colonoscopy (Day 0)

  14. Patient Knowledge Score

    Patient understanding of preparation instructions assessed by 3-item questionnaire (timing of second PEG dose, permissible fluids, medication speed). Score range 0-3 with higher scores indicating better understanding.

    Time frame: Evening before colonoscopy (Day -1, approximately 18:00-22:00)

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Froehlich F, Wietlisbach V, Gonvers JJ, Burnand B, Vader JP. Impact of colonic cleansing on quality and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy: the European Panel of Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy European multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Mar;61(3):378-84. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(04)02776-2. PubMed 15758907 ↗
  • Clark BT, Rustagi T, Laine L. What level of bowel prep quality requires early repeat colonoscopy: systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of preparation quality on adenoma detection rate. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov;109(11):1714-23; quiz 1724. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.232. Epub 2014 Aug 19. PubMed 25135006 ↗
  • Johnson DA, Barkun AN, Cohen LB, Dominitz JA, Kaltenbach T, Martel M, Robertson DJ, Boland CR, Giardello FM, Lieberman DA, Levin TR, Rex DK; US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Optimizing adequacy of bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: recommendations from the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2014 Oct;147(4):903-24. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.002. No abstract available. PubMed 25239068 ↗
  • Hassan C, East J, Radaelli F, Spada C, Benamouzig R, Bisschops R, Bretthauer M, Dekker E, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Ferlitsch M, Fuccio L, Awadie H, Gralnek I, Jover R, Kaminski MF, Pellise M, Triantafyllou K, Vanella G, Mangas-Sanjuan C, Frazzoni L, Van Hooft JE, Dumonceau JM. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Update 2019. Endoscopy. 2019 Aug;51(8):775-794. doi: 10.1055/a-0959-0505. Epub 2019 Jul 11. PubMed 31295746 ↗
  • Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G, Fix OK, Jacobson BC. The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009 Mar;69(3 Pt 2):620-5. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.05.057. Epub 2009 Jan 10. PubMed 19136102 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — Individual participant data will not be shared publicly due to institutional privacy policies and Chinese regulations on patient data protection. Aggregate results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. Researchers interested in collaboration or data access may contact the principal investigator to discuss potential data sharing arrangements under appropriate data use agreements.

09

Updates

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
Start date
Mar 28, 2026→Nov 20, 2026
Oct 20, 2026
Primary completion
Oct 30, 2026→May 30, 2027
Oct 20, 2026
Study completion
Dec 30, 2026→Jun 30, 2027
Oct 20, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Oct 20, 2026
    Start date Mar 28, 2026→Nov 20, 2026
    Primary completion Oct 30, 2026→May 30, 2027
    Study completion Dec 30, 2026→Jun 30, 2027
    + 2 other changes: identifiers and verification date

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07263867
Lead sponsor
LanZhou University
Responsible party
Zhaofeng Chen (Pro, LanZhou University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 4, 2025
Start date
Nov 20, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
May 30, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Jun 30, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Oct 20, 2026

Study contacts

Qiangqiang Tian
Contact
tianqq2023@lzu.edu.cn
86+15009460497

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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