An observational study in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) and Patient Education, sponsored by Hasan Kalyoncu University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-02.
Sponsored by Hasan Kalyoncu University · Observational
This methodological study aims to determine the level of agreement between nurses and an artificial intelligence system (ChatGPT-4.0) in providing scenario-based discharge education for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Thirty standardized patient scenarios representing different demographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics will be used. For each scenario, both expert nurses and ChatGPT-4.0 will prepare discharge education content based on six main domains and twenty-four subtopics identified from the literature and clinical guidelines. The educational materials will be independently evaluated by two blinded reviewers in terms of content accuracy, completeness, scientific consistency, and clarity of language. Agreement between nurses and AI-generated content will be analyzed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient and Fisher's Exact Test. The findings are expected to provide evidence for the reliability and applicability of AI-assisted discharge education systems in cardiac surgery nursing practice.
This methodological study aims to determine the agreement between expert nurses and an artificial intelligence (AI) system (ChatGPT-5) in providing scenario-based discharge education for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether ChatGPT-5 can generate discharge education content that is comparable in accuracy, completeness, and clinical appropriateness to that prepared by experienced cardiovascular surgery nurses.
Thirty standardized patient scenarios will be developed to represent a wide range of CABG cases with diverse demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics. Each scenario will simulate realistic postoperative conditions, including potential complications (e.g., delirium, wound infection, bleeding, arrhythmia), comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, COPD), and psychosocial variables such as anxiety level, family structure, and social support. All scenarios will be reviewed and validated by a multidisciplinary expert panel including cardiovascular surgeons and academic nurse specialists to ensure clinical realism and content validity.
Discharge education will be structured around six main domains and twenty-four subtopics derived from national and international guidelines and evidence-based literature. These domains include: (1) medical management and follow-up, (2) daily life and functional recovery, (3) psychosocial and social support, (4) risk factors and preventive health, (5) quality of life and specific conditions, and (6) religious practices. For each scenario, both expert nurses and ChatGPT-5 will independently prepare written discharge education materials using this standardized framework.
The educational materials will be anonymized and evaluated by two blinded reviewers in terms of scientific accuracy, content completeness, linguistic clarity, and alignment with clinical standards. In case of disagreement, a third independent reviewer will provide a final decision to ensure objectivity. Statistical analyses will include Cohen's Kappa coefficient to measure inter-rater agreement and Fisher's Exact Test for categorical comparisons. Diagnostic performance measures such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and F1 score will also be computed.
Data will be analyzed using SPSS v25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) will be reported to summarize the characteristics of the scenarios and evaluations. Agreement levels will be interpreted according to Landis and Koch's classification. A p-value of \<0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the reliability, validity, and usability of ChatGPT-5 as an innovative and supportive tool for preparing individualized discharge education materials in cardiovascular surgery nursing. Results may contribute to developing new technology-assisted educational models that can reduce nurse workload, improve the standardization of discharge education, and enhance patient understanding and satisfaction in the postoperative period.
Çalışma evreni, koroner arter bypass grefti (CABG) ameliyatı geçirmiş bireyleri temsil eden 30 standart hasta senaryosundan oluşmaktadır. Her bir senaryo, CABG sonrası hastalarda yaygın olarak gözlemlenen demografik, klinik ve psikososyal özelliklerin özgün bir kombinasyonunu yansıtmaktadır. Senaryolar, klinik gerçekliği ve içerik geçerliliğini sağlamak amacıyla kalp damar cerrahisi hemşireleri, akademik hemşirelik uzmanları ve kardiyovasküler cerrahların yer aldığı multidisipliner bir ekip tarafından geliştirilmiş ve doğrulanmıştır. Bu simüle edilmiş vakalar, hem hemşireler hem de ChatGPT-5 tarafından hazırlanan taburculuk eğitimi materyalleri arasındaki uyumu değerlendirmek için gözlem birimleri olarak kullanılacaktır.
Exclusion Criteria:
Discharge education content prepared independently by cardiovascular surgery nurses with ≥5 years of clinical experience. Each nurse created written discharge education materials for 30 standardized post-CABG scenarios following the predefined framework.
Discharge education materials automatically generated by ChatGPT-5 based on the same standardized post-CABG patient scenarios and predefined six-domain, 24-topic framework.
Agreement Between Nurse- and ChatGPT-5-Generated Discharge Education Content
The level of agreement between discharge education materials prepared by cardiovascular surgery nurses and those generated by ChatGPT-5 for standardized post-CABG patient scenarios.
Time frame: During data collection (expected within 8 months after study start).
Agreement Between Nurse- and ChatGPT-5-Generated Discharge Education Content
The level of agreement between discharge education materials prepared by cardiovascular surgery nurses and those generated by ChatGPT-5 for standardized post-CABG patient scenarios.
Time frame: During data collection (expected within 12 months after study start).
Plan to share: No — This study does not involve real patient participants. The data are based on standardized simulated patient scenarios developed for methodological comparison between nurse-provided and ChatGPT-5-generated discharge education. Therefore, no individual participant data (IPD) exist to share.
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Hasan Kalyoncu University