ClinicalTrials.gg
Active, not recruitingNCT07213726Updated Dec 8, 2025

Quantification of Progenitor Cell Circulation Following Vascular Resistance Exercise Using Delfi Tourniquet System

An interventional study of Delfi Personalized Tourniquet System in Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) Training Effects, sponsored by Andrews Research & Education Foundation. Active, not recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 45 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-08.

Sponsored by Andrews Research & Education Foundation · Not applicable, Interventional, and Health services research

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
15
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years to 45 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this observational study is to examine how slowing down blood flow to the legs- a practice called blood flow restriction (BFR)- during exercise by applying compression to the legs affects the way stem cells are released into the blood stream. This will be determined by drawing 6 cubic centimeters (ccs) of blood immediately post-exercise after the Delfi Personalized Tourniquet System (PTS) has been removed. 6 ccs of blood will also be taken prior to exercise and at the 20-, 40-, and 60-minute marks after exercise. The main question of this study is:

  • Will the levels of stem cells extracted before and after exercise be the same if blood flow is restricted during exercise?

In this study, participants will undergo the following:

  • 6 ccs of blood extracted from the forearm prior to exercise to establish a baseline
  • 3 exercises- seated leg extension, semi-reclined leg press, and seated hamstring curl- consisting of 4 sets of 30-15-15-15 repetitions per exercise; resistance will be set to 30% of one-rep maximum (1-RM)
  • Additional 6 cc blood draws will be performed immediately post-exercise and after 20, 40, and 60 minutes have elapsed
Read the detailed description

The proposed study is a prospective, quasi-experiment, dual-center (exercise facility and laboratory) study involving 15 healthy, male and female volunteers. A potential subject must clear the screening, consent to the procedures of this study, and complete the medical interview before proceeding with the familiarization session. The familiarization process will include an introduction to the Delfi BFR Tourniquet System (Delfi Medical Innovations Inc., Vancouver, BC) and the exercises (seated leg extension, semi-reclined leg press, seated hamstring curl) that the subject will complete. The weight each subject will use for each exercise will be determined during this time. All familiarization procedures must be completed prior to the scheduling and execution of the first of twelve experimental testing sessions.

The experimental testing sessions will occur twice a week for six weeks (12 sessions) and will involve the BFR training utilizing the Delfi BFR Tourniquet System, as further described in the Experimental Testing Session section of the treatment plan (6.2). At the beginning of the first, the sixth, and the twelfth testing sessions there will be a blood draw requiring 6 cc of blood to be taken prior to exercise. Post-exercise, at each testing session, additional 6cc blood draws will be conducted immediately post exercise (time point 0), as well as 20- , 40- , and 60 minutes after the conclusion of the workout. Following every testing session workout, finger-prick blood samples for lactate testing will be taken. These blood samples are to be taken at Time point 0- (T 0), 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, and 60-minutes following exercise. Once the twelfth experimental testing session has been completed, the subjects will have one final session that is to take place no more than five days following the twelfth testing session. This final session will include one final blood draw of 6 cc. Throughout the duration of the study, the blood drawn will be used for obtaining a complete blood count (CBC) and for cellular analysis to quantify peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cell concentration. The blood samples collected from subject's fingers throughout the study will be used for analysis using a portable lactate analyzer. Lactate analysis will allow researchers insight into each subject's exertion level reflected by the amount of lactate found within the samples collected.

02

Conditions studied

  • Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) Training Effects
03

In context

Lead sponsor

Andrews Research & Education Foundation is the lead sponsor of 20 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.

Of its 6 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 4 (67%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 45 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Volunteer population of healthy males and females aged 18-45.
  2. Subjects consent to attending a total of 14 visits over a time span of seven to nine weeks. The breakdown of the 14 visits is as follows: 1 familiarization session, 12 experimental testing sessions, 1 final session.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Volunteers who have medical history involving one or more of the following medical conditions:

  1. Diabetes
  2. Uncontrolled hypertension
  3. disorders
  4. Blood disorders
  5. Ongoing infectious disease
  6. Cancer
  7. Any disorder requiring treatment
  8. usage
  9. Significant cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal disease.
  10. Volunteers where 20 minutes of intense exercise is will also be excluded from the study.
  11. Positive pregnancy test
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Autoimmune disease

A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.

Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.

Immunosuppression

A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.

Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Health services research
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
15 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Healthy

    This group consists of all participants in this study. Subjects must be healthy, and gender is not a factor for enrollment.

    Device: Delfi Personalized Tourniquet System

Interventions

  • DeviceDelfi Personalized Tourniquet System

    Bilateral proximal thigh bands that will be applied and inflated to a pressure of 80% of occlusive pressure as determined by the automated tourniquet before exercise. A standard exercise session would not include any blood occlusion.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Concentration of Blood Lactate

    Allows researchers insight into each subject's exertion level reflected by the amount of lactate found within the samples collected.

    Time frame: 1 week after enrollment

  2. Concentration of Blood Lactate

    Allows researchers insight into each subject's exertion level reflected by the amount of lactate found within the samples collected.

    Time frame: 2 weeks after enrollment

  3. Concentration of Blood Lactate

    Allows researchers insight into each subject's exertion level reflected by the amount of lactate found within the samples collected.

    Time frame: 3 weeks after enrollment

  4. Concentration of Blood Lactate

    Allows researchers insight into each subject's exertion level reflected by the amount of lactate found within the samples collected.

    Time frame: 4 weeks after enrollment

  5. Concentration of Blood Lactate

    Allows researchers insight into each subject's exertion level reflected by the amount of lactate found within the samples collected.

    Time frame: 5 weeks after enrollment

  6. Concentration of Blood Lactate

    Allows researchers insight into each subject's exertion level reflected by the amount of lactate found within the samples collected.

    Time frame: 6 weeks after enrollment

  7. Prevalence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    Technique completed using special machine that utilizes lasers to separate and quantify various content of cell samples; used in this study to determine complete blood cell count (CBC) and peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cell concentration

    Time frame: 1 week after enrollment

  8. Prevalence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    Technique completed using special machine that utilizes lasers to separate and quantify various content of cell samples; used in this study to determine complete blood cell count (CBC) and peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cell concentration

    Time frame: 2 weeks after enrollment

  9. Prevalence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    Technique completed using special machine that utilizes lasers to separate and quantify various content of cell samples; used in this study to determine complete blood cell count (CBC) and peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cell concentration

    Time frame: 3 weeks after enrollment

  10. Prevalence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    Technique completed using special machine that utilizes lasers to separate and quantify various content of cell samples; used in this study to determine complete blood cell count (CBC) and peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cell concentration

    Time frame: 4 weeks after enrollment

  11. Prevalence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    Technique completed using special machine that utilizes lasers to separate and quantify various content of cell samples; used in this study to determine complete blood cell count (CBC) and peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cell concentration

    Time frame: 5 weeks after enrollment

  12. Prevalence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    Technique completed using special machine that utilizes lasers to separate and quantify various content of cell samples; used in this study to determine complete blood cell count (CBC) and peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cell concentration

    Time frame: 6 weeks after enrollment

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Publications

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  • Zakrzewski JL, van den Brink MR, Hubbell JA. Overcoming immunological barriers in regenerative medicine. Nat Biotechnol. 2014 Aug;32(8):786-94. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2960. PubMed 25093888 ↗
  • Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res. 1991 Sep;9(5):641-50. doi: 10.1002/jor.1100090504. PubMed 1870029 ↗
  • Marycz K, Mierzejewska K, Smieszek A, Suszynska E, Malicka I, Kucia M, Ratajczak MZ. Endurance Exercise Mobilizes Developmentally Early Stem Cells into Peripheral Blood and Increases Their Number in Bone Marrow: Implications for Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:5756901. doi: 10.1155/2016/5756901. Epub 2015 Nov 9. PubMed 26664409 ↗
  • Agha NH, Baker FL, Kunz HE, Graff R, Azadan R, Dolan C, Laughlin MS, Hosing C, Markofski MM, Bond RA, Bollard CM, Simpson RJ. Vigorous exercise mobilizes CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells to peripheral blood via the beta2-adrenergic receptor. Brain Behav Immun. 2018 Feb;68:66-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 7. PubMed 29017969 ↗
  • Callanan MC, Plummer HA, Chapman GL, Opitz TJ, Rendos NK, Anz AW. Blood Flow Restriction Training Using the Delfi System Is Associated With a Cellular Systemic Response. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2020 Dec 27;3(1):e189-e198. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2020.09.009. eCollection 2021 Feb. PubMed 33615264 ↗
  • Hwang NS, Zhang C, Hwang YS, Varghese S. Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and roles in regenerative medicine. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2009 Jul-Aug;1(1):97-106. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.26. PubMed 20835984 ↗
  • Docheva D, Popov C, Mutschler W, Schieker M. Human mesenchymal stem cells in contact with their environment: surface characteristics and the integrin system. J Cell Mol Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;11(1):21-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00001.x. PubMed 17367499 ↗
  • Rochefort GY, Delorme B, Lopez A, Herault O, Bonnet P, Charbord P, Eder V, Domenech J. Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells are mobilized into peripheral blood by hypoxia. Stem Cells. 2006 Oct;24(10):2202-8. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0164. Epub 2006 Jun 15. PubMed 16778152 ↗
  • Hylden C, Burns T, Stinner D, Owens J. Blood flow restriction rehabilitation for extremity weakness: a case series. J Spec Oper Med. 2015 Spring;15(1):50-6. PubMed 25770798 ↗
  • Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Ishii N. Applications of vascular occlusion diminish disuse atrophy of knee extensor muscles. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Dec;32(12):2035-9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200012000-00011. PubMed 11128848 ↗
  • Vechin FC, Libardi CA, Conceicao MS, Damas FR, Lixandrao ME, Berton RP, Tricoli VA, Roschel HA, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MP, Ugrinowitsch C. Comparisons between low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction and high-intensity resistance training on quadriceps muscle mass and strength in elderly. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Apr;29(4):1071-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000703. PubMed 25264670 ↗
  • Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Sato Y, Takebayashi S, Tanaka Y, Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Jun;88(6):2097-106. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2097. PubMed 10846023 ↗
  • Feriche B, Garcia-Ramos A, Morales-Artacho AJ, Padial P. Resistance Training Using Different Hypoxic Training Strategies: a Basis for Hypertrophy and Muscle Power Development. Sports Med Open. 2017 Dec;3(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40798-017-0078-z. Epub 2017 Mar 17. PubMed 28315193 ↗
  • Kaijser L, Sundberg CJ, Eiken O, Nygren A, Esbjornsson M, Sylven C, Jansson E. Muscle oxidative capacity and work performance after training under local leg ischemia. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Aug;69(2):785-7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.785. PubMed 2146245 ↗
  • Farup J, de Paoli F, Bjerg K, Riis S, Ringgard S, Vissing K. Blood flow restricted and traditional resistance training performed to fatigue produce equal muscle hypertrophy. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015 Dec;25(6):754-63. doi: 10.1111/sms.12396. Epub 2015 Jan 21. PubMed 25603897 ↗
  • Ellefsen S, Hammarstrom D, Strand TA, Zacharoff E, Whist JE, Rauk I, Nygaard H, Vegge G, Hanestadhaugen M, Wernbom M, Cumming KT, Ronning R, Raastad T, Ronnestad BR. Blood flow-restricted strength training displays high functional and biological efficacy in women: a within-subject comparison with high-load strength training. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2015 Oct;309(7):R767-79. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00497.2014. Epub 2015 Jul 22. PubMed 26202071 ↗
  • de Freitas MC, Gerosa-Neto J, Zanchi NE, Lira FS, Rossi FE. Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: Practical applications. World J Methodol. 2017 Jun 26;7(2):46-54. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v7.i2.46. eCollection 2017 Jun 26. PubMed 28706859 ↗
  • Vanwye WR, Weatherholt AM, Mikesky AE. Blood Flow Restriction Training: Implementation into Clinical Practice. Int J Exerc Sci. 2017 Sep 1;10(5):649-654. doi: 10.70252/LYGQ7085. eCollection 2017. PubMed 28966705 ↗
  • Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Rossow LM, Abe T, Bemben MG. The anabolic benefits of venous blood flow restriction training may be induced by muscle cell swelling. Med Hypotheses. 2012 Jan;78(1):151-4. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.014. Epub 2011 Nov 1. PubMed 22051111 ↗
  • Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, Loenneke JP, Naimo MA. Practical blood flow restriction training increases acute determinants of hypertrophy without increasing indices of muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Nov;27(11):3068-75. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828a1ffa. PubMed 23446173 ↗
  • Loenneke JP, Abe T, Wilson JM, Thiebaud RS, Fahs CA, Rossow LM, Bemben MG. Blood flow restriction: an evidence based progressive model (Review). Acta Physiol Hung. 2012 Sep;99(3):235-50. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.99.2012.3.1. PubMed 22982712 ↗
  • Reeves GV, Kraemer RR, Hollander DB, Clavier J, Thomas C, Francois M, Castracane VD. Comparison of hormone responses following light resistance exercise with partial vascular occlusion and moderately difficult resistance exercise without occlusion. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Dec;101(6):1616-22. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00440.2006. Epub 2006 Aug 10. PubMed 16902061 ↗
  • Inagaki Y, Madarame H, Neya M, Ishii N. Increase in serum growth hormone induced by electrical stimulation of muscle combined with blood flow restriction. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Nov;111(11):2715-21. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-1899-y. Epub 2011 Mar 12. PubMed 21399959 ↗
  • Schoenfeld BJ. Potential mechanisms for a role of metabolic stress in hypertrophic adaptations to resistance training. Sports Med. 2013 Mar;43(3):179-94. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0017-1. PubMed 23338987 ↗
  • Pearson SJ, Hussain SR. A review on the mechanisms of blood-flow restriction resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy. Sports Med. 2015 Feb;45(2):187-200. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0264-9. PubMed 25249278 ↗
  • Manini TM, Yarrow JF, Buford TW, Clark BC, Conover CF, Borst SE. Growth hormone responses to acute resistance exercise with vascular restriction in young and old men. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2012 Oct;22(5):167-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ghir.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 Jun 23. PubMed 22727808 ↗
  • Takano H, Morita T, Iida H, Asada K, Kato M, Uno K, Hirose K, Matsumoto A, Takenaka K, Hirata Y, Eto F, Nagai R, Sato Y, Nakajima T. Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle blood flow. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 Sep;95(1):65-73. doi: 10.1007/s00421-005-1389-1. Epub 2005 Jun 15. PubMed 15959798 ↗
  • Takarada Y, Nakamura Y, Aruga S, Onda T, Miyazaki S, Ishii N. Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Jan;88(1):61-5. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.61. PubMed 10642363 ↗
  • Ganesan G, Cotter JA, Reuland W, Cerussi AE, Tromberg BJ, Galassetti P. Effect of blood flow restriction on tissue oxygenation during knee extension. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Jan;47(1):185-93. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000393. PubMed 24870580 ↗
  • Scott BR, Slattery KM, Sculley DV, Dascombe BJ. Hypoxia and resistance exercise: a comparison of localized and systemic methods. Sports Med. 2014 Aug;44(8):1037-54. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0177-7. PubMed 24715613 ↗
  • Narici MV, Kayser B. Hypertrophic response of human skeletal muscle to strength training in hypoxia and normoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1995;70(3):213-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00238566. PubMed 7607195 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Aug 2022 to primary completion in Nov 2023, 15 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 28, 2022
First posted
Oct 9, 2025
StartActual
Aug 16, 2022
Primary completionActual
Nov 20, 2023
CompletionEst.
Nov 20, 2026
Last update
Dec 8, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 8, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07213726
Lead sponsor
Andrews Research & Education Foundation
Collaborators
Florida
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 9, 2025
Start date
Aug 16, 2022
Primary completion
Nov 20, 2023
Completion
Nov 20, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Dec 8, 2025

Study contacts

Tyler Opitz, DPT, SCS, CSCS
principal investigator · Physical Therapist

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

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