An interventional study of Meal high in energy density, high in ultra-processed food and Meal high in energy density, low in ultra-processed food in Appetite and Obesity and Obesity-related Medical Conditions, sponsored by Göteborg University. Recruiting at 1 site in Sweden. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 50 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-09.
Sponsored by Göteborg University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
Among 23 studies in Obesity by Göteborg University — 5 open to participants now, 6 under way, none of them phase 3. Obesity · Göteborg University.
Among the 23 studies in Obesity by Göteborg University, this one is the 18th largest by planned enrollment of the 19 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 2 that started in 2025, is one of 13 with no phase, and was the 22nd registered.
11,529 studies on the registry are indexed under Obesity; 2,035 are open to participants now.
Browse Obesity studies →5 of the 23 studies in Obesity by Göteborg University are open now, in 1 country. Recruiting first, the newest first:
Göteborg University · Sites in Sweden
Ages 18–60
Göteborg University · Sites in Sweden
Ages 18+
Göteborg University · Sites in Sweden
Ages 18–65 · Healthy volunteers
Göteborg University · Sites in Sweden
Ages 18–60
By country, each count listing its studies:
Of the 1,336 Obesity studies recruiting now, 377 (28%) set no upper age limit and 856 (64%) stop at 75 or younger; 166 take children under 18; 488 take healthy volunteers.
This study: 18 Years to 50 Years · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.
The full table on the hub →This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.
23 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.
First in 1987; this study’s year is marked. 2 started in 2025.
By drug class, each counting the studies that test any of its medicines:
This study's planned enrollment of 24 is below the median of 67 across 9,010 interventional studies indexed under Obesity.
Median enrollment 85 across the 19 interventional studies, 60 across the 4 observational. Of the 14 that completed or were terminated, 0 (0%) have results posted.
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Göteborg University is the lead sponsor of 270 studies on the registry; 46 are open to participants now.
1 of the studies in Obesity by Göteborg University that are under way reach primary completion within a year, 0 of them phase 3. Phase 3 first, then by date:
| Study | Primary completion |
|---|---|
| NCT07213245Göteborg UniversityMetabolic Effects of Short-term Ultra-processed Food Intake (MEST-UPF) | 2026-12-31 |
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Among the 23 studies in Obesity by Göteborg University, from their registry updates:
Nothing recorded among them since 2026-09-25.
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The overall aim of this project is to study the effects of short-term high ultra-processed food intake, compared to nutrient- and energy density matched low ultra-processed food (UPF) intake, on energy intake and appetite.
A total of 24 men and women who meet all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will be invited to participate. A randomized 2*2 factorial four-way crossover study will be conducted at the Department of Internal medicine and Clinical Nutrition at the University of Gothenburg, comparing a high-UPF meal to a low-UPF meal also with high and/or low energy density. A supervised breakfast meal will be served, and postprandial blood samples and appetite measures will be collected continuously up to 4 hours after the breakfast meal. Subsequently, an ad libitum lunch meal will be served, and energy intake will be recorded.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hemoglobin (Hb)
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Meal high in energy density, high in ultra-processed food
Other: Meal high in energy density, high in ultra-processed food
Meal high in energy density, low in ultra-processed food
Other: Meal high in energy density, low in ultra-processed food
Meal low in energy density, high in ultra-processed food
Other: Meal low in energy density, high in ultra-processed food
Meal low in energy density, low in ultra-processed food
Other: Meal low in energy density, low in ultra-processed food
Meal high in energy density, high in ultra-processed food
Meal high in energy density, low in ultra-processed food
Meal low in energy density, high in ultra-processed food
Meal low in energy density, low in ultra-processed food
Self-reported appetite
Appetite ratings (hunger, fullness, and desire to eat) will be assessed using separate 100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), anchored with "not at all" (0 mm) and "extremely" (100 mm). Higher scores indicate greater perceived intensity.
Time frame: Baseline to 8 hours after test meal
Energy intake
Energy intake estimated by nutrient calculation of leftover food at the ad libitum lunch meal
Time frame: 4 hours after test meal
Gastrointestinal hormones - incretins
Difference between groups in incretins GIP and GLP-1 in response to meal
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Gastrointestinal hormones - cholecystokinin
Difference between groups in cholecystokinin in response to meal
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Gastrointestinal hormones - peptide YY
Difference between groups in peptide YY (PYY) in response to meal
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Gastrointestinal hormones - ghrelin
Difference between groups in ghrelin in response to meal
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Eating rate
Time it takes to eat the study meal until satisfied
Time frame: Baseline til end of study meal
Glucose postprandial
Difference between groups in postprandial glucose in response to meal.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Insulin postprandial
Difference between groups in postprandial insulin in response to meal.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Lipid metabolism
Difference between groups in postprandial lipid metabolism in response to meal.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Metabolome
Differences between groups in metabolome (plasma) measured using metabolomics in response to meals.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Proteome
Differences between groups in proteome (plasma) measured using proteomics in response to meals.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Self-reported prospective energy intake
Self-reported prospective energy intake during the remainder of the day
Time frame: From 30 min until midnight or bedtime (which ever comes first)
Inflammatory markers in blood - cytokines
Differences between groups in immunological responses (cytokines) in response to meal.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Inflammatory markers in blood - lipopolysaccharides
Differences between groups in immunological responses (lipopolysaccharides) in response to meal.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Inflammatory markers in blood - GlycA
Differences between groups in immunological responses (GlycA) in response to meal.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Lipid profile
Differences between groups in lipid profile (plasma) measured using lipidomics in response to meals.
Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal
Determinants of energy intake - proteome
Correlation between baseline proteome measured using proteomics and the primary outcome energy intake
Time frame: Baseline
Determinants of energy intake - metabolome
Correlation between baseline metabolome measured using metabolomics and primary outcome energy intake
Time frame: Baseline
Determinants of energy intake - body composition
Correlation between baseline body composition (fat percentage and fat free mass percentage) measured using Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and primary outcome energy intake
Time frame: Baseline
Determinants of energy intake - metabolic markers
Correlation between baseline metabolic markers, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides measured via standard clinical chemistry methods, and primary outcome energy intake
Time frame: Baseline
Determinants of energy intake - physical activity
Correlation between baseline self-reported physical activity and primary outcome energy intake
Time frame: Baseline
Determinants of energy intake - diet
Correlation between baseline diet (macro- and micronutrient intake, dietary patterns, food group intake) estimated from a 4-day dietary record and primary outcome energy intake
Time frame: Baseline
Determinants of energy intake - microbiome
Correlation between baseline gut microbiome composition-assessed using metagenomic shotgun sequencing and 16S rRNA analysis-and the primary outcome of energy intake.
Time frame: Baseline
Plan to share: Undecided
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
Started Dec 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2026, 12 months after the start.
Of 3,683 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Obesity, half reached primary completion within 23 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 43. This study's planned 12 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 3,846 studies reached it within 22 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 42.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
Eligibility is decided by the study team. Share this record with your doctor or contact the team directly.
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