An interventional study of Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music) in Cesarean Section; Dehiscence and Postoperative Pain, sponsored by Selcuk University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 45 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-09-10.
Sponsored by Selcuk University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of music listening on anxiety and pain among women following cesarean delivery. A total of 110 women who had undergone cesarean section were included. Beginning at the 24th postpartum hour, participants in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical music for 15 minutes every hour, while no intervention was applied to the control group. The study was designed to determine whether music listening could influence postpartum anxiety and perceived pain.
Postpartum women undergoing cesarean section often experience significant levels of anxiety and pain, which can negatively affect recovery and maternal-infant bonding. In addition to pharmacological methods, non-pharmacological strategies such as music listening may play an important role in supporting women during this period. In this study, 110 women who had undergone cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Starting at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour, women in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., works by Mozart, Vivaldi, and Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour. The control group received no intervention. Participants' demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, while postpartum anxiety and pain perception were assessed with the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The primary outcome was anxiety, and the secondary outcome was pain perception. The study sought to assess whether a music-based, culturally appropriate, non-pharmacological intervention could be an effective component of routine postpartum care following cesarean delivery.
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This study's enrollment of 110 is above the median of 75 across 4,344 interventional studies indexed under Pain, Postoperative.
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Primiparous (first-time mothers)
Underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia
Mentally healthy and able to communicate
No hearing impairments (able to hear the music intervention)
No chronic illnesses
No complications during labor for mother or newborn
Proficient in Turkish
Voluntarily agreed to participate and provided informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
Multiparous women (previous childbirth experience)
Women who used non-routine analgesics beyond standard postpartum pain relievers
Presence of psychiatric disorders or severe mental illness
Medical complications during or after delivery for mother or infant
Hearing impairments preventing participation in music listening
Women unwilling or unable to comply with the intervention protocol
Women in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., works by Mozart, Vivaldi, and Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour, starting at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour.
Behavioral: Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music)
Women in the control group received routine postpartum care without any additional intervention.
Participants listened to a standardized playlist of relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., Mozart, Vivaldi, Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour, beginning at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour. The intervention aimed to reduce postpartum anxiety and pain perception.
Also known as: Experimental - Music Listening
Postpartum Anxiety
Measured using the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) at the 48th postpartum hour. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety.
Time frame: 48th postpartum hour
Pain Catastrophizing
Measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) at the 48th postpartum hour. Higher scores indicate greater pain catastrophizing.
Time frame: 48th postpartum hour
Total Duration of Music Listening
Total number of minutes of music listened by participants in the intervention group across the intervention period.
Time frame: Between the 24th and 48th postpartum hour
Plan to share: No — Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared.
This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Selcuk University