ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT07130032reICBUpdated Aug 19, 2025

Efficacy And Safety Of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Antibodies In Combination With Bevacizumab And Metronomic Cyclophosphamide In Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer And Cutaneous Melanoma Previously Treated With Immune Checkpoint Blockade

A Phase 2 interventional study of reICB regimen (NSCLC) and reICB regimen (melanoma) in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma, sponsored by EuroCityClinic LLC. Recruiting at 1 site in Russia. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-08-19.

Sponsored by EuroCityClinic LLC · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Aug 2025, 1 year 2 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
  • Started Aug 2025; still recruiting 1 year 2 months later.
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
90
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 84 studies in Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung with a site in Russia — 4 open to participants now, 45 under way, 31 of them phase 3. Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung · Russia.

Planned enrollment
74th of 80
90 · median 443
Started
2025
with 1 other
Phase 2
11 of 84
1 open now
Primary completion
2025-08
later than 27 of 44 live
Registered
82nd of 84
by date
Lead sponsor
2 of 84
EuroCityClinic LLC

Among the 84 studies in Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung with a site in Russia, this one is the 74th largest by planned enrollment of the 80 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 2 that started in 2025, is one of 11 in phase 2, reaches primary completion later than 27 of the 44 other live ones, and was the 82nd registered.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

7,620 studies on the registry are indexed under Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; 1,838 are open to participants now.

Browse Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung studies →

Open to participants now

4 of the 84 studies in Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung with a site in Russia are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

All 4 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Russia have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Russia →

Who these studies take

Of the 1,324 Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung studies recruiting now, 986 (74%) set no upper age limit and 226 (17%) stop at 75 or younger; 34 take children under 18; 39 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

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02

Study summary

This study will evaluate efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies combined with bevacizumab and metronomic cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and cutaneous melanoma previously treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). The hypotheses of this study are that a combination of ICB, cyclophosphamide, and bevacizumab prolongs progression-free survival and overall survival, and also increases rates of objective responses and disease control.

Read the detailed description

The main challenge in treating metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and cutaneous melanoma is acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Mechanisms of resistance include loss of antigen expression, defects in the IFN-γ signaling pathway, decreased PD-L1 expression, and upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints. Additionally, changes in the tumor microenvironment, such as an increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and angiogenesis, create an immunosuppressive environment that reduces T-cell activity.

Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, has demonstrated the ability to "normalize" tumor vasculature, thereby improving perfusion, reducing hypoxia, and facilitating immune cell infiltration into tumors. Results from several phase III trials in renal cell carcinoma, NSCLC, and hepatocellular carcinoma have shown that combining PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies with anti-VEGF therapy significantly improves ORR and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to using either immunotherapy alone or standard chemotherapy.

Metronomic chemotherapy involves administering low doses of cytotoxic agents continuously. This therapy targets tumor endothelial cells and modulates the immune milieu rather than direct cytotoxic elimination of malignant cells. Metronomic cyclophosphamide specifically depletes cells and activates effector cells. Additionally, metronomic cyclophosphamide can boost antigen presentation by activating dendritic cells, enhancing anti-tumor T-cell responses. In preclinical NSCLC models, combining metronomic cyclophosphamide with PD-1 blockade led to lasting tumor regression. This was due to the antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties of metronomic cyclophosphamide, resulting in reduced microvessel density and increased CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration.

Targeting multiple pathways of acquired resistance simultaneously with three agents can result in synergistic effects. This approach can convert immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" ones. In preclinical studies, combining PD-L1 blockade with VEGF blockade increased T-cell infiltration and remodeled the vasculature, while combining PD-L1 blockade with metronomic chemotherapy improved antigen presentation and increased the ratio of effector-to-regulatory T-cells. In our recent retrospective study of 43 patients with metastatic NSCLC previously treated with ICIs, the safety and efficacy of rechallenging with ICIs and metronomic cyclophosphamide with or without bevacizumab were evaluated. The combination of ICIs with cyclophosphamide produced an ORR of 16.7%, a DCR of 75.0%, a median PFS of 5.8 months, and an OS of 15.4 months. In the cohort receiving oral cyclophosphamide plus bevacizumab, the ORR was 26.3%, DCR 78.9%, PFS 6.8 months, and OS 17.6 months. Adverse events related to treatment did not lead to discontinuation of the investigational therapy in either group.

03

Conditions studied

  • Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
  • Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma

Keywords

  • Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
  • Metastatic cutaneous melanoma
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitor
  • Bevacizumab
  • Metronomic cyclophosphamide
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • (ECOG) performance status of 0-2
  • Provide written
  • Age ≥ 18 years
  • confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC and cutaneous melanoma with distant .
  • No mutations in the EGFR gene, ALK, ROS1, RET gene translocations (in case of NSCLC).
  • For NSCLC: the individuals had previously received anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy either in the or sequentially in the first and second lines for the treatment of metastatic disease.
  • For NSCLC: the individuals had previously received anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies for >6 months and experienced disease progression.
  • For cutaneous melanoma: the individuals had previously received antibodies either in combination with or without anti-CTLA4 therapy for metastatic disease. If the patient had the BRAF V600 mutation, they were also treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
  • For cutaneous melanoma: the patient has previously received anti-PD-1 antibodies with or without anti-CTLA4 therapy for metastatic disease for >6 months and experienced disease progression

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of cardiovascular disease: severe or unstable ischemic heart disease, history of myocardial infarction, Class III/IV congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Stroke and/or within 6 months prior to screening;
  • Uncontrolled hypertension
  • History of previous except non-melanoma skin cancers, or in situ cervical or breast cancer unless a complete remission was achieved at least 2 years prior to randomization AND no additional therapy is required during the study period. Patients having hepatic involvement of cancer should be excluded as per investigator assessment.
  • Patients with are eligible only if the are adequately treated.
  • (ANC) \<1.5×109/L, count \<100×109/L, or \<9.0 g/dL.
  • Serum total >1.5 × the (ULN). Participants with Gilbert syndrome, bilirubin \<2 X ULN, and normal /ALT are eligible;
  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >3 × ULN;
  • Serum creatinine >1.5 × ULN.
  • History of a thromboembolic event
  • Presence of any allergic reactions to components of the study drugs
  • Concomitant medications with a known risk of causing and/or Torsades de Pointes.
  • Any parallel anti-cancer systemic therapy, radiation therapy
  • Women who are pregnant or lactating;
  • Presence of unresolved adverse events of grade 2 or higher toxicity, according to v5.0 criteria, from prior therapy (except for alopecia or neurotoxicity grade≤2).
  • Any other serious or uncontrolled medical disorder, active infection, physical examination finding, laboratory finding, altered mental status, or psychiatric condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would limit a patient's ability to comply with the study requirements, substantially increase risk to the patient, or impact the interpretability of study results.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(19)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

ECOG performance status

A scale of how much an illness limits everyday activity. For people being assessed to join a study, scores run from 0 (fully active) to 4; lower is more active.

0
Fully active, no restrictions.
1
Limited in strenuous activity, but walking and able to do light work, such as housework or office work.
2
Walking and able to look after yourself, but unable to work; up and about more than half of waking hours.
3
Able to look after yourself only in part; in bed or a chair more than half of waking hours.
4
Unable to look after yourself at all; in bed or a chair all day.

Studies most often ask for 0–1 or 0–2. Your doctor gives the score; the WHO scale uses the same steps. The full scale also has 5, which records death.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Histologically or cytologically confirmed

The diagnosis was confirmed by looking at a sample under a microscope: tissue from a biopsy or surgery (histology), or cells from a fluid or needle sample (cytology).

Your pathology report is the document that shows this.

Metastases

Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.

Line of therapy

A line of therapy is one course of treatment, which may combine several drugs. First-line is the first course given; second-line follows when that stops working or is not tolerated.

“Two prior lines” means two courses that count separately under the study’s rules — not simply two drugs. Ask the study team if you are unsure how yours are counted.

PD-1, PD-L1 and checkpoint inhibitors

PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are proteins that act as brakes on the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab, block them so the immune system can attack a cancer.

PD-L1 can also be measured in a tumour sample. Some scores count stained tumour cells only (TPS); others also count certain immune cells (CPS). The study names the score and the minimum it uses.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

TIA (transient ischaemic attack)

A “mini-stroke”: temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by reduced blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or eye, without signs of a new stroke on a scan.

Stroke symptoms need emergency care at once, even if they go away.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

Brain metastases

Cancer deposits in the brain from a cancer that started elsewhere in the body (CNS metastases include the spinal cord).

Studies differ: some leave out any brain metastases, some accept ones treated and stable for some weeks. Check what this study allows.

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)

The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.

It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.

Platelets

Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

Bilirubin

A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.

Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

ALT and AST (liver enzymes)

Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.

Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.

QT and QTc

On an ECG, the QT interval is the time the heart’s lower chambers take to activate electrically and recover in each beat. QTc is that time adjusted for heart rate (QTcF by Fridericia’s formula, QTcB by Bazett’s). Some medicines lengthen it, and a long QTc can raise the risk of a dangerous heart rhythm.

The study may name a correction formula and a limit in milliseconds, often around 450–480.

CTCAE grade

The US National Cancer Institute’s scale of how severe an adverse event is — any unwanted medical event during a study, such as a symptom, an illness or an abnormal test result, whether or not a treatment caused it. Whether it did is judged separately.

1
Mild.
2
Moderate.
3
Severe.
4
Life-threatening.
5
Death due to the event.

“Side effects of earlier treatment resolved to grade 1 or less” means they have settled to mild or gone.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
90 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    NSCLC (n=60)

    The cohort of individuals with metastatic NSCLC will be treated with the reICB regimen (anti-PD(L)-1 antibodies+ cyclophosphamide+ bevacizumab) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

    Combination Product: reICB regimen (NSCLC)

  • Experimental
    melanoma (n=30)

    The cohort of individuals with metastatic cutaneous melanoma will be treated with the reICB regimen (anti-PD(L)-1 antibodies+ cyclophosphamide+ bevacizumab) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

    Combination Product: reICB regimen (melanoma)

Interventions

  • Combination productreICB regimen (NSCLC)

    * ICI (one of the following): Atezolizumab 1200 mg every 3 weeks/Nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks/Pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks * Cyclophosphamide 50 mg PO daily * Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks

  • Combination productreICB regimen (melanoma)

    * ICI (one of the following): Nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks/Pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks * Cyclophosphamide 50 mg PO daily * Bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks

This study also gives Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Atezolizumab. No intervention listed here names it: that was found by reading the record.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Objective Response Rate (ORR) Per immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST)

    objective response rate (ORR) was defined as the proportion of participants whose best overall outcome included a confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). PR corresponds to a minimum 30% reduction in the total diameter of target lesions compared to the baseline measurements. CR indicates the total disappearance of all identified target lesions. Additionally, any pathological lymph nodes (classified as target or non-target) must shrink to a short axis measurement below 10 millimeters (mm).

    Time frame: From randomization until the first documentation of best overall response (up to 24 months)

  2. Progression-free Survival (PFS) Per immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST)

    Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from randomization to the initial occurrence of documented disease progression (PD) or death from any cause, whichever occurs earlier. PD was characterized by at least a 20% enlargement in the total diameter of target lesions compared to the smallest sum recorded during the study, along with an absolute increase of 5 mm or more. The development of any new lesions was also classified as PD.

    Time frame: From randomization until the first documentation of objective progression or death, whichever comes first (up to 24 months)

  3. Overall Survival (OS)

    Overall survival (OS) was measured as the duration (in months) from date of randomization to death resulting from any cause. Participants who had not experienced death by the time of data analysis were censored at their most recent confirmed date of survival.

    Time frame: From randomization until the first documentation of objective progression or death, whichever comes first (up to 24 months)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Disease Control Rate (DCR) Per immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST)

    DCR defined as the proportion of participants with confirmed complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) as their best overall response. PR: A reduction of at least 30% in the total diameter of target lesions relative to the initial baseline measurements. CR: The complete resolution of all identified target lesions. Pathological lymph nodes (target or non-target) must also exhibit a short axis reduction to under 10 mm. SD: Lesions showing neither sufficient shrinkage to meet PR criteria nor sufficient growth to qualify as progressive disease (PD), using the smallest total lesion size recorded during the study as the reference point. PD: Defined as a minimum 20% increase in the total diameter of target lesions compared to the lowest recorded measurement (nadir), which must also include an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. The emergence of new lesions also constitutes PD.

    Time frame: From randomization until the first documentation of objective progression or death, whichever comes first (up to 24 months)

  2. Duration of Response (DOR) Per immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST)

    DOR was measured as the time (in months) from the initial documentation of a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) until the first confirmed instance of disease progression (PD) or death from any cause, whichever occurred earlier.

    Time frame: From randomization until the first documentation of objective progression or death, whichever comes first (up to 24 months)

  3. Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious TEAEs

    An adverse event (AE) refers to any unfavorable or unintended medical event experienced by a participant in a clinical trial involving a medicinal product, regardless of whether it is causally linked to the treatment. A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an AE that: began on or after the start of treatment, had an unspecified onset date, existed prior to treatment but worsened in severity after treatment initiation, continuing until 30 days after the final dose of the study drug or the start of subsequent anti-tumor therapy (whichever occurred first). Additionally, serious adverse events (SAEs) deemed treatment-related were classified as TEAEs even if they occurred after this 30-day period. AEs with missing or unreported onset dates were also categorized as TEAEs. Adverse events were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0.

    Time frame: From start of study drug administration up to approximately 38 months

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Aug 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Aug 2025, 0 months after the start.

Of 730 non-industry phase 2 interventional studies under Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, half reached primary completion within 56 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 36 and three quarters within 84. This study's planned 0 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,047 studies reached it within 48 months; a quarter within 30 and three quarters within 76.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 14, 2025
First posted
Aug 19, 2025
StartActual
Aug 14, 2025
Primary completionEst.
Aug 14, 2025
CompletionEst.
Dec 2027
Last update
Aug 19, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 19, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07130032
Lead sponsor
EuroCityClinic LLC
Collaborators
First Pavlov State Medical University in St. Petersburg, Russia
Responsible party
Aram Musaelyan (PhD, medical onсologist, EuroCityClinic LLC) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 19, 2025
Start date
Aug 14, 2025
Primary completion
Aug 14, 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 19, 2025

Study contacts

Sergey V. Orlov, Professor
Contact
orloff-sv@mail.ru
+79811957915
Aram A. Musaelyan, PhD
Contact
a.musaelyan8@gmail.com
+79990263455
Sergey V. Orlov, Professor
principal investigator · EuroCityClinic LLC

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drugs tested here: Pembrolizumab · Nivolumab · Atezolizumab

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