An interventional study of Eupnea and Intermittent inspiratory muscle training (IIMT) in Intermittent Inspiratory Muscle Training and Eupnea, sponsored by National Taiwan Normal University. Not yet recruiting. Open to participants aged 20 Years to 45 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-06.
Sponsored by National Taiwan Normal University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether inspiratory muscle training has an immediate effect on energy expenditure, heart rate, blood glucose, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in healthy adults, obese adults, and adults with type 2 diabetes.
Participants will be asked to complete two trials involving intermittent exercise, which will include eupnea and inspiratory muscle training (IMT), as well as a resting control condition, in a randomized crossover study design. The trials will be separated by a minimum of 48 hours and will be completed within a 7-day period. Throughout all trials, participants will be required to remain relaxed and seated on an adjustable examination bed. For the IMT intensity, participants will utilize an inspiratory muscle training device (PowerBreathe Plus, Powerbreathe International Ltd., UK) and adjust the resistance to a level at which breathing continuously for 20 breaths is perceived as "somewhat hard" (RPE = 13), according to the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. This will take place during a 3.5-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). During the trials, participants may watch television or read; however, typing on a laptop or computer will be prohibited.
National Taiwan Normal University is the lead sponsor of 62 studies on the registry; 15 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria
Participants will breathe normally.
Behavioral: Eupnea
Intermittent inspiratory muscle training (IMT) will be conducted throughout the trial
Behavioral: Intermittent inspiratory muscle training (IIMT)
Participants will breathe normally.
Intermittent inspiratory muscle training (IIMT) will be conducted throughout the trial
Blood glycaemic responses
Changes in blood glycaemic responses between trials
Time frame: 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 120, and 210 minutes during the 210-minute trial
Pulse wave velocity (PWV)
Changes in pulse wave velocity between trials
Time frame: 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 90, 150, and 210 minutes during the 210-minute trial
Energy expenditure
Changes in energy expenditure between trials
Time frame: First 90 minutes during the 210-minute trial
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Changes in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) between trials
Time frame: In a regular patterns during the 210-minute trial
Visual analogue scale (VAS)
Changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) ranged from 0 to 100 mm, with higher values indicating a greater intensity of sensation between trials.
Time frame: Every 30 minutes during the 210-minute trial
Perceived stress scale (PSS)
Changes in perceived stress scale (PSS) with higher values indicating a greater intensity of sensation between trials.
Time frame: Every 30 minutes during the 210-minute trial
No study locations are listed for this record.
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Feb 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.
Sign in to followQuestions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.
Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.
Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.
National Taiwan Normal University