ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT07093034SANS-PVCUpdated Aug 7, 2026

Sustained Auricular Nerve Stimulation for PVC Suppression

An interventional study of Extended nocturnal use of auricular vagus nerve stimulator device in Premature Ventricular Complexes, PVC - Premature Ventricular Contraction and Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation, sponsored by University of California, San Diego. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-07.

Sponsored by University of California, San Diego · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
16
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation has been clinically tested for the treatment cardiac arrhythmias. However, prior studies have shown mixed results-possibly in part due to inadequate stimulation duration. Therefore, we have designed an investigator-initiated early feasibility study to evaluate safety, tolerability, and compliance with prolonged, nocturnal auricular nerve stimulation using the Parasym device.

Read the detailed description

The study will utilize the Parasym transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation device. This small, battery-powered device delivers electrical stimulation through an ear clip attached to the tragus. Participants will self-administer the stimulation once daily, at bedtime, for 6 continuous hours. The device has two settings to facilitate our RCT: active treatment and sham control. After one month in the first treatment arm, participants will be crossed over to the other arm of the study. Participants and outcome assessors will be blinded to the allocation. The primary outcomes will be assessed via standardized questionnaires administered by blinded outcome assessors. The secondary outcome of PVC burden will be assessed by non-invasive event monitors.

02

Conditions studied

  • Premature Ventricular Complexes
  • PVC - Premature Ventricular Contraction
  • Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Keywords

  • auricular vagus nerve stimulation
  • parasym
  • premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
  • Non-invasive neuromodulation
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
  • autonomic nervous system modulation
  • Trancutaneous electrical stimulation
  • Randomized controlled trial
  • heart rate variability
  • feasibility study
03

In context

Ventricular Premature Complexes

102 studies on the registry are indexed under Ventricular Premature Complexes; 32 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 16 is below the median of 84 across 58 interventional studies indexed under Ventricular Premature Complexes.

Browse Ventricular Premature Complexes studies →

Lead sponsor

University of California, San Diego is the lead sponsor of 980 studies on the registry; 195 are open to participants now.

Of its 113 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 71 (63%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Individuals must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible to participate in this study:

Age ≥ 18 years

PVC burden ≥ 5% documented on an event monitor or implanted cardiac device

Provide written

Willingness to comply with all study procedures

Availability for the duration of the study (10 weeks)

Individuals meeting any of the following exclusion criteria at baseline will be excluded from study participation:

Unwilling or unable to provide informed consent for oneself

Last available \< 20%

Class IV symptoms

Acute coronary syndrome within two weeks of randomization

Active pregnancy or breastfeeding

Intention to become pregnant

Statement Regarding Equitable Selection:

This study will not exclude specific populations based on age, sex, race, or ethnicity. The inclusion/exclusion criteria are based on clinical factors relevant to the study intervention and the safety of participants. Limited English proficiency will not be an exclusion criterion, and appropriate translation services will be provided to ensure informed consent and understanding of study procedures.

Terms in these criteria, in plain language(3)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction)

The share of blood the heart’s main pumping chamber (the left ventricle) pushes out with each beat, measured by an echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) or a MUGA scan. About 50–70% is normal.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
16 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Arm 1: Active stimulation followed by crossover to Sham stimulation

    Device: Extended nocturnal use of auricular vagus nerve stimulator device

  • Experimental
    Arm 2: Sham stimulation followed by crossover to Active stimulation

    Device: Extended nocturnal use of auricular vagus nerve stimulator device

Interventions

  • DeviceExtended nocturnal use of auricular vagus nerve stimulator device

    Patients will wear the ParasymTM device with an ear clip on the tragus that provides stimulation at sub-detection threshold.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Safety

    The occurrence of adverse events (AEs) throughout the study - including major, minor, severe adverse events and whether they lead to discontinuation of the device

    Time frame: 10 weeks (duration of entire study)

  2. Tolerability

    Participants will rate tolerability of wearing the device at night at multiple pre-specified time points throughout the study

    Time frame: 10 weeks

  3. Quality of Life

    Participants will rate quality of life at multiple pre-specified time points throughout the study

    Time frame: 10 weeks

  4. Feasibility

    Participants will rate ease of wearing the device at night at multiple pre-specified time points throughout the study

    Time frame: 10 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. PVC burden

    PVC burden will be tracked by event monitoring at pre-specified time points throughout the study

    Time frame: 10 weeks

Other outcomes

  1. PVC Burden stratified by timing

    PVC burden during night time 12 hours and day time 12 hours will be compared to see if there is a significant difference

    Time frame: 10 weeks

  2. Heart rate variability (HRV)

    HRV will be tracked throughout the study via event monitors at prespecified time points

    Time frame: 10 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • UC San Diego Health System
    La Jolla, California 92037, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Kim AY, Marduy A, de Melo PS, Gianlorenco AC, Kim CK, Choi H, Song JJ, Fregni F. Safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 21;12(1):22055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25864-1. PubMed 36543841 ↗
  • Gentile F, Giannoni A, Navari A, Degl'Innocenti E, Emdin M, Passino C. Acute right-sided transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation improves cardio-vagal baroreflex gain in patients with chronic heart failure. Clin Auton Res. 2025 Feb;35(1):75-85. doi: 10.1007/s10286-024-01074-9. Epub 2024 Oct 14. PubMed 39402309 ↗
  • Hua K, Cummings M, Bernatik M, Brinkhaus B, Usichenko T, Dietzel J. Cardiovascular effects of auricular stimulation -a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Front Neurosci. 2023 Sep 1;17:1227858. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1227858. eCollection 2023. PubMed 37727325 ↗
  • Frangos E, Ellrich J, Komisaruk BR. Non-invasive Access to the Vagus Nerve Central Projections via Electrical Stimulation of the External Ear: fMRI Evidence in Humans. Brain Stimul. 2015 May-Jun;8(3):624-36. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.018. Epub 2014 Dec 6. PubMed 25573069 ↗
  • Stavrakis S, Stoner JA, Humphrey MB, Morris L, Filiberti A, Reynolds JC, Elkholey K, Javed I, Twidale N, Riha P, Varahan S, Scherlag BJ, Jackman WM, Dasari TW, Po SS. TREAT AF (Transcutaneous Electrical Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Suppress Atrial Fibrillation): A Randomized Clinical Trial. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020 Mar;6(3):282-291. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2019.11.008. Epub 2020 Jan 29. PubMed 32192678 ↗
  • Stavrakis S, Chakraborty P, Farhat K, Whyte S, Morris L, Abideen Asad ZU, Karfonta B, Anjum J, Matlock HG, Cai X, Yu X. Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2024 Feb;10(2):346-355. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.10.015. Epub 2023 Nov 22. PubMed 37999672 ↗
  • Chakraborty P, Farhat K, Morris L, Whyte S, Yu X, Stavrakis S. Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Simulation in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2023 Dec 13;12:e31. doi: 10.15420/aer.2023.20. eCollection 2023. PubMed 38173801 ↗
  • Premchand RK, Sharma K, Mittal S, Monteiro R, Dixit S, Libbus I, DiCarlo LA, Ardell JL, Rector TS, Amurthur B, KenKnight BH, Anand IS. Autonomic regulation therapy via left or right cervical vagus nerve stimulation in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the ANTHEM-HF trial. J Card Fail. 2014 Nov;20(11):808-16. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.08.009. Epub 2014 Sep 1. PubMed 25187002 ↗
  • Gold MR, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Hauptman PJ, Borggrefe M, Kubo SH, Lieberman RA, Milasinovic G, Berman BJ, Djordjevic S, Neelagaru S, Schwartz PJ, Starling RC, Mann DL. Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Heart Failure: The INOVATE-HF Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Jul 12;68(2):149-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.525. Epub 2016 Apr 4. PubMed 27058909 ↗
  • Zannad F, De Ferrari GM, Tuinenburg AE, Wright D, Brugada J, Butter C, Klein H, Stolen C, Meyer S, Stein KM, Ramuzat A, Schubert B, Daum D, Neuzil P, Botman C, Castel MA, D'Onofrio A, Solomon SD, Wold N, Ruble SB. Chronic vagal stimulation for the treatment of low ejection fraction heart failure: results of the NEural Cardiac TherApy foR Heart Failure (NECTAR-HF) randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2015 Feb 14;36(7):425-33. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu345. Epub 2014 Aug 31. PubMed 25176942 ↗
  • De Ferrari GM, Crijns HJ, Borggrefe M, Milasinovic G, Smid J, Zabel M, Gavazzi A, Sanzo A, Dennert R, Kuschyk J, Raspopovic S, Klein H, Swedberg K, Schwartz PJ; CardioFit Multicenter Trial Investigators. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation: a new and promising therapeutic approach for chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2011 Apr;32(7):847-55. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq391. Epub 2010 Oct 28. PubMed 21030409 ↗
  • Li M, Zheng C, Sato T, Kawada T, Sugimachi M, Sunagawa K. Vagal nerve stimulation markedly improves long-term survival after chronic heart failure in rats. Circulation. 2004 Jan 6;109(1):120-4. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000105721.71640.DA. Epub 2003 Dec 8. PubMed 14662714 ↗
  • Eckberg DL, Drabinsky M, Braunwald E. Defective cardiac parasympathetic control in patients with heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1971 Oct 14;285(16):877-83. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197110142851602. No abstract available. PubMed 4398792 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided — IPD will be shared if requested by the receiving journal or reviewer. We will de-identify the data prior to providing this information.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jul 2025 to primary completion in Jul 2026, 12 months.

Of 32 interventional studies with no phase under Ventricular Premature Complexes, half reached primary completion within 18 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 52. This study's 12 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 14, 2025
First posted
Jul 30, 2025
StartActual
Jul 1, 2025
Primary completionActual
Jul 1, 2026
CompletionActual
Jul 1, 2026
Last update
Aug 7, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 7, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07093034
Collaborators
Parasym Ltd.
Responsible party
Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green (Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 30, 2025
Start date
Jul 1, 2025
Primary completion
Jul 1, 2026
Completion
Jul 1, 2026
Last update
Aug 7, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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