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CompletedNCT07091266Updated Jul 29, 2025

SNM vs. HBOT for Refractory IC/BPS

An interventional study of Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM) and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and Underactive Bladder, sponsored by Shiyan City Renmin Hospital. Completed at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-07-29.

Sponsored by Shiyan City Renmin Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 4 years 5 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Feb 2021, registered Jul 2025).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
88
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study is for people with long-term bladder pain and urinary problems (known as Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome or IC/BPS) that have not improved with other treatments. The study compares two different treatments: Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM), which uses an implanted device to send gentle electrical pulses to nerves controlling the bladder, and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT), where patients breathe pure oxygen in a special chamber. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two groups to help doctors understand which treatment works better to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Read the detailed description

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic, debilitating condition that is often refractory to conventional treatments. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a third-line therapy recognized by AUA/EAU guidelines, while hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an emerging treatment with potential anti-inflammatory benefits. There is a lack of direct comparative evidence between these two modalities. This study prospectively enrolled and randomized 88 patients with refractory IC/BPS to receive either SNM (study group) or HBOT (control group). The primary objective is to compare changes in urinary symptoms, urodynamic parameters, and quality of life scores between the two groups at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. The study aims to provide robust evidence to guide treatment selection for refractory IC/BPS patients who have failed at least two prior therapies.

02

Conditions studied

  • Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
  • Underactive Bladder
03

In context

Cystitis, Interstitial

236 studies on the registry are indexed under Cystitis, Interstitial; 35 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 88 is above the median of 51 across 158 interventional studies indexed under Cystitis, Interstitial.

Browse Cystitis, Interstitial studies →

Lead sponsor

Shiyan City Renmin Hospital is the lead sponsor of 4 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged 18 years or older.
  • Diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) according to AUA/SUFU guidelines, confirmed by cystoscopy with hydrodistention and glomerulations, and/or Hunner's lesions.
  • Failure of at least two prior therapies (e.g., oral medications, intravesical instillations, pelvic floor physical therapy).
  • Willingness to provide written .

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of urinary tract , pelvic organ prolapse ≥ stage III, or urethral stricture.
  • Low-compliance bladder (\<10 mL/cm H₂O), organic bladder outlet obstruction, or active urinary tract infection.
  • to surgery (e.g., coagulopathy, existing pacemaker) or HBOT (e.g., untreated pneumothorax).
  • Pregnancy.
  • Presence of psychiatric disorders or inability to comply with follow-up protocols.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Relapsed and refractory

Relapsed: the illness came back after treatment had worked. Refractory: it did not respond to treatment, or stopped responding while still on it.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
88 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Experimental: Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM) Group

    Patients were randomized to receive sacral neuromodulation therapy. They were followed up at 1 month and 3 months post-procedure.

    Device: Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM)

  • Active comparator
    Active Comparator: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) Group

    Patients were randomized to receive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. They were followed up at 1 month and 3 months post-treatment.

    Procedure: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)

Interventions

  • DeviceSacral Neuromodulation (SNM)

    A standardized two-stage implantation protocol was used. In Stage 1, a temporary lead (InterStim 3093, Medtronic) was implanted at the S3 sacral foramen under fluoroscopic guidance. Patients with ≥50% improvement in urinary symptoms over a 7-day test period proceeded to Stage 2, where a permanent neurostimulator (InterStim 3058, Medtronic) was implanted subcutaneously. Stimulation parameters were adjusted (amplitude: 0.5-10 V; frequency: 14 Hz; pulse width: 210 μs) to optimize symptom control.

  • ProcedureHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)

    Patients received two 20-session courses (5 sessions/week) in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA). Each session consisted of 60 minutes of 100% oxygen inhalation, bracketed by compression and decompression periods.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Daily Urination Frequency

    Measured by a 3-day bladder diary as the average number of voids per 24 hours. A lower value indicates better outcome.

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

  2. Change in Nocturia Frequency

    Measured by a 3-day bladder diary as the average number of nighttime voids. A lower value indicates better outcome.

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

  3. Change from Baseline in Quality of Life Score at 3 Months

    Measured using the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form (ICI-Q-SF). A lower score indicates better quality of life.

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 Months

  4. Change in Pain Severity

    Measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Post-void Residual (PVR) Volume

    Measured by ultrasound in milliliters (mL).

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

  2. Change in Maximum Voided Volume (MVV)

    Measured by a 3-day bladder diary in milliliters (mL).

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

  3. Change in Average Voided Volume (AVV)

    Measured by a 3-day bladder diary in milliliters (mL).

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

  4. Change in Bladder Compliance (BC)

    Measured via urodynamic studies as the change in bladder volume per unit change in pressure. Unit: milliliters per centimeter of water (mL/cm H₂O).

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

  5. Change in Maximum Urethral Closure Pressure (MUCP)

    Measured via urodynamic studies to assess urethral sphincter function. Unit: centimeters of water (cm H₂O).

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

  6. Change in Abdominal Leak Point Pressure (ALPP)

    Measured via urodynamic studies as the intravesical pressure at which urine leakage occurs during a cough or strain. Unit: centimeters of water (cm H₂O).

    Time frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months

  7. Incidence of Adverse Events

    Number of participants experiencing adverse events, such as pain at the implantation site, symptom recurrence, electrode displacement, urinary tract infection, dizziness, or vomiting.

    Time frame: Up to 3 months

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
    Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 29, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07091266
Lead sponsor
Shiyan City Renmin Hospital
Responsible party
Yan Wen (Principal investigator, Shiyan City Renmin Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 29, 2025
Start date
Feb 1, 2021
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2022
Completion
Dec 31, 2022
Last update
Jul 29, 2025

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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