An interventional study of 200 g serving of white chocolate-based confection product in Satiation, Satiety, Postprandial Glycemia and Postprandial Lipemia, sponsored by University of Guelph. Completed at 1 site in Canada. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 45 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-06.
Sponsored by University of Guelph · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science
The goal of this clinical trial is to relate chewing behaviours to food intake and postprandial response for a texturally complex food matrix (almonds in white chocolate) in healthy young females. The main questions it aims to answer are:
This study is investigating how the size and presence of almonds (whole vs. chopped) in a white chocolate matrix affect satiation (termination of eating) and postprandial satiety, glycemia, and lipemia. Over three visits, fasted healthy adult female participants will consume three types of white chocolate bark: one with whole almonds, one with chopped almonds, and one with just chocolate. The amount of each ad libitum meal consumed and eating time will be quantified to compare satiation between the confectionery products. Participants will rate their chewing experiences (e.g., exertion, liking, motivations to stop eating) and feelings of satiety up to 180 minutes using paper questionnaires. Participants will also provide finger prick blood samples for determination of glucose and triacylglycerol levels before and after eating each treatment, i.e., at baseline (0 minutes) and 120 (glucose) and 180 (triacylglycerols) minutes after eating. Overall, this study aims to provide insights into the role of food structure in influencing eating and metabolic response and ultimately how food choices can be optimized for better management of blood sugar, satiety, and lipemia to support cardiometabolic health. It is being complemented by a collaboration with researchers in the Department of Food Science at the University of Guelph (led by Prof. Lisa Duizer) examining sensory perception of these same texturally complex foods and the relationship between oral processing behaviour and bolus properties, as well as by in vitro digestion investigations of digestate properties and nutrient release to enable an integrated understanding linking food structure to eating behaviour and postprandial metabolism.
University of Guelph is the lead sponsor of 70 studies on the registry; 5 are open to participants now.
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The criteria were revised on the registry on Nov 6, 2026. See what changed
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Periods have stopped for good: usually no period for 12 months in a row without another medical reason, sometimes confirmed by a blood test (FSH).
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Postmenopausal
Periods have stopped for good: usually no period for 12 months in a row without another medical reason, sometimes confirmed by a blood test (FSH).
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraception
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Autoimmune disease
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Ad libitum serving with 2.25:1 weight per cent chocolate:almonds
Other: 200 g serving of white chocolate-based confection product
Ad libitum serving
Other: 200 g serving of white chocolate-based confection product
Ad libitum serving with 2.25:1 weight per cent chocolate:almonds
Other: 200 g serving of white chocolate-based confection product
200 g serving of white chocolate-based confection product
Satiation
Weight (g) of chocolate confection consumed during ad libitum meal
Time frame: Baseline
Borg rating of perceived exertion
Paper scale rating of effort required to chew the meal where 0 = No effort at all and 10 = Very very severe chewing effort
Time frame: Immediately after the ad libitum meal is consumed
Eating rate
Calculated from time of eating
Time frame: Immediately after the ad libitum meal is consumed
Blood glucose
Based on finger prick blood analysis
Time frame: Baseline and 2 hours later
Blood triacylglycerols
Based on finger prick blood analysis
Time frame: Baseline and 3 hours later
Postprandial satiety visual analogue scale
Paper questionnaire scale ratings of Hunger, Fullness, Prospective Consumption, and Desire to Eat where each is 100 mm ranging from 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum). For example, 0 = Not at all Hungry and 100 = As Hungry as Possible.
Time frame: Baseline until 180 minutes
Plan to share: No
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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University of Guelph