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RecruitingNCT07040176Updated Jun 27, 2025

Comparison of Distalization of Maxillary First and Second Molars Between a Miniscrew Implant Supported Device and Clear Aligners.

An interventional study of Upper molar distalization in Distalization, Class II Malocclusion and Aligner Therapy, sponsored by Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki. Recruiting at 1 site in Greece. Open to participants aged Up to 30 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-27.

Sponsored by Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
Up to 30 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to compare distalization of maxillary first and second molars achieved with a device supported with mini screw implants in the palate (Advanced Molar Distalization Appliance, AMDA®) with distalization of maxillary first and second molars achieved with clear aligners (Spark®) supported by Class II elastics.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Is there any difference in achieving upper molar distalization with the Advanced Molar Distalization Appliance (AMDA®) supported by miniscrew implants and with clear aligners (Spark®) supported by Class II elastics at the end of active distalization phase?

Is there any difference between the two groups in the anchorage loss at the end of total treatment?

Additionally, the differences in the movements of premolars, canines and incisors will be analyzed in all three planes of space (sagittal, transverse, vertical), as well as the duration of treatment between the two groups and subgroup comparisons will be performed regarding age, gender, presence of maxillary third molars and severity of malocclusion.

Participants will be randomly assigned to the AMDA® or Spark® group. Treatment will take place at the Department of Orthodontics and participants will have to visit the clinic every 4-6 weeks for regular check ups. Intraoral scans, photographs and x-rays (panoramic x-ray, cephalometric x-rays) will be taken before treatment, at the end of active distalization phase and at the end of treatment.

Read the detailed description

The aim of the study is to compare distalization of maxillary first and second molars achieved with the Advanced Molar Distalization Appliance (AMDA®) supported by miniscrew implants with distalization of maxillary first and second molars achieved with clear aligners (Spark®) supported by Class II elastics. All patients will be randomly assigned into two groups:

  • Group I (AMDA®) consisting of patients that will be treated initially for molar distalization with a miniscrew implant supported device (AMDA®) and for anterior teeth retraction (after molar distalization) with the same device and fixed appliances. The miniscrew implants will be inserted in the anterior region of the palate, especially 6-9 mm posterior to the incisive foramen and 3-6 mm paramedian.
  • Group II (Spark®) consisting of patients that will be treated with clear aligners for both molar distalization and anterior teeth retraction.

Lateral cephalometric radiographs of the patients' heads and three-dimensional (3D) intraoral scans of the maxillary and mandibular arches will be taken:

  • before treatment (T1),
  • at the end of active distalization (T2), (active distalization will be completed, when first and second molars will achieve a full Class I molar relationship (not a super-Class I), and
  • at the end of treatment (T3).

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) dental scans will be taken in patients assigned to the AMDA group:

  • before treatment (T1),
  • after miniscrew implant insertion (Tm) CBCT dental scans in T1 will be taken for the 3D evaluation of the anterior palate and the fabrication of a surgical guide for miniscrew implant placement. CBCT dental scans in Tm will verify accuracy of miniscrew implant placement, as well as the existence of enough clearance between miniscrew implants and the roots of upper anterior teeth to ensure a safe retraction of these teeth without the risk of contacting the miniscrew implants and the resulting root resorptions. All CBCT dental scans will be taken in a certified private dental x-ray laboratory.

Completion of orthodontic treatment of all patients will be accomplished when Class I molar and canine relationships, normal overjet and overbite, a good leveling and alignment of the teeth, and a tight occlusion of the posterior teeth will be achieved.

In all these three time points the corresponding 2D and 3D analysis will include:

  • angular and linear measurements of the cephalometric analysis,
  • angular and linear measurements of the virtual dental casts analysis,
  • two-dimensional (2D) superimpositions of the cephalometric tracings, as well as
  • 3D superimpositions of the intraoral scans of the maxillary and mandibular arches.
  • superimposition of CBCT scans

All patients will be treated in the Postgraduate Clinic of the Department of Orthodontics at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki by the applicant (Mrs. Samandara) under the supervision of Professor Papadopoulos. Assistance will be provided by the postgraduate students after insertion of the appliance, during the follow up appointments for checking and re-activating the appliances.

02

Conditions studied

  • Distalization
  • Class II Malocclusion
  • Aligner Therapy
  • Distalization by Miniscrews

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Keywords

  • Class II malocclusion
  • Distalization
  • Orthodontics
  • Aligners
  • Miniscrew implants
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
Up to 30 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients with at least half cusp bilateral Class II malocclusion between upper and lower first molars due to maxillary excess or maxillary protrusion or forward movement of the maxillary posterior teeth, where maxillary molar distalization is indicated.
  • Patients in the permanent dentition period of less than 30 years of age with second molars erupted at least one half.
  • Patients with good general health and healthy periodontium.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with Class II malocclusion between upper and lower first molars due to mandibular deficiency or mandibular retrusion.
  • Patients with less than half cusp bilateral Class II malocclusion between upper and lower first molars.
  • Patients with unilateral Class II malocclusion between upper and lower first molars.
  • Patients with cleft lip and palate or with other craniofacial syndromes.
  • Patients with missing, or congenital missing or supernumerary teeth.
  • Patients with full coverage molar restorations.
  • Patients with previous orthodontic treatment.
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
40 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    AMDA® (Advanced Molar Distalization Appliance)

    The AMDA arm consists of patients that will be treated initially for molar distalization with a miniscrew implant supported device (AMDA®) and for anterior teeth retraction (after molar distalization) with the same device and fixed appliances. The miniscrew implants will be inserted in the anterior region of the palate, especially 6-9 mm posterior to the incisive foramen and 3-6 mm paramedian.

    Procedure: Upper molar distalization

  • Active comparator
    Spark®

    The Spark® arm consists of patients that will be treated with clear aligners and elastics for both molar distalization and anterior teeth retraction.

    Procedure: Upper molar distalization

Interventions

  • ProcedureUpper molar distalization

    This study aims to compare upper molar distalization movement achieved with a non-compliance miniscrew implant supported appliance (AMDA®) with distalization of upper molars achieved with clear aligners (Spark®) supported by Class II elastics.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Linear measurements for anteroposterior changes of maxillary first molar distalization movement at the end of active distalization (until Class I molar relationship is achieved).

    Cephalometric analysis performed in lateral x-rays and cast analysis performed in intraoral scans will provide us with linear measurements assessing the anteroposterior movement of maxillary first molars.

    Time frame: T1: Baseline records (initial records before the beginning of treatment). T2: 8-12 months, end of distalization phase records (records taken at the end of upper molar distalization, when upper first molars will be bilaterally in Class I malocclusion).

  2. Linear measurements for anteroposterior changes of maxillary first molar distalization movement at the end of total orthodontic treatment.

    Cephalometric analysis performed in lateral x-rays and cast analysis performed in intraoral scans will provide us with linear measurements assessing the anteroposterior movement of maxillary first molars at the end of orthodontic treatment.

    Time frame: T1: Baseline records, (initial records before the beginning of treatment). T3: End of treatment records (records taken at the end of orthodontic treatment after removal of all orthodontic appliances), an average of 24 months.

  3. Angular measurements for anteroposterior changes of maxillary first molar distalization movement at the end of active distalization (until Class I molar relationship is achieved).

    Cephalometric analysis performed in lateral x-rays will provide us with angular measurements assessing the anteroposterior movement of maxillary first molars.

    Time frame: T1: Baseline records (initial records before the beginning of treatment). T2: 8-12 months, end of distalization phase records (records taken at the end of upper molar distalization, when upper first molars will be bilaterally in Class I malocclusion).

  4. Angular measurements for anteroposterior changes of maxillary first molar distalization movement at the end of total orthodontic treatment.

    Cephalometric analysis performed in lateral x-rays will provide us with angular measurements assessing the anteroposterior movement of maxillary first molars at the end of orthodontic treatment.

    Time frame: T1: Baseline records, (initial records before the beginning of treatment). T3: End of treatment records (records taken at the end of orthodontic treatment after removal of all orthodontic appliances), an average of 24 months.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Duration of active distalization phase

    Comparison of the duration of active distalization between the two approaches (AMDA® and Spark®).

    Time frame: T1: Baseline records (initial records before the beginning of treatment). T2: 8-12 months, at the end of distalization phase (records taken at the end of upper molar distalization, when upper first molars will be bilaterally in Class I malocclusion).

  2. Duration of total treatment

    Comparison of the duration of total treatment between the two approaches (AMDA® and Spark®).

    Time frame: T1: Baseline records, (initial records before the beginning of treatment). T3: End of treatment records (records taken at the end of orthodontic treatment after removal of all orthodontic appliances), an average of 24 months.

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
    Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
    • Aikaterini Samandara, Doctor of Dental Surgery · Contact · katerinasamandara@gmail.com · +30694529980
    • Aikaterini Samandara, Doctor of Dental Surgery · Principal investigator
    Recruiting
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Wilmes B, Drescher D. Application and effectiveness of the Beneslider: a device to move molars distally. World J Orthod. 2010 Winter;11(4):331-40. PubMed 21490998 ↗
  • Ravera S, Castroflorio T, Garino F, Daher S, Cugliari G, Deregibus A. Maxillary molar distalization with aligners in adult patients: a multicenter retrospective study. Prog Orthod. 2016;17:12. doi: 10.1186/s40510-016-0126-0. Epub 2016 Apr 18. PubMed 27041551 ↗
  • Papadopoulos MA, Melkos AB, Athanasiou AE. Noncompliance maxillary molar distalization with the first class appliance: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 May;137(5):586.e1-586.e13; discussion 586-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.10.033. PubMed 20451774 ↗
  • Antonarakis GS, Kiliaridis S. Maxillary molar distalization with noncompliance intramaxillary appliances in Class II malocclusion. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2008 Nov;78(6):1133-40. doi: 10.2319/101507-406.1. PubMed 18947282 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All collected IPD (Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP), Informed Consent Form (ICF), Clinical Study Report (CSR), Analytic Code will be shared.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap, Icf, Csr, Analytic code

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07040176
Lead sponsor
Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki
Responsible party
Katerina Samandara-Bouzani (Principal investigator, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 27, 2025
Start date
Apr 10, 2024
Primary completion
Apr 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Apr 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 27, 2025

Study contacts

Aikaterini Samandara, Doctor of Dental Surgery
Contact
katerinasamandara@gmail.com
+306945299800
Moschos Papadopoulos, Professor
Contact
mikepap@dent.auth.gr
+302310999556
Moschos Papadopoulos, Professor
study chair · Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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