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RecruitingNCT07036705SLEEPS2Updated Apr 24, 2026

Optimizing an Integrated Mind and Body Treatment for Insomnia: The SLEEPS Study 2

An interventional study of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) and Passive Body Heating (PBH) in Insomnia Disorder, sponsored by University of California, San Francisco. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-24.

Sponsored by University of California, San Francisco · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This two-arm randomized trial will provide digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) to all participants and passive body heating (PBH) sessions using a sauna blanket to half of participants over a 9-week treatment period. Participants are adults aged 18 years or older with insomnia disorder.

Read the detailed description

Insomnia disorder is a common and consequential mental health problem, with prevalence estimates at approximately 10%. The American College of Physicians recommends cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), an efficacious "mind" (psychological and behavioral) treatment, as the first-line treatment for adults with insomnia. Yet, about half of individuals experience residual insomnia symptoms after CBT-I. Accordingly, researchers have sought to augment CBT-I, primarily with pharmacotherapy, but many people do not want to use pharmacologic agents due to concerns about side effects and dependence. Passive-body heating (PBH), a "body" treatment, involves heating the body via hot baths or showers, infrared sauna, or other heat sources. PBH has been found to reduce the time needed to fall asleep and to improve sleep quality. PBH may improve sleep by increasing skin temperature and decreasing core body temperature, a dynamic associated with sleep onset. CBT-I and PBH thus target distinct factors that may contribute to insomnia, and the investigators hypothesize that the combination of CBT-I and PBH holds promise as a multi-component treatment for insomnia disorder.

02

Conditions studied

  • Insomnia Disorder

Keywords

  • Passive Body Heating
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
  • CBT-I
  • Insomnia Disorder
  • Digital Intervention
  • Mood Disorders
  • PBH
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • 18 years or older
  • English-speaking
  • Willing to use birth control if assigned female sex at birth
  • Willing to receive study text messages during participation
  • Location to plug sauna blanket into regular wall outlet
  • Ability to lie in sauna blanket for 15 minutes
  • Ability to fit in the sauna blanket
  • Daily access to the internet via computer, smartphone, or tablet
  • Elevated insomnia symptoms as indexed by a score of 11 or greater on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at two screening timepoints
  • Primary insomnia disorder (characterized by difficulty initiating sleep) as indexed by a positive diagnosis on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Sleep Disorders (SCISD)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Night shift or swing shift worker
  • Current or planned routine body heating practices (e.g., saunas, hot tubs, long baths) within 4 hours before bed that are 10 minutes or more in duration (≥2x per week)
  • Pregnant or plans to become pregnant during the participation period
  • Traveling internationally between screening assessment and anticipated post-intervention assessment, or during anticipated post-follow-up assessment period (\~1 week)
  • Other diagnosed sleep disorders or suspected sleep disorders
  • Medical conditions that might increase the risk of passive body heating using an infrared sauna blanket
  • Medication use that might increase the risk of passive body heating using an infrared sauna blanket
  • Mental health disorder that may better explain insomnia, require priority treatment, or be exacerbated by time in bed restriction
  • Medical condition that may better explain insomnia, require priority treatment, or be exacerbated by time in bed restriction
  • Lifetime diagnosis of a bipolar disorder, psychosis, or other psychotic disorder
  • Current (past 3 months) major depressive disorder
  • Current (past 12 months) suicidality, alcohol use disorder, other substance use disorder (except mild cannabis use disorder), panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and eating disorders
  • If using medications for mental health treatment (e.g., antidepressant medication) must have been on a stable dose for prior 8 weeks
  • Currently receiving cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
40 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)

    Participants will receive digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I).

    Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)

  • Experimental
    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Passive Body Heating (CBT-I+PBH)

    Participants will receive digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) and Passive Body Heating (PBH) using a sauna blanket.

    Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) · Device: Passive Body Heating (PBH)

Interventions

  • BehavioralCognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)

    Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a behavioral (psychotherapeutic) intervention for insomnia disorder. Participants will complete digital CBT-I online using the Sleep Healthy Using the Internet (SHUTi) program.

  • DevicePassive Body Heating (PBH)

    Passive body heating (PBH) is a body-based treatment that participants will complete using a sauna blanket, which is similar in form factor to an adult-sized sleeping bag (head is not within the heated area). Participants will complete at least three 15-minute PBH sessions per week. Participants will complete PBH sessions in the sauna blanket placed on the floor or on a couch (i.e., not in their bed) at a setting of Level 6, 1-2 hours before bed.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Intervention Acceptability

    Proportion of participants with a score of ≥7 on the following net promoter item: "How likely would you be to recommend participating in this study to a friend or family member with insomnia?" Responses range from "Would not recommend" (0) to "Would definitely recommend" (10).

    Time frame: 9 weeks

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Osher Center for Integrative Health
    San Francisco, California 94115, United States
    Recruiting
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Haghayegh S, Khoshnevis S, Smolensky MH, Diller KR, Castriotta RJ. Before-bedtime passive body heating by warm shower or bath to improve sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2019 Aug;46:124-135. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.008. Epub 2019 Apr 19. PubMed 31102877 ↗
  • Lee S, Oh JW, Park KM, Lee S, Lee E. Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Digit Med. 2023 Mar 25;6(1):52. doi: 10.1038/s41746-023-00800-3. PubMed 36966184 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — The final IPD dataset will include self-reported demographic data, other self-reported data (e.g., subjective sleep measures, mood symptoms), and wearable-derived sleep data (wearable-derived sleep data will be shared as nightly aggregates).

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap, Icf

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07036705
Lead sponsor
University of California, San Francisco
Collaborators
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jun 25, 2025
Start date
Sep 29, 2025
Primary completion
Jul 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Jul 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Apr 24, 2026

Study contacts

Study Team
Contact
sleeps@ucsf.edu
415-514-8445
Sarah M Fisher, MS
Contact
sarah.fisher4@ucsf.edu
415-476-1218
Ashley E Mason, PhD
principal investigator · University of California, San Francisco

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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