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Not yet recruitingNCT06934265Updated Jan 13, 2026

PhoRTE® Therapy Efficacy: In-Person Versus Telehealth

An interventional study of exuberant voice therapy in Atrophy of Vocal Cord, Presbyphonia and Dysphonia, sponsored by University of Southern California. Not yet recruiting at 4 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 54 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-13.

Sponsored by University of Southern California · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
54 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study compares how well voice therapy works when delivered in-person versus through telehealth for older adults with age-related voice problems. Researchers are testing whether Phonation Resistance Training Exercises (PhoRTE®) can be just as effective when delivered remotely as when done face-to-face, which could make treatment more accessible and affordable for seniors.

The two primary hypotheses are:

  1. Does voice therapy (called PhoRTE®) work as well through video calls as it does face-to-face?
  2. Can online therapy be a more accessible way for older adults to get help for their voice problems?

Adults aged 55 or older with voice changes and an applicable diagnosis will be randomly assigned to receive either in-person or telehealth therapy, consisting of four 45-minute sessions. After treatment, researchers will measure improvements through:

  • Changes in voice function
  • Patient reports about their voice
  • Scientific measurements of voice quality
  • Patient satisfaction with treatment
  • Impact on quality of life

The results will help determine if telehealth can be a good alternative to in-person voice therapy, especially important as telehealth coverage may be changing.

Read the detailed description

This study employs a prospective, noninferiority cohort design to compare the efficacy of in-person versus telehealth delivery of Phonation Resistance Training Exercises (PhoRTE®) for adults aged 55+ diagnosed with presbyphonia.

Participants will be recruited from the USC Voice Center, a multidisciplinary otolaryngology clinic with four outpatient locations in Southern California. Eligible participants must have a primary diagnosis of presbyphonia, age-related voice change, and/or vocal fold atrophy.

The study will use stratified block randomization with a 1:1 allocation ratio to ensure equitable distribution of severity across both treatment groups (in-person and telehealth). Electronic randomization algorithms will be implemented to mitigate selection bias.

Treatment Protocol:

  • Both groups will complete four 45-minute sessions of voice therapy
  • Sessions will be conducted at weekly or biweekly intervals
  • PhoRTE® therapeutic intervention involves exuberant vocalization techniques utilizing high-intensity phonation with expanded oral aperture configuration ("megaphone mouth shape") to optimize phonatory efficiency and augment vocal intensity without inducing vocal strain/hyperfunction

Assessment Measures:

  1. Validated patient-reported outcomes:

    1. Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) for quantification of perceived voice-related quality of life impairment
    2. Aging Voice Index (AVI) for quantification of perceived voice-related quality of life impairment for aging populations
    3. OMNI-Vocal Effort Scale for perceived assessment of effort with voicing
    4. Voice Problem Impact Scales (VPIS) for multidimensional evaluation of voice-related quality of life
  2. Expert clinical auditory/perceptual measures:

    Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) for voice quality and severity Note: Blinded independent evaluation by voice \& upper airways-specialized (VUAD) speech-language pathologists (minimum 5 years specialization in voice disorders with ≥80% voice disorder caseload) analysis of recorded voice samples

  3. Instrumental acoustic/aerodynamic measures:

    1. Acoustic measures: cepstral peak prominence (CPP), CPP standard deviation (CPP SD), fundamental frequency (fo), and vocal intensity/loudness (dB SPL) in sustained vowels and connected speech - Aerodynamic measures: subglottal pressure (Psub), phonation threshold pressure (PTP), and mean airflow during voicing with corresponding duration and number of replenishing breaths during sustained vowels and connected speech

Data Collection Timeline:

  • Baseline measures will be obtained at the initial interprofessional evaluation
  • Post-intervention evaluations will occur one week after the terminal therapeutic session
  • All measurement parameters will be repeated at both timepoints to assess treatment effects

Sample Size:

The target enrollment is 13-15 participants per treatment group (26-30 participants total), which aligns with previous research on PhoRTE® therapy for presbyphonia.

This protocol follows the tripartite model of evidence-based practice and therefore contains multiple primary outcomes through integration of patient-reported measures, clinical expertise, and instrumental assessment to comprehensively evaluate treatment efficacy across delivery modalities.

02

Conditions studied

  • Atrophy of Vocal Cord
  • Presbyphonia
  • Dysphonia
  • Glottic Insufficiency
  • Voice Change
  • Voice Disorder
  • Adults
  • Aging
  • Speech Therapy
  • Voice Alteration

Keywords

  • Vocal fold atrophy
  • voice therapy
  • presbyphonia
  • aging voice
  • voice rehabilitation
  • speech pathology
  • Intervention
  • voice
  • aging
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
54 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults 55+ with a primary diagnosis of presbyphonia, age-related voice changes, and/or vocal fold atrophy with or without localized loss of lamina propria (e.g. vocal fold scar)
  • Telehealth-capable device (e.g., tablet, computer) with microphone, speaker, camera, high-speed internet
  • Ability to attend four telehealth or in-person sessions for four consecutive sessions
  • Ability to attend two in-person evaluation sessions (pre- and post-treatment)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of localized masses, lesions, or vocal fold motion impairments identified during videostroboscopy at initial evaluation
  • Progressive neurologic conditions, e.g. Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), etc.
  • Previous attendance to exuberant voice therapy (e.g., PhoRTE, Lee Silverman Voice Treatment)
  • Untreated hearing loss
  • Non-English speakers
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Investigator)
Enrollment
30 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    PhoRTE - IP

    PhoRTE® voice therapy will be administered to this treatment arm in-person (IP)(traditional therapy).

    Behavioral: exuberant voice therapy

  • Experimental
    PhoRTE - TH

    Study participants who will be receiving intervention via telehealth. Intervention administered will be PhoRTE® voice therapy.

    Behavioral: exuberant voice therapy

Interventions

  • Behavioralexuberant voice therapy

    exuberant voice therapy validated for patients with age-related voice changes (i.e., vocal fold atrophy, presbyphonia)

    Also known as: Phonation Resistance Training Exercises (PhoRTE®)

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Voice Handicap Index-10

    5 point likert scale to assess voice-related quality of life impairment, where 0 = never, 1 = almost never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = almost always, 4 = always. 10 questions in total. Higher score indicates a greater voice handicap. Score of \>11 is considered abnormal. Measure will be collected at initial evaluation (baseline) and again following intervention (final evaluation).

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  2. Aging Voice Index

    AVI Score at Baseline and re-evaluation. The Aging Voice Index (AVI) is a validated instrument that measures quality of life in older adults with voice disorders. A higher score indicates worse quality of life. Scores range from 0 to 92.

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  3. Voice Problem Impact Scales

    A validated self assessment questionnaire in which the participant self-rates impact of voice on four domains of life on 1-7 likert scales (1. work/daily activities, 2. social life, 3. home life, 4. life overall.) Numbers are presented in equally appearing intervals with end anchors where 1=not at all affected and 7=profoundly. A higher score indicates higher degree of impact. Measure will be collected at initial evaluation (baseline) and again following intervention (final evaluation).

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  4. Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V)

    A validated auditory/perceptual voice quality and severity assessment tool to be used pre- and post-intervention. Blinded independent expert clinicians, identified as SLPs who have 5+ years of experience in the assessment and treatment of patients with voice disorders and who currently maintain a caseload of at least 80% voice patients, will assess recorded voice samples to describe participant voice quality and severity using the CAPE-V. Measure will be collected at initial evaluation (baseline) and again following intervention (final evaluation).

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  5. OMNI Vocal Effort Scale

    Visual analog scale for patient-perceived vocal effort on a 0-10 scale where 0=extremely easy and 10=extremely hard. Patient is asked for perception of current voice effort during assessment and highest effort level experienced.

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  6. Acoustic Assessment: voicing intensity

    Acoustic measure in sustained voicing via mean intensity (in dB SPL) and its standard deviation across a. standardized vowel /a/, b. standardized reading passage (Rainbow passage), and c. running, conversational speech. Measure will be collected at initial evaluation (baseline) and again following intervention (final evaluation).

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  7. Acoustic Assessment: Cepstral Peak Prominence

    Acoustic measure in sustained voicing using Cepstral Peak Prominence and its standard deviation while reading a standardized passage (Rainbow passage). Measure will be collected at initial evaluation (baseline) and again following intervention (final evaluation).

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  8. Aerodynamic Measurement: phonatory airflow during speech

    Airflow during voicing will be measured at baseline and again at final evaluation using the Phonatory Aerodynamic System Model 6600 (PAS; PENTAX Medical). Assessment includes flow during voicing across a. sustained vowel /a/ and running speech (first four sentences of standardized Rainbow Passage). The PAS reports airflow during voicing using a pneumotach with integrated facemask and external microphone. During voicing, pressure transducers on either side of the terminal collects and converts the air flow across time to determine airflow rate. The microphone captures the acoustic signal according to terminal-specific standardized calibration. Subjects maintain upright seated posture with the face mask firmly pressed to their face, ensuring an airtight seal over oral and nasal cavities during this task.

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  9. Aerodynamic Measurement: subglottal pressure

    Subglottal pressure (Psub) will be measured at initial evaluation (baseline) and again at the conclusion of therapeutic intervention (final evaluation) using the Phonatory Aerodynamic System Model 6600 (PAS; PENTAX Medical). Assessment utilizes the valid labial interruption task via /pipipi/ syllable production task. The PAS collects intraoral pressure, which is a validated, non-invasive approximate to subglottal pressure. The participant thens produce the sequence at a comfortable pitch and loudness. Analysis then extracts the subglottal pressure by measuring airflow and intraoral pressure during speech.

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  10. Aerodynamic Measurement: phonation threshold pressure

    Phonation threshold pressure (PTP) will be measured at initial evaluation (baseline) and again at the conclusion of therapeutic intervention (final evaluation) using the Phonatory Aerodynamic System Model 6600 (PAS; PENTAX Medical). Assessment utilizes the valid labial interruption task via /pipipi/ syllable production. PTP is the minimum subglottal pressure required to initiate and sustain vocal fold oscillation. The PAS collects intraoral pressure, which is a validated, non-invasive approximate to subglottal pressure. The participant thens produces the sequence at their softest vocal intensity. Analysis extracts the PTP by measuring the relationship between airflow and intraoral pressure at softest possible voicing.

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  11. Aerodynamic Measurement: number of breaths

    mean number of breaths across a standardized reading passage (The Rainbow Passage) collected at baseline (initial evaluation) and once again after intervention (final evaluation).

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

  12. duration across standardized reading passage

    mean duration (in seconds) to complete the reading of a standard passage (The Rainbow Passage).

    Time frame: up to 16 weeks

06

Study locations

4 sites
  • USC Voice Center
    Arcadia, California 91007, United States
  • USC Voice Center
    Beverly Hills, California 90211, United States
  • USC Voice Center
    Glendale, California 91204, United States
  • USC Voice Center
    Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
    • Alexandra Chace Purdy, BM, MA CF-SLP · Contact · alexandra.chacepurdy@med.usc.edu · 323-442-5790
    • Lauren Timmons Sund, BM, MS, CCC-SLP · Contact · lauren.timmonssund@med.usc.edu · 323-442-5790
    • Lauren Timmons Sund, BM, MS CCC-SLP · Sub investigator
    • Alexandra Chace Purdy, BM, MA CF-SLP · Sub investigator
    • Maria Eugenia Castro, MS CCC-SLP · Sub investigator
    • Kacie La Forest, MA CCC-SLP · Sub investigator
    • Felicia François, MS CCC-SLP · Sub investigator
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Shoffel-Havakuk H, Marks KL, Morton M, Johns MM 3rd, Hapner ER. Validation of the OMNI vocal effort scale in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Laryngoscope. 2019 Feb;129(2):448-453. doi: 10.1002/lary.27430. Epub 2018 Oct 12. PubMed 30315575 ↗
  • Galluzzi F, Garavello W. The aging voice: a systematic review of presbyphonia. Eur Geriatr Med. 2018 Oct;9(5):559-570. doi: 10.1007/s41999-018-0095-6. Epub 2018 Sep 3. PubMed 34654233 ↗
  • Desjardins M, Halstead L, Simpson A, Flume P, Bonilha HS. Respiratory Muscle Strength Training to Improve Vocal Function in Patients with Presbyphonia. J Voice. 2022 May;36(3):344-360. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.06.006. Epub 2020 Jul 14. PubMed 32680804 ↗
  • Lindstrom E, Ohlund Wistbacka G, Lotvall A, Rydell R, Lyberg Ahlander V. How older adults relate to their own voices: a qualitative study of subjective experiences of the aging voice. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2023 Dec;48(4):163-171. doi: 10.1080/14015439.2022.2056243. Epub 2022 Apr 21. PubMed 35446741 ↗
  • Ziegler A, Verdolini Abbott K, Johns M, Klein A, Hapner ER. Preliminary data on two voice therapy interventions in the treatment of presbyphonia. Laryngoscope. 2014 Aug;124(8):1869-76. doi: 10.1002/lary.24548. Epub 2014 Jan 29. PubMed 24375313 ↗
  • Guglani I, Sanskriti S, Joshi SH, Anjankar A. Speech-Language Therapy Through Telepractice During COVID-19 and Its Way Forward: A Scoping Review. Cureus. 2023 Sep 6;15(9):e44808. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44808. eCollection 2023 Sep. PubMed 37809138 ↗
  • Griffin M, Bentley J, Shanks J, Wood C. The effectiveness of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment therapy issued interactively through an iPad device: A non-inferiority study. J Telemed Telecare. 2018 Apr;24(3):209-215. doi: 10.1177/1357633X17691865. Epub 2017 Feb 1. PubMed 28147896 ↗
  • Theodoros DG, Hill AJ, Russell TG. Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes of Speech Treatment for Parkinson's Disease Delivered to the Home Via Telerehabilitation: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2016 May 1;25(2):214-32. doi: 10.1044/2015_AJSLP-15-0005. PubMed 27145396 ↗
  • Titze IR, Palaparthi A, Cox K, Stark A, Maxfield L, Manternach B. Vocalization with semi-occluded airways is favorable for optimizing sound production. PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Mar 29;17(3):e1008744. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008744. eCollection 2021 Mar. PubMed 33780433 ↗
  • Belsky MA, Shelly S, Rothenberger SD, Ziegler A, Hoffman B, Hapner ER, Gartner-Schmidt JL, Gillespie AI. Phonation Resistance Training Exercises (PhoRTE) With and Without Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) For Patients With Presbyphonia: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. J Voice. 2023 May;37(3):398-409. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.02.015. Epub 2021 Mar 16. PubMed 33741235 ↗
  • Kempster GB, Gerratt BR, Verdolini Abbott K, Barkmeier-Kraemer J, Hillman RE. Consensus auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice: development of a standardized clinical protocol. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2009 May;18(2):124-32. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/08-0017). Epub 2008 Oct 16. PubMed 18930908 ↗
  • Castro ME, Sund LT, Hoffman MR, Hapner ER. The Voice Problem Impact Scales (VPIS). J Voice. 2024 May;38(3):666-673. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.11.011. Epub 2021 Dec 20. PubMed 34933795 ↗
  • Rosen CA, Lee AS, Osborne J, Zullo T, Murry T. Development and validation of the voice handicap index-10. Laryngoscope. 2004 Sep;114(9):1549-56. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200409000-00009. PubMed 15475780 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — The number of resources and collaboration to collect and analyze the data is not feasible for the current research question and current available time and funding.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06934265
Lead sponsor
University of Southern California
Responsible party
Aaron Rothbart, PhD (Clinical Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (Clinician Educator), University of Southern California) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 18, 2025
Start date
Jan 25, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Jul 25, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Oct 25, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Jan 13, 2026

Study contacts

Alexandra Chace Purdy, BM, MA
Contact
alexcptheslp@gmail.com
607 592-9123
M. Eugenia Castro, MS CCC-SLP
Contact
mariaeugenia.castro@med.usc.edu
(323) 833-4530
Aaron Rothbart, PhD
principal investigator · University of Southern California

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
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