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Not yet recruitingNCT06905470KREHA3Updated Sep 28, 2026

The Effects of Eccentric Compared to Standard Strength Training in Primary Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

An interventional study of Eccentric (KREHA) training and Standard clinical routine strength (STAN) training in Spinal Cord Injury, sponsored by Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Switzerland. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-28.

Sponsored by Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
20
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to assess the effects of eccentric arm-crank (KREHA) training compared to standard clinical routine strength (STAN) training in individuals undergoing primary spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation.

The main questions this trail aims to answer are:

  • what are the effects of the training on upper body strength, aerobic performance, muscle volume, functional independence, and health-related quality of life?
  • is the KREHA training feasible to implement into the rehabilitation routine?

Participants will:

  • perform either 20 KREHA sessions or 20 STAN sessions within 12 weeks
  • perform a test battery to collect data on training effects before (pretest) and after (posttest) the study intervention
02

Conditions studied

  • Spinal Cord Injury

Keywords

  • eccentric training
  • strength training
  • upper body
  • aerobic performance
  • muscle volume
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • 18 years or older.
  • informed consent as confirmed per signature.
  • traumatic or disease-related SCI.
  • participating in the routine strength training program during primary SCI rehabilitation at the study center (generally this is initiated around one month after SCI onset).
  • wheelchair dependency during activities of daily living, defined by a score of 0-2 in the SCIM subsection regarding "Mobility in the house".
  • passed sports medical assessment and having sufficient biceps/triceps function to perform arm-crank training, as determined by an experienced sports medicine physician

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • inflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases (including multiple sclerosis or Guillain-Barré syndrome).
  • comorbidities or other health issues that may interfere with study participation, inability or contraindications to undergo the investigated intervention.
  • MRI contraindications (magnetic metal parts or electronic implants such as pacemakers in the body).
  • pregnancy (anamnestic).
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
20 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Eccentric arm-crank (KREHA) training

    The eccentric training intervention consists of 20 training sessions performed on a symmetric arm-crank (Krafttraining mittels exzentrischer Handkurbel, KREHA) device. The training sessions have a duration of approximately 30 min and will be completed within twelve weeks, with a maximum of three sessions per week.

    Procedure: Eccentric (KREHA) training

  • Active comparator
    Standard clinical routine strength (STAN) training

    The standard strength training intervention consists of a total of 20 training sessions at the gym of the study center, performed following clinical routine procedures. The training sessions have a duration of approximately 60 min and will be completed within twelve weeks, with around three sessions per week.

    Procedure: Standard clinical routine strength (STAN) training

Interventions

  • ProcedureEccentric (KREHA) training

    20 eccentric resistance training sessions will be performed on a symmetric arm-crank ergometer in a supine position.

  • ProcedureStandard clinical routine strength (STAN) training

    The regular strength training intervention consists of a total of 20 training sessions at the gym of the study center, performed following clinical routine procedures.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Upper body strength

    Change in upper body strength will be measured by a one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press (in kg). The maximum amount of weight that can be pushed upwards for one repetition, while lying in a supine position on a weight training bench.

    Time frame: < 1 week pre and 12 weeks post intervention start.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Upper body strength

    Change in upper body strength measured by a 1RM bench pull (in kg). The maximum amount of weight that can be pulled upwards for one repetition, while lying in a prone position on a weight training bench.

    Time frame: < 1 week pre and 12 weeks post intervention start.

  2. Handgrip strength

    Change in maximum strength of three handgrip measurements (in kg) of both hands using a Jamar Handgrip Dynamometer.

    Time frame: < 1 week pre and 12 weeks post intervention start.

  3. Aerobic performance

    Change in cardiopulmonary adaptations, measured by aerobic performance in an exercise test on a regular arm-crank ergometer. A ramp protocol starting at 20 Watt followed by 1 Watt / 6 sec increments to failure will be used. The following parameters will be evaluated during this aerobic endurance test: power at failure at the end of the test (in Watt), peak oxygen uptake during the test (in ml/kg/min), maximal heart rate (bpm)

    Time frame: < 1 week pre and 12 weeks post intervention start.

  4. Muscle volume

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of relevant upper body muscles of the dominant upper arm and shoulder will be used to measure change in muscle volume.

    Time frame: < 1 week pre and 12 weeks post intervention start.

  5. Arm circumference

    Change in arm circumference of the right and left lower and upper arm (in cm), will be used to estimate muscle volume.

    Time frame: < 1 week pre and 12 weeks post intervention start.

  6. Functioning during activities of daily living

    Change in functioning during activities of daily living will be assessed by the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) as extracted from clinical records. The SCIM total score ranges from 0-100, with higher scores indicating higher levels of functional independence.

    Time frame: < 1 week pre and 12 weeks post intervention start.

  7. Health-related quality of life

    Change in health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Weighted physical and mental component scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating better physical or mental health.

    Time frame: < 1 week pre and 12 weeks post intervention start.

Other outcomes

  1. Feasibility of the KREHA training (total number of training sessions)

    Successful implementation of the KREHA training in the clinical routine, by assessing whether the 20 KREHA sessions are completed within 12 weeks.

    Time frame: Throughout the intervention phase, week 0-12

  2. Feasibility of the KREHA training progression (number of sessions adapted)

    Feasibility of the KREHA training progression, by assessing how many training sessions needed to be adapted.

    Time frame: Throughout the intervention phase, week 0-12

  3. Feasibility of the KREHA training progression (power adaptation)

    Feasibility of the KREHA training progression, by assessing how much the target power (in Watts) of a training session needed to be adapted compared to the initially planned progression.

    Time frame: Throughout the intervention phase, week 0-12

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Swiss Paraplegic Centre
    Nottwil, Canton of Lucerne 6207, Switzerland
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06905470
Lead sponsor
Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Apr 1, 2025
Start date
Dec 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Dec 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 28, 2026

Study contacts

Anneke Hertig-Godeschalk, PhD
Contact
anneke.hertig@paraplegie.ch
+414 9396603
Fabian Ammann, MSc
Contact
fabian.ammann@paraplegie.ch
+41419396624

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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