An interventional study of Active Control and Standardized injection protocol in CVD - Cardiovascular Disease, Bruise and Pain, sponsored by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Recruiting at 1 site in Hong Kong. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-18.
Sponsored by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
Improper subcutaneous administration of LMWH may cause complications at the injection site. Standardized protocol for subcutaneous LMWH injections in patient with cardiovascular diseases is warranted to ensure consistent best practices in clinical settings.
This study examines the effect of standardized protocol in reducing complications for patients with cardiovascular disease.
5,368 studies on the registry are indexed under Cardiovascular Diseases; 939 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 180 is above the median of 100 across 3,084 interventional studies indexed under Cardiovascular Diseases.
Browse Cardiovascular Diseases studies →The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is the lead sponsor of 679 studies on the registry; 257 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
The control group participants will receive the usual practice of subcutaneous LMWH injection administered by nurses.
Other: Active Control
The intervention group participants will receive standardized LMWH injection administered by nurses.
Other: Standardized injection protocol
Patients in the control group will receive the usual practice of subcutaneous LMWH injection administered by nurses.
Nurses administer LMWH according to the standardized evidence-based protocol.
Bruise size
The bruising length and width will be measured by a ruler and the incidence of bruising will be recorded.
Time frame: 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours
Pain level
Patients' pain levels are assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale: from o to 10, with "10" representatin the worst outcome and with '0' representing the best outcome.
Time frame: Immediately after injection, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours
Patient Experience
a Patient Experience Surveys to evaluate their perceived nurse's attitude
Time frame: Immediately after receiving the injection
Communicative Competence
Communicative Competence Scale consists of 36 items across five dimensions (General Competence, Empathy Affiliation/Support, Behavioural Flexibility, and Social Relaxation), using a 5-point Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree (coded from 1 to 5). Higher the score means worse the outcome.
Time frame: Immediately before and after injection
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