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RecruitingNCT06686693Updated Mar 30, 2025

Intravenous Iron Effects on Performance at High Altitude

A Phase 4 interventional study of Injectafer and Placebo in Hypoxia, sponsored by United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 40 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-03-30.

Sponsored by United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine · Phase 4, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
24
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 40 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

To compare the effects of IV iron versus placebo (saline) injection on arterial oxygen saturation, submaximal exercise responses, and 2-mile treadmill time-trial performance during acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (430 mmHg, simulating \~4800m) assessed 1 and 14 days after treatment.

Primary Hypothesis 1: IV iron treatment will improve arterial oxygen saturation at rest and during exercise in acute hypobaric hypoxia and this effect will persist for 2 weeks

Primary Hypothesis 2) IV iron treatment will improve 2-mile treadmill time trial performance in acute hypobaric hypoxia and this effect will persist for 2 weeks

Read the detailed description

This study will use a double-blind randomized study design in which one group will receive iron (n = 12; Injectafer, 15 mg/kg up to 1000 mg) and the other a placebo (n = 12; saline). Twenty-four participants will complete seven study visits: Visit 1: Orientation visit consisting of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DEXA), pulmonary function test, assessment of peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak); Visits 2-3: familiarization consisting of exercise battery (20 minutes of walking followed by 2 mile treadmill time trial); Visits 4, 6-7: high altitude trial (4,800 m) in which skin blood flow during rest will be measured, ventilation at sea level and altitude will be assessed, collection of sea level and altitude arterialized capillary and venous blood will be collected, and the exercise battery. Visit 5: participants will receive the iron or placebo.

02

Conditions studied

  • Hypoxia

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03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 40 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Man or woman, age 18-40 years

    • BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2
    • In good health as determined by the Office of Medical Support \& Oversight (OMSO) General Medical Clearance
    • Passed his/her most recent Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) (Military Volunteers Only) or exercises at least 2 times per week and able to complete two mile run in ≤ 21 minutes (Civilian Volunteers)
    • Willing to not exercise, or drink alcoholic/caffeinated beverages 24 hours prior to each testing session
    • Willing to not perform any strenuous exercise 36 hours prior to each testing session

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study

    • Taking prescription medication, or over-the-counter medications other than contraceptives, unless approved by OMSO \& PI
    • Taking dietary supplements unless approved by OMSO \& PI
    • Born at altitudes greater than 2,100 m (7,000 ft)
    • Living in areas that are more than 1,200 m (4,000 ft) or have traveled to areas that are more than 1,200 m for five days or more within the last 2 months
    • Prior diagnosis of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) or High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
    • Musculoskeletal injuries that compromise the ability to walk/run on a treadmill
    • Presence of abnormal blood chemicals (hemoglobin S or Sickle Cell Trait)
    • Hemoglobin concentration: men: Hb \<13.5 g/dL or Hb >17.7 g/dL; women Hb \<12.5 g/dL or Hb >15.9 g/dL
    • Ferritin \< 50 ng/mL or greater than 150 ng/mL
    • Any history of malignancy
    • Personal or family history of blood clots
    • History of thromboembolic disease, hypertension, and known risk factors of cardiovascular disease
    • Blood donation within 8 weeks of beginning the study
    • History of seizures
    • History of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Any recent (within 4-6 weeks) and or expected history of prolonged periods of immobility or limited activity (including recent or upcoming surgery)
    • Abnormal PT/PTT test or problems with blood clotting
    • Any nicotine or recreational drug use (unless quit > 1 month prior to study orientation)
    • Presence of respiratory tract infections (\< 1 month prior)
    • Experience recent cold, coughs, or sinus infections (\< 2 weeks prior)
    • Allergy to skin adhesive
    • Evidence of apnea or sleeping disorder
    • Present condition of alcoholism, use of anabolic steroids, other substance abuse issues
    • Body mass \<50 kg (110.5 lbs)
    • History of hyperparathyroidism
    • History of vitamin D deficiency
    • History of systemic inflammatory disease (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus)
    • Any drug allergies
    • History of hypersensitivity reaction
    • History of asthma
    • History of kidney or liver disease
    • Any previous intravenous iron injection
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
24 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Placebo

    Placebo - saline

    Other: Placebo

  • Experimental
    Intravenous iron

    Iron - Injectafer 15 mg/kg up to 1000 mg

    Drug: Injectafer

Interventions

  • DrugInjectafer

    Injectafer - 15 mg/kg up to 1000 mg

  • OtherPlacebo

    Placebo

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. 2 mile treadmill time trial performance

    Time to complete self-paced 2 miles treadmill time trial (min:sec)

    Time frame: Baseline at sea level, pre intervention at altitude, one week post intervention at altitude, and two weeks post intervention at altitude.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Ventilation rate

    Ventilation rate will be assessed using a pneumotachometer (l/min).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  2. Percent body fat

    Percent body fat will be assessed using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (%body fat).

    Time frame: Will be assessed once at the beginning of the study.

  3. Oxygen Saturation

    Oxygen saturation will be assessed using a finger pulse oximeter (%).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  4. Hematocrit

    Hematocrit will be assessed using manual hematocrit method (%).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  5. Ferritin

    Ferritin will be assessed using an ELISA (ng/ml).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  6. C-reactive protein

    C-reactive protein will be assessed using an ELISA (mg/L).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  7. Soluble transferrin

    Soluble transferrin will be assessed using an ELISA (mg/L).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  8. Arterialized capillary PO2

    Arterialized capillary PO2 will be assessed using a blood gas analyzer (mmHg).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  9. Arterialized capillary PCO2

    Arterialized capillary PCO2 will be assessed using a blood gas analyzer (mmHg).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  10. Arterialized capillary pH

    Arterialized capillary pH will be assessed using a blood gas analyzer.

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  11. Skin Blood flow

    Skin blood flow will be assessed via laser doppler (arbitrary units).

    Time frame: Pre intervention at sea level and altitude, one week post intervention at sea level and altitude, and two weeks post intervention at sea level and altitude.

  12. VO2peak

    Peak aerobic capacity will be assessed using a metabolic cart (ml/kg/min and or l/min).

    Time frame: Will be assessed once on day 1.

  13. Pulmonary function test

    Pulmonary function test will be performed to determine forced vital capacity (FVC; L) using a metabolic cart.

    Time frame: Will be assessed once on day 1.

  14. Pulmonary function test

    Pulmonary function test will be performed to determine forced expired volume in one second (FEV1; L) using a metabolic cart.

    Time frame: Will be measured once on day 1.

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • USARIEM
    Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
    Recruiting
07

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06686693
Lead sponsor
United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
Responsible party
Roy Salgado (Principal Investigator, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 13, 2024
Start date
Apr 15, 2022
Primary completion
Sep 30, 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Sep 30, 2025 (estimated)
Last update
Mar 30, 2025

Study contacts

Roy Salgado, PhD
Contact
roy.m.salgado.civ@health.mil
508-206-2375
Roy Salgado, PhD
principal investigator · United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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