Comparison of Effect of Different Methods of Cognitive Loading on Gait of Normal Healthy Students

Lead sponsor

Riphah International University is the lead sponsor of 2,133 studies on the registry; 633 are open to participants now.

Study arms

• Experimental
  Group 1 male

  All members of group number 1 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be applied three times with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability.

  Other: 1. WORKING MEMORY TASK: · Other: 2. VISUAL AND VERBAL FLUENCY TASK · Other: 3. MOTOR TASK:

• Experimental
  Group 2 female

  All members of group number 2 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be applied three times along with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability.

  Other: 1. WORKING MEMORY TASK: · Other: 2. VISUAL AND VERBAL FLUENCY TASK · Other: 3. MOTOR TASK:

Interventions

• Other1. WORKING MEMORY TASK:

  Arithmetic task: backward counting with serial 3 subtractions out loud. Group 1 and Group 2 participants will be asked to count backwards with serial 3 subtractions out loud while walking 10 meters. There is considerable disruption of performance because of simultaneous articulatory suppression. However, when errors were observed they were calculated to be numerically close to the correct figure which suggests that performance was not completely disrupted by suppression of articulation.

• Other2. VISUAL AND VERBAL FLUENCY TASK

  Modified Stroop test or Stroop colour word test: Participants are asked to name the colour of ink that each word is printed. It is the most frequent test used to show attention bias in anxiety patients. This test will appear on the mobile phone in their hands while they walk to increase the effect of cognitive loading.

• Other3. MOTOR TASK:

  Carrying a tray with four glasses filled with water. Participants will be asked to hold a tray of glasses filled with water and walk 10 meters to calculate the effect of cognitive loading on gait.

Primary outcomes

1. Walking speed (m/s)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures the walking speed with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.93). Walking speed usually decreases if the participant performs a task that challenges dynamic balance.

   Time frame: Baseline

2. Walking speed (m/s)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures the walking speed with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.93). Walking speed usually decreases if the participant performs a task that challenges dynamic balance.

   Time frame: During Cognitive loading tests

3. Walking speed (m/s)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures the walking speed with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.93). Walking speed usually decreases if the participant performs a task that challenges dynamic balance.

   Time frame: Immediately after Cognitive loading tests

4. Gait symmetry (%)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures gait symmetry with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.65) Gait symmetry tends to decrease if the participant undergoes a task that includes dynamic balance.

   Time frame: Baseline

5. Gait symmetry (%)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures gait symmetry with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.65) Gait symmetry tends to decrease if the participant undergoes a task that includes dynamic balance.

   Time frame: During Cognitive loading tests

6. Gait symmetry (%)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures gait symmetry with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.65) Gait symmetry tends to decrease if the participant undergoes a task that includes dynamic balance.

   Time frame: Immediately after Cognitive loading tests

7. Step length(m)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step length with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.94). Step length usually increases with challenged dynamic balance-based activities.

   Time frame: Baseline

8. Step length(m)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step length with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.94). Step length usually increases with challenged dynamic balance-based activities.

   Time frame: During Cognitive loading tests

9. Step length(m)

   For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step length with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.94). Step length usually increases with challenged dynamic balance-based activities.

   Time frame: Immediately after Cognitive loading tests

10. Step time(s)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.84). Step time increases under the effect of dynamic balance-based activities.

    Time frame: Baseline

11. Step time(s)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.84). Step time increases under the effect of dynamic balance-based activities.

    Time frame: During Cognitive loading tests

12. Step time(s)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.84). Step time increases under the effect of dynamic balance-based activities.

    Time frame: Immediately after Cognitive loading tests

13. Step time variability(%)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally (ICC=0.51). Step time variability tends to increase if a participant undergoes dynamic balance-based activities.

    Time frame: Baseline

14. Step time variability(%)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally (ICC=0.51). Step time variability tends to increase if a participant undergoes dynamic balance-based activities.

    Time frame: During Cognitive loading tests

15. Step time variability(%)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally (ICC=0.51). Step time variability tends to increase if a participant undergoes dynamic balance-based activities.

    Time frame: Immediately after Cognitive loading tests

16. Step length variability(%)

    For gait activity, the G\&B app measures step length variability with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally (ICC=0.16). step length variability tends to increase with activities that involve dynamic balance.

    Time frame: Baseline

17. Step length asymmetry(%)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step length asymmetry with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.6). Step length asymmetry tends to increase with tasks that include dynamic balance.

    Time frame: During Cognitive loading tests

18. Step length asymmetry(%)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step length asymmetry with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.6). Step length asymmetry tends to increase with tasks that include dynamic balance.

    Time frame: Immediately after Cognitive loading tests

19. Step time asymmetry(%)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time asymmetry with moderate reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.68). Step time asymmetry tends to increase with activities that include dynamic balance.

    Time frame: Baseline

20. Step time asymmetry(%)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time asymmetry with moderate reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.68). Step time asymmetry tends to increase with activities that include dynamic balance.

    Time frame: During Cognitive loading tests

21. Step time asymmetry(%)

    For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G\&B) measures step time asymmetry with moderate reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.68). Step time asymmetry tends to increase with activities that include dynamic balance.

    Time frame: Immediately after Cognitive loading tests

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No