A Phase 2 interventional study of Faecal Microbiota Transplant and FMT Placebo in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, sponsored by University of Birmingham. Recruiting at 5 sites in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-24.
Sponsored by University of Birmingham · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment
FARGO is a randomised, phase IIa, multi-centre, placebo-controlled trial to compare Faecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) with placebo in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and concomitant inflammatory bowel disease.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease and there is no medical therapy proven to slow disease progression. Many patients with PSC also develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has been shown that there is an imbalance of 'normal' microbiome (e.g. bacteria, viruses, fungi) in the gut of people with PSC and IBD. This imbalance is believed to contribute to the development (and possibly worsening) of liver disease in PSC.
It is believed that Faecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) treatment can restore the balance in the gut microbiome and that this can lead to reduction in symptoms of PSC and IBD and improve quality of life.
FMT involves the transplantation of faeces (or stool) from a healthy individual to a person with PSC. FMT is prepared from stool collected from unrelated, anonymous, healthy donors. The stool is treated in a laboratory at the University of Birmingham. The donors are carefully screened and the donated stool carefully tested to ensure that it is as clean and safe as possible before it is made into doses of FMT suitable for treatment purposes. Data from treatment with FMT in other conditions including Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Clostridioides difficile (C.diff) infection and PSC has shown FMT to be safe.
The primary aim of the FARGO trial is to determine the efficacy of FMT in patients with PSC. The FARGO trial will recruit 58 patients. Half will be randomised to FMT and half to placebo. The trial will be offered at a number of hospitals across England. Patients will be involved in the trial for 50 weeks, including a 2-week screening, 8 treatments over 8 weeks, and follow-up to 48 weeks post-randomisation. Trial visits will include the collection of health history, blood tests, stool tests, pregnancy tests (if applicable), medication reviews, disease specific measures, patient questionnaires and possible symptom and side-effect review. Research blood, urine, stool and colonic biopsy samples will also be collected.
149 studies on the registry are indexed under Cholangitis, Sclerosing; 39 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 58 is above the median of 34 across 94 interventional studies indexed under Cholangitis, Sclerosing.
Browse Cholangitis, Sclerosing studies →University of Birmingham is the lead sponsor of 182 studies on the registry; 29 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Evidence of early to moderate stage liver fibrosis, as suspected by any of the following:
Individuals with PSC having overlapping features of hepatitis may be included, provided:
Exclusion Criteria:
Presence of a clinically significant dominant stricture based on the combination of radiological, biochemical and clinical features. Patients can be included in the trial with a dominant extrahepatic stenosis if it has been stable for 6 months or more (as evidenced on imaging and also clinically), and one of the following are satisfied:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.
Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.
A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.
Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.
A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.
Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².
Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.
How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.
It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Biopsy and archival tissue
A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.
Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Immunosuppression
A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.
Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Corticosteroids (steroids)
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Autoimmune disease
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Clinically significant
Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Bilirubin
A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.
Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Platelets
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)
GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².
Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Creatinine clearance (CrCl)
How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Cancer (malignancy)
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Childbearing potential
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraception
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Investigational drug or device
A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.
It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
FMT is 50mL aliquots of filtered suspension of stool (0.6g/mL). FMT for administration via colonoscopy will be made up of 150g stool in 250mL (5 aliquots). FMT for administration via enema will be made up of 30g stool in 50mL (1 aliquot) made up to 100mL by the addition of 50mL normal saline
Biological: Faecal Microbiota Transplant
FMT Placebo is 50mL aliquots of 0.9% w/v saline and glycerol in a ratio of 9 parts saline: 1 part glycerol v/v.
Other: FMT Placebo
FMT is 50mL aliquots of filtered suspension of stool (0.6g/mL). FMT for administration via colonoscopy will be made up of 150g stool in 250mL (5 aliquots). FMT for administration via enema will be made up of 30g stool in 50mL (1 aliquot) made up to 100mL by the addition of 50mL normal saline
FMT Placebo is 50mL aliquots containing 0.9% w/v saline and glycerol in a ratio of 9 parts saline: 1 part glycerol v/v. FMT Placebo for administration via colonoscopy will be made up of 250mL (5 aliquots). FMT Placebo for administration via enema will be made up of 50mL (1 aliquot) made up to 100mL by the addition of 50mL normal saline
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Reduction in serum ALP values from baseline, measured at 48 weeks following the first dose of FMT or FMT Placebo.
Time frame: ALP at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis -Patient Reported Outcome (PSC-PRO) Questionnaire
Time frame: PSC-PRO at Screening (Week -2), Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure: short-form (SF)-36 Questionnaire
Time frame: SF-36 at Screening (Week -2), Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures: 5 dimensional itch scale (5D itch) Questionnaire
Time frame: 5D-Itch at Screening (Week -2), Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures: Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ)
Time frame: SIBDQ at Screening (Week -2), Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Surrogate biomarkers of liver fibrosis
Surrogate biomarkers of liver fibrosis: vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE)
Time frame: Surrogate biomarkers of liver fibrosis: VCTE at Screening (Week -2) and Week 48
Surrogate biomarkers of liver fibrosis
Surrogate biomarkers of liver fibrosis: enhanced liver fibrosis score (ELF)
Time frame: Surrogate biomarkers of liver fibrosis: ELF at Week 1, Week 5, Week 12, and Week 48
Routine liver laboratory parameters
Routine liver laboratory parameters: serum alanine transaminase (ALT)
Time frame: Routine liver laboratory parameters: ALT at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Routine liver laboratory parameters
Routine liver laboratory parameters: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Time frame: Routine liver laboratory parameters: AST at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Routine liver laboratory parameters
Routine liver laboratory parameters: bilirubin
Time frame: Routine liver laboratory parameters: bilirubin at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Routine liver laboratory parameters
Routine liver laboratory parameters: gamma glutamyl transferase
Time frame: Routine liver laboratory parameters: gamma glutamyl transferase at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Routine liver laboratory parameters
Routine liver laboratory parameters: albumin
Time frame: Routine liver laboratory parameters: albumin at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
PSC specific prognostic scores
PSC specific prognostic scores: the UK-PSC Score
Time frame: PSC specific prognostic scores: UK-PSC Score at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
PSC specific prognostic scores
PSC specific prognostic scores: the Amsterdam-Oxford PSC score
Time frame: PSC specific prognostic scores: Amsterdam-Oxford PSC Score at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Quantitative assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) activity
Quantitative assessment of IBD activity: The Mayo colitis score
Time frame: Quantitative assessment of IBD activity: Mayo colitis score at Week 1, Week 12 and Week 48
Quantitative assessment of IBD activity
Quantitative assessment of IBD activity: The Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD);
Time frame: Quantitative assessment of IBD activity: SES-CD at Week 1, Week 12 and Week 48
Quantitative assessment of IBD activity
Quantitative assessment of IBD activity: faecal calprotectin
Time frame: Quantitative assessment of IBD activity: faecal calprotectin at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 5, Week 12 and Week 48
The incidence of clinical non-trial endpoint events
The incidence of clinical non-trial endpoint events: acute cholangitis flares (including those that are resistant to single course antibiotic treatment), acute colitis flares, and episodes/time to hepatic decompensation
Time frame: The incidence of clinical non-trial endpoint events at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 5, Week 6, Week 7, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
The incidence of trial endpoint events
The incidence of trial endpoint events: cholangiocarcinoma / hepatopancreatobiliary malignancy, referral for liver transplantation, colonic resection or colorectal cancer, and/or mortality
Time frame: The incidence of trial endpoint events at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 5, Week 6, Week 7, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Occurrence of adverse events
Occurrence of adverse events as measured by CTCAE v5.0
Time frame: Occurrence of adverse events at Screening (Week -2), Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 5, Week 6, Week 7, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36 and Week 48
Plan to share: Yes — Anonymised patient level data may be shared in accordance with the Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU) Data Sharing Policy. More detailed information on the CRCTU's Data Sharing Policy and the mechanism for obtaining data can be found on the CRCTU website: https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/crctu/data-sharing-policy
Supporting information: Study protocol
Data sharing details ↗ · www.birmingham.ac.uk
Started Mar 2024 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Sep 2027, 42 months after the start.
Of 23 phase 2 interventional studies under Cholangitis, Sclerosing, half reached primary completion within 37 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 21 and three quarters within 62. This study's planned 42 months is above that.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
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