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RecruitingNCT06197386Updated Aug 1, 2024

Reliability and Validity of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire in Turkish

An observational study in Athletic Injuries, sponsored by Atılım University. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey. Open to participants aged 15 Years to 19 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-08-01.

Sponsored by Atılım University · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Aug 2024, 2 years 2 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
Study type
Observational
Model
Case-only
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
100
Ages
15 Years to 19 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and can predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population. Therefore, taking fear avoidance into account may be useful in creating the most appropriate and effective rehabilitation plan, thus shortening the time to return to play. The aim of our study is to verify the validity and reliability of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) in Turkish.

Read the detailed description

Sports injuries are a frequent occurrence that many athletes experience annually. Although sports injuries cause physical pain and disorders, they also have a psychological impact. One common psychological response to sports injuries is the fear of re-injury. Other potential psychological reactions of an injured athlete include anxiety, depression, frustration, tension, and decreased self-esteem. Psychological responses to sports injuries are typically highest immediately after the injury and decrease during the rehabilitation process. However, they often relapse just before returning to sports. If left unaddressed, these heightened psychological responses can impede rehabilitation progress and delay the return to sport.

Currently, there are several scales available to measure an athlete's readiness to return to play, such as the Sports Inventory for Pain and the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Scale. However, it is important to note that some of these surveys were conducted with student populations rather than athletes. Additionally, these scales are designed to be applied at the end of the rehabilitation process. The Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) was specifically developed to assess fear avoidance or pain-related fear in athletes.

The fear avoidance model was developed to explain how individuals experiencing exaggerated pain perception separate 'pain experience' and 'pain behavior' from the actual pain sensation. High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and can predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population. Therefore, considering fear avoidance may be helpful in developing an appropriate and effective rehabilitation plan, ultimately reducing the time required to return to play. The purpose of our study is to validate and assess the reliability of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) in Turkish.

02

Conditions studied

  • Athletic Injuries

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Keywords

  • Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ)
03

In context

Athletic Injuries

258 studies on the registry are indexed under Athletic Injuries; 45 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 100 is close to the median of 100 across 91 observational studies indexed under Athletic Injuries.

Browse Athletic Injuries studies →

Lead sponsor

Atılım University is the lead sponsor of 36 studies on the registry; 15 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
15 Years to 19 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

athlete

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being a licensed athlete for at least 5 years, being active in sports and training for the last 1 year, and weekly training intensity of at least 5 hours per week.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • It was defined as having a history of visual, mental or systemic disease.
05

Study design

Observational model
Case-only
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
100 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)

    The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a self-report scale used to measure exaggerated negative thoughts and feelings related to pain. It consists of 13 items and each item is scored between 0 (never) and 4 (always). Total score ranges from 0 to 52. The PCS consists of 3 subscales: Rumination: Anxious and repetitive thoughts about pain. Magnification: Exaggerating the severity and importance of pain. Helplessness: Feelings of helplessness and inability to control pain. PCS shows that there is a relationship between the way we perceive and manage pain and the severity of pain. Higher PCS scores are associated with more pain and greater functional impairment.

    Time frame: December 23, 2023

  2. Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)

    It is used to evaluate fear-avoidance behaviors related to work and physical activity, especially in patients with chronic low back pain. It consists of 16 items and 2 subscales. In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th items of the subscale (FABQfa), which includes fear-avoidance behaviors related to physical activities; The subscale (FABQiş), which includes work-related fear-avoidance behaviors, is questioned in the 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 15th items. Each item is rated between 0-6 points. Minimum score is 0; The highest score is 24 for FABQ(fa) and 42 for FABQ(business). A high score indicates that the patient has high fear-avoidance behaviors.

    Time frame: December 23, 2023

  3. Athlete Fear Avoidance Survey

    The fear avoidance model was developed to explain the process by which "pain experience" and "pain behavior" are separated from the actual pain sensation in individuals presenting the phenomenon of exaggerated pain perception. High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and successfully predict rehabilitation time in the sports-related injury population

    Time frame: December 23, 2023

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Start is estimated for Jul 2024; primary completion for Aug 2024, 0 months later.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Dec 23, 2023
First posted
Jan 9, 2024
StartEst.
Jul 31, 2024
Primary completionEst.
Aug 25, 2024
CompletionEst.
Sep 1, 2024
Last update
Aug 1, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 1, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06197386
Lead sponsor
Atılım University
Responsible party
NAİME ULUG (Director, Atılım University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 9, 2024
Start date
Jul 31, 2024 (estimated)
Primary completion
Aug 25, 2024 (estimated)
Completion
Sep 1, 2024 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 1, 2024

Study contacts

Naime Uluğ, PhD.
Contact
naime.ulug@atilim.edu.tr
+905365434409
Seyde Büşra Kodak, MSc
Contact
seyde.kodak@ahievran.edu.tr
+905511607016
Naime Uluğ, PhD.
principal investigator · ATILIM UNİVERSİTY

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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