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CompletedNCT06175559Updated Apr 30, 2026

Embedded Narrative in Interactive Game Design for Improving Medication Adherence of Schizophrenia

An interventional study of Healing Town: Embedded Narrative in Interactive Game (Psycho-education Tool) Design in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders, Medication Adherence and Mental Health Issue, sponsored by Zhu Dian. Completed at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 60 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-30.

Sponsored by Zhu Dian · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 3 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Sep 2023, registered Dec 2023).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
20
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years to 60 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study explores the potential of an interactive narrative game to enhance medication adherence among stable schizophrenia patients. Employing participatory design methods, game's development and testing process actively involved patients and individuals closely connected to their daily lives. Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) facilitated swift iterations in game's visual style and content. During game therapy, patients are tasked with making decisions based on presented situations, which influence the course of the narrative.

Read the detailed description

Our game design is inspired by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), specifically the autonomic engagement and emotion regulation for the treatment of stable schizophrenic patients. This design aims to motivate patients to practice the basic principles of CBT in a virtual environment with the aim of producing positive psychological and behavioral changes in real life.

To ensure that the interactive design in the game can effectively promote cognitive reconstruction and emotional regulation in patients, the investigators used the following game interaction strategies:

  1. Situational simulation: By simulating real-life situations, patients face challenges and make decisions in the game that are similar to those in real life, so as to train their cognitive and emotional regulation.
  2. Immediate feedback: Provide patients with immediate feedback during the game so that they can understand the impact of their decisions on the outcome of the game, thus encouraging them to make more positive decisions in real life.
  3. Role-imitation: Encourage patients to take an in-depth look at their thoughts and behaviors from a third-person perspective by having them take on the role of a therapy practitioner.
02

Conditions studied

  • Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
  • Medication Adherence
  • Mental Health Issue
  • Gamification
03

In context

Schizophrenia

3,471 studies on the registry are indexed under Schizophrenia; 472 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 20 is below the median of 70 across 2,872 interventional studies indexed under Schizophrenia.

Browse Schizophrenia studies →

Lead sponsor

Zhu Dian is the lead sponsor of 3 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 60 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Stable Phase Schizophrenia
  • on long-term medication
  • medication adherence was problematic

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Serious Schizophrenia
  • Lack of basic cognitive abilities
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
20 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Healing Town: Embedded Narrative in Interactive Game Design

    The game-based medication intervention game "Wanping Town" in this study employed a multidisciplinary participatory design approach rooted in narrative theory and behavioral psychology models. The game consists of two perspectives: narrative decision stories and cognitive games. The investigators initially employed participatory design methods to determine the plot and elements within the game, then embedded the conclusions into the therapeutic elements of the game.

    Combination Product: Healing Town: Embedded Narrative in Interactive Game (Psycho-education Tool) Design

Interventions

  • Combination productHealing Town: Embedded Narrative in Interactive Game (Psycho-education Tool) Design

    The narrative-based medication intervention game "Healing Town" in this study employed a multidisciplinary participatory design approach rooted in narrative theory and behavioral psychology models. The game consists of two perspectives: narrative decision stories and cognitive games. The investigators initially employed participatory design methods to determine the plot and elements within the game, then embedded the conclusions into the therapeutic elements of the game

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Medication Adherence

    Medication Adherence - Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8): This scale assesses medication adherence through 8 items, providing a comprehensive evaluation of adherence.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  2. Medication Attitude

    Medication Attitude - Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) : This scale evaluates patients' attitudes toward medication, with higher scores indicating better attitudes.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

Secondary outcomes

  1. Game Experience

    the In-Game Core Scale (iGEQ): a standardized tool used to measure a player's experience while playing a video game. It was developed by researchers to understand how players feel during gameplay, based on psychological and emotional factors.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  2. Anxiety

    Anxiety - Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) : This scale measures the level of anxiety in individuals, categorizing the severity into mild, moderate, and severe levels.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  3. Depression

    Depression - Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9): This scale assesses the severity of depressive symptoms, categorizing the level of depression from mild to severe.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  4. Patients' Quality of Life

    World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) : This scale evaluates overall quality of life and health status, with a focus on physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  5. Social Functioning

    Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS): This scale assesses the degree of social disability, with higher scores indicating more severe social dysfunction.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  6. Clinical Symptoms

    Clinical Symptoms - Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): This scale evaluates clinical symptoms across five factors, including anxiety-depression, lack of vitality, thought disturbances, activation, and hostile suspicion.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality 200240, China
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Liu Z, Zhu D, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Yang H, Chang F, Zhang W, Cai J. Effects of a narrative-based psychoeducational intervention on medication adherence in individuals with schizophrenia: a multicentre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2025 Sep 4;88:103483. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103483. eCollection 2025 Oct. PubMed 40979217 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — You can contact the author to obtain data, including patient medication adherence data before and after the experiment, interview data, and questionnaire data.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap, Icf, Csr, Analytic code

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 30, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06175559
Lead sponsor
Zhu Dian
Responsible party
Zhu Dian (Principal Investigator, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Dec 19, 2023
Start date
Sep 1, 2023
Primary completion
Aug 1, 2024
Completion
Sep 1, 2025
Last update
Apr 30, 2026

Study contacts

Zhao Liu, Prof
study director · Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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