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CompletedNCT06126458Updated Nov 13, 2023

the Effect of Stabilization on Archery Performance

An observational study in Athletic Injuries and Instability, Joint, sponsored by Aynur Demirel. Completed at 1 site in Turkey. Open to participants aged 10 Years to 18 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-11-13.

Sponsored by Aynur Demirel · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Case-control
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
40
Ages
10 Years to 18 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stabilization and stabilization-related parameters on shooting performance at the cervical, lumbal and scapular levels in archery athletes. A total of 40 archery athletes aged between 10 and 18, who have been professionally engaged in archery for at least 1 year were included in the study. Demographic information and musculoskeletal system evaluations of the athletes were done. Performance of the athletes via Upper Extremity Closed Kinetic Chain Stability Test, Hand Grip Strength test; presence of scapular dyskinesia was evaluated via the Lateral Scapular Slide Test. Cervical region stabilization was evaluated via Craniocervical Flexion Test, scapular level stabilization was evaluated via Scapular Muscle Endurance Test, lumbar region stabilization was evaluated via Abdominal Drawing-in Test and Sahrmann's Core Stability Test. As the parameters related to stabilization, postures via Corbin Postural Rating Scale; balances via Stork Balance Test, Upper Extremity Y Balance Test; pain was evaluated via the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. Shooting performances were evaluated with 72 target shootings and a total of 720 points. .

Read the detailed description

Archery can be described as a comparatively static sport requiring strength and endurance of the upper body, in particular the forearm and shoulder girdle. Skill in archery is defined as the ability to shoot an arrow to a given target in a certain time span with accuracy. The discipline is described as a three-phase (the stance, the drawing and the sighting) movement. Shooting can be divided these phases into six: bow hold, drawing, full draw, aiming, release and follow-through. Each of these phases represented a stable sequence of movements and was ideal for studying the motor control and skill acquired during this voluntary kinematic process.

An archer pushes the bow with an extended arm, which is statically held in the direction of the target, while the other arm exerts a dynamic pulling of the bowstring from the beginning of the drawing phase, until the release is dynamically executed. The release phase must be well balanced and highly reproducible to achieve commendable results in a competition.

The bowstring is released when an audible impulse is received from a device called "clicker" that is used as a draw length check. Each arrow can be drawn to an exact distance and a standard release can be obtained using the device. The clicker is reputed to improve the archer's score and used by all target archers. The archer should react to the clicker as quickly as possible. In particular, a repeated contraction and relaxation strategy in the forearm and pull finger muscles should be developed for this reason.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stabilization and stabilization-related parameters on shooting performance at the cervical, lumbal and scapular levels in archery athletes. A total of 40 archery athletes aged between 10 and 18, who have been professionally engaged in archery for at least 1 year were included in the study. Demographic information and musculoskeletal system evaluations of the athletes were done. Performance of the athletes via Upper Extremity Closed Kinetic Chain Stability Test, Hand Grip Strength test; presence of scapular dyskinesia was evaluated via the Lateral Scapular Slide Test. Cervical region stabilization was evaluated via Craniocervical Flexion Test, scapular level stabilization was evaluated via Scapular Muscle Endurance Test, lumbar region stabilization was evaluated via Abdominal Drawing-in Test and Sahrmann's Core Stability Test. As the parameters related to stabilization, postures via Corbin Postural Rating Scale; balances via Stork Balance Test, Upper Extremity Y Balance Test; pain was evaluated via the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. Shooting performances were evaluated with 72 target shootings and a total of 720 points. .

02

Conditions studied

  • Athletic Injuries
  • Instability, Joint
03

In context

Joint Instability

147 studies on the registry are indexed under Joint Instability; 22 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 40 is below the median of 58 across 66 observational studies indexed under Joint Instability.

Browse Joint Instability studies →

Lead sponsor

Aynur Demirel is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
10 Years to 18 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

healty elite archery athletes

Inclusion criteria

  • healty athletes who have been professionally engaged in archery for at least 1 year
  • using same type of equipment(compound or recurve)
  • being volunteer

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • who have orthopedic or neurological problems in last one year
  • having structural or functional scoliosis
  • no surgical operations
  • BMI>30 kg/m2
05

Study design

Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
40 participants (actual)
Target follow-up
2 Days
Patient registry
Yes

Groups and cohorts

  • Good shooting performance

    archery athletes who had 589 and more

    Other: shooting performance

  • Bad shooting performance

    archery athletes who had 588 and less

    Other: shooting performance

Interventions

  • Othershooting performance

    collecting total points after 72 target shootings done

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. cervical stabilization

    cervical stabilization assess with craniocervical flexion test.

    Time frame: baseline

  2. lumbar stabilization grade

    lumbar stabilization asses with sahrmann's core stability test and will grade according to test outcome.

    Time frame: baseline

  3. lumbar stabilizator muscle contraction

    the athlete perform abdominal drawing in meneuver and contraction amount record.

    Time frame: baseline

  4. scapular dyskinesis type

    Kibler's scapular diskinesis test and lateral scapular slide test

    Time frame: baseline

  5. scapular dyskinesis amount

    lateral scapular slide test

    Time frame: baseline

  6. sportive performance

    the athlete will shoot 72 arrows to the target and tthe total points will record as score.

    Time frame: baseline

Secondary outcomes

  1. balance assessment

    upper extremity Y balance test

    Time frame: baseline

  2. static balance assessment

    stand stork test

    Time frame: baseline

  3. posture

    Corbin posture assessment

    Time frame: baseline

  4. disability

    shoulder pain related disability will assess with The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The SPADI has 13 items. Each item is scored on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain or no disability and 10 indicating the worst pain or disability possible. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more pain and disability.

    Time frame: baseline

  5. upper extremity performance

    upper extremity erformance assess with upper extremity closed chain stability test

    Time frame: baseline

  6. hand grip strenght

    hand grip streng assess with hand dynamometer

    Time frame: baseline

  7. muscle tightness

    pectoralis minor, shoulder abductor\&internal rotator and trapezious muscle tightness assess

    Time frame: baseline

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Hacettepe University
    Ankara, Sıhhiye 06100, Turkey
08

References and documents

Publications

  • 1. Book 3, Target Archery [Erişim Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2022]. Available from: https://rulebook.worldarchery.sport/PDF/Official/2021-01-01/EN-Book3.pdf 2. Target Archery [Erişim Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2022] [Available from: https://worldarchery.sport/sport/disciplines/target-archery. 3. Yönal G, Turkmen M. TÜRK KÜLTÜR YAŞAMINDA OKÇULUK. ASOS Journal. 2017;5:523-33. 4. Atabeyoğlu C. Okçuluk Tarihi. Ankara: Türk Spor Vakfı Yayınları Başkent Yayınevi; 1988. 5. Martin PE, Siler WL, Hoffman D. Electromyographic analysis of bow string release in highly skilled archers. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1990;8(3):215-21. 6. akınoğlu B, Kocahan T, Birben Kurt T, Çoban Ö, Soylu C, Yildirim N. Paralimpik Okçuların ve Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Oyuncularının Core Stabilizasyon Verilerinin Karşılaştırılması. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;1:21-7. 7. History. [Erişim Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2022] [Available from: https://worldarchery.sport/sport/history. 8. Members. [Erişim Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2022] [Available from: https://worldarchery.sport/members. 9. Gazoz M, Şimşek Y. Okçuluk Ders Kitabı. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları; 2019. 10. Indoor Archery [Erişim Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2022] [Available from: https://worldarchery.sport/sport/disciplines/indoor-archery. 11. Okçuluk-Yarışma-Talimatı V-01. [Erişim Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2022] [Available from: https://www.tof.gov.tr/federasyon/talimatlar/. 12. Equipment Erişim Tarihi 14 Mayıs 2022 [Available from: https://worldarchery.sport/sport/equipment. 13. Mohamed M, Azhar A. Postural Sway And Shooting Accuracy Of Skilled Recurve Archers. Movement, Health & Exercise. 2012;1. 14. Nishizono H, Shibayama H, Izuta T, Saito K. Analysis of Archery Shooting Techniques by Means of Electromyography. 1987. 15. Tak K-H. Archery: Korea Archery Association; 2012. 301 p. 16. Charles D. Archery: Skills. Tactics. Techniques: T.H.E. Crowood Press LTD; 2015. 17. Sarro K, Viana T, Barros R. Relationship between bow stability and postural control in recurve archery. European Journal of Sport Science. 2020;21. 18. Stone RT. The Biomechanical and Physiological link between Archery Techniques and Performance. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 2007;51(18):1227-31. 19. Spratford W, Campbell R. Postural stability, clicker reaction time and bow draw force predict performance in elite recurve archery. European Journal of Sport Science. 2017;17(5):539-45. 20. Shinohara H. Analysis of muscular activity in archery: A compar. 2018. 21. Vendrame E, Belluscio V, Truppa L, Rum L, Lazich A, Bergamini E, et al. Performance assessment in archery: a systematic review. Sports Biomechanics. 2022:1-23. 22. Lin J-J, Hung C-J, Yang C-C, Chen H-Y, Chou F-C, Lu T-W. Activation and tremor of the shoulder muscles to the demands of an archery task. Journal of sports sciences. 2010;28(4):415-21. 23. Azhar S, Sharma S, Sharma S, Tanwar T. EMG activity of transversus abdominis, multifidus and co-contraction index in different phases amongst varied level archers: A cross-sectional study. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism. 2021;28(1):19-23. 24. Stone RT, editor The biomechanical and physiological link between archery techniques and performance. Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting; 2007: SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. 25. Ahmad Z, Taha Z, Hassan HA, Hisham MA, Johari NH, Kadirgama K, editors. Biomechanics measurements in archery. International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research (ICMER2013); 2013.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 13, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06126458
Lead sponsor
Aynur Demirel
Responsible party
Aynur Demirel (PT, PhD, Assoc. Prof., Hacettepe University) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Nov 13, 2023
Start date
Nov 5, 2021
Primary completion
Nov 6, 2022
Completion
Nov 6, 2022
Last update
Nov 13, 2023

Study contacts

Aynur Demirel, Assoc. Prof.
principal investigator · Hacettepe University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Nov 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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