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CompletedNCT06063655Updated Aug 19, 2026

Effects of Two Novel Hydration Beverage Formulas on Rehydration in Adults

An interventional study of Control: Water and Liquid IV hydration multiplier in Dehydration, sponsored by University of Memphis. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 49 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-19.

Sponsored by University of Memphis · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
7
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 49 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The electrolyte test products are composed of powder and provided in individual stick packs with 5 vitamins including Vitamins B3, B5, B6, B12 and Vitamin C. The products are gluten-, soy-, and dairy-free, and provide electrolytes at concentrations well below the daily value (DV). The DV tells us how much a particular nutrient in a serving of a food product contributes to a daily diet, based on a standard 2000 calorie diet. Despite what the name suggests, this product is taken orally, not intravenously. These packets contain a small percentage of the needed total daily electrolytes but adequate amounts to replace lost electrolytes as a result of physical activity.

The products will be consumed following a 90-minute bout of cycling exercise at a moderate intensity of 70-80% max heart rate, at 30-32°C (86-89°F) and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. This same exercise duration and room temperature has been used in a recent study, which also utilized the same body temperature monitoring device as proposed in the present study. The purpose of the exercise bout is to simulate what many individuals are exposed to when exercising in the heat and to moderately dehydrate subjects, as would be the case during a moderate run or cycling event in exercise-trained individuals.

Subjects will report to the lab on three separate occasions to consume one of the 3 drinks (hydration multiplier, sugar-free hydration matrix, or water), in random order. The drinks will be consumed during the post-exercise period (30 minutes following the completion of exercise).

Read the detailed description

Maintaining adequate hydration is essential to optimal health, as well as athletic performance. When individuals exercise (in particular in a warm environment), they can lose excessive amounts of fluids along with necessary electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride) through sweating. With dehydration, individuals may feel sluggish and can experience impaired physical performance.

The use of electrolytes (sodium in particular) has been used for decades to aid athlete hydration and has led to the development of various sport drinks (e.g., Gatorade, Powerade) -which also include small amounts of carbohydrate.

This study will evaluate the hydration effects of two electrolyte products dissolved in water (Hydration Multiplier and Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier) compared to a placebo (water). The nutrient composition of the Sugar-Free hydration Multiplier is similar to the Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier product currently on the market but without sugar content.

The electrolyte test products are composed of powder and provided in individual stick packs with 5 vitamins including Vitamins B3, B5, B6, B12 and Vitamin C. The products are gluten-, soy-, and dairy-free, and provide electrolytes at concentrations well below the daily value (DV). The DV tells us how much a particular nutrient in a serving of a food product contributes to a daily diet, based on a standard 2000 calorie diet. Despite what the name suggests, this product is taken orally, not intravenously. These packets contain a small percentage of the needed total daily electrolytes but adequate amounts to replace lost electrolytes as a result of physical activity.

The products will be consumed following a 90-minute bout of cycling exercise at a moderate intensity of 70-80% max heart rate, at 30-32°C (86-89°F) and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. This same exercise duration and room temperature has been used in a recent study, which also utilized the same body temperature monitoring device as proposed in the present study. The purpose of the exercise bout is to simulate what many individuals are exposed to when exercising in the heat and to moderately dehydrate subjects, as would be the case during a moderate run or cycling event in exercise-trained individuals.

Subjects will report to the lab on three separate occasions to consume one of the 3 drinks (hydration multiplier, sugar-free hydration matrix, or water), in random order. The drinks will be consumed during the post-exercise period (30 minutes following the completion of exercise).

This study design and outcomes have been similarly used in previous rehydration studies that utilized exercise in heat to induce \~2% body weight loss with different test products . This study will help further the knowledge on how different formulations of hydration beverages (e.g., different carbohydrate and electrolyte compositions) alter rehydration following exercise. It is hypothesized that both test products will provide improved rehydration above water alone during the post-exercise period. Moreover, it is believed that the sugar free product may improve hydration similar to the standard Hydration Multiplier.

02

Conditions studied

  • Dehydration

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03

In context

Dehydration

201 studies on the registry are indexed under Dehydration; 28 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 7 is below the median of 43 across 145 interventional studies indexed under Dehydration.

Browse Dehydration studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Memphis is the lead sponsor of 44 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 49 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • (BMI) between 17.0-29.9 kg/m2 (not obese)
  • Resting heart rate less than 90 beats per minute; although, if less than 40 beats per minute subject must get clearance from a medical professional
  • Not hypertensive (Systolic \<140 mmHg and Diastolic \<90 mmHg)
  • Have not had in the 3 months prior to screening or planning to have a major surgery during study period
  • Physically capable and willing to ingest the assigned amount of fluid while cycling and at rest for visits 3, 4, and 5
  • Must be moderately trained; engage in moderate intensity, intermittent, or steady-state exercise at least 3 days per week for at least one hour at a time.
  • Willing to maintain the same level of physical activity throughout the study period, except during the 24 hour period prior to each study visit.
  • Achieve a peak maximal oxygen consumption at screening that is at least 60% of their age and gender matched normative value per American College of Sports Medicine recommendations.
  • Capable of completing 90 minutes of self-paced stationary cycling (\~70-80% max heart rate) in a heated environmental chamber (\~30-32°C (86-89°F) with \~50% RH).
  • Can drink a minimum of 2.0 L fluid (if female) or 2.5 L fluid (if male) the day prior to test visits
  • For visits 3-5, subjects must have a urine specific gravity less than 1.020.
  • For visit 3-5, subject must not have exercised within 24 hours of visit
  • Consume no more than two standard alcoholic drinks per day on a regular basis and during study period.
  • Maintain diet, exercise, BMI, medication, and dietary supplements throughout study period as changes may alter hydration and electrolyte levels and result in changes to outcome measures.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • If female, lactating, pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study.
  • Have a known sensitivity or allergy to any of the study products
  • Have a history of diabetes
  • Have a history of known cardiovascular disease
  • Have a history of a diagnosis of celiac disease, chronic pancreatitis, steatorrhea, unstable thyroid disease, immune disorder (i.e., /AIDS), cancer (except localized skin cancer without or in situ cervical cancer within 5 years prior to screening visit).
  • Have an active or uncontrolled diseases or conditions
  • Have had a current or previous Corona virus disease 2019 diagnosis in the three months prior to screening.
  • Have any medical conditions that may impact ability to exercise or ability to ingest prescribed fluid volume as determined by the study nurse, including infection or illness
  • Weighing less than 80 lbs at any visit; although very unlikely, we need to maintain this cut off, as too low a body mass is unhealthy.
  • Has taken within 30 days or within seven half-lives (whichever is longer) of first test visit: selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRI), Apremilast, caffeine-containing drugs, (systemic use), Decongestants, Diuretics, Laxatives, Muscle relaxants, Opioid painkillers, Statins, Oral antibiotics
  • Has taken within 30 days of first test visit: Calcium, Dandelion, Lithium orotate, Potassium citrate, Watercress, Inhalables smokables, or the like cigarettes, vaporizers, water pipes, or cannabis
  • Has taken within 24 hours prior to test visit: Alcohol, Caffeine (including coffee, tea, energy drinks, etc. prohibited in the 12hrs prior to each dose of the study product), Laxatives, Diuretics, or Sports drinks (electrolyte drinks)
  • received or use test product(s) in another research study in the 28 days prior to baseline visit (Familiarization, Visit/Visit 2), or longer if the previous test product is deemed by the investigator to have lasting effects that might influence the eligibility criteria or outcomes of the current study.
  • have any other active or unstable medical conditions or use medications, supplements, or therapies that, in the opinion of the investigator, may adversely affect the participant's ability to complete the study or its measures or pose a significant risk to the participant.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Metastases

Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
7 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Water, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free

    Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: water, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, and Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier.

    Dietary Supplement: Control: Water · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier

  • Experimental
    Water, Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier

    Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: water, Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier.

    Dietary Supplement: Control: Water · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier

  • Experimental
    Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free, Water

    Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and water.

    Dietary Supplement: Control: Water · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier

  • Experimental
    Hydration Multiplier, Water, Sugar-Free

    Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, water, and Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier.

    Dietary Supplement: Control: Water · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier

  • Experimental
    Sugar-Free, Water, Hydration Multiplier

    Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, water, and Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier.

    Dietary Supplement: Control: Water · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier

  • Experimental
    Sugar-Free, Hydration Multiplier, Water

    Subjects will undergo three 90-min cycling bouts at 70-80% maximal hear rate, 86-89 degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 50% relative humidity spaced 1-2 weeks apart. Subjects will be provided with a different test drink after each cycling bout at an amount equivalent to150% of sweat losses and evaluated for rehydration. Subjects randomly assigned to this arm will be provided with the experimental/placebo conditions in the following order: Liquid IV Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, Liquid IV Hydration Multiplier, and water.

    Dietary Supplement: Control: Water · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV hydration multiplier · Dietary Supplement: Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementControl: Water

    Water will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour).

  • Dietary supplementLiquid IV hydration multiplier

    Liquid IV hydration multiplier will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour).

  • Dietary supplementLiquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier

    Liquid IV sugar-free hydration multiplier will be provided to subject divided into 3 equal portions with each portion consumed over 10 minutes with 15 minutes between portions (rehydration period of 1 hour).

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Body weight

    body weight will be measured using a digital scale

    Time frame: baseline (prior to cycling)

  2. Body weight

    body weight will be measured using a digital scale

    Time frame: 0 minutes after 90-minute cycle bout

  3. Body weight

    body weight will be measured using a digital scale

    Time frame: 30 minutes after cycling

  4. Body weight

    body weight will be measured using a digital scale

    Time frame: 4 hours and 30 minutes after cycling

  5. Urine Volume

    urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale

    Time frame: baseline (prior to cycling)

  6. Urine Volume

    urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale

    Time frame: 0 minutes after cycling

  7. Urine Volume

    urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale

    Time frame: 30 minutes after cycling

  8. Urine Volume

    urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale

    Time frame: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  9. Urine Volume

    urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale

    Time frame: 2 hours 30 minutes after cycling

  10. Urine Volume

    urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale

    Time frame: 3 hours 30 minutes after cycling

  11. Urine Volume

    urine will be collected in a tray and then weighed on a digital scale

    Time frame: 4 hours 30 minutes after cycling

  12. Urine osmolality

    Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray

    Time frame: baseline (prior to cycling)

  13. Urine osmolality

    Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray

    Time frame: 0 minutes after cycling

  14. Urine osmolality

    Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray

    Time frame: 30 minutes after cycling

  15. Urine osmolality

    Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray

    Time frame: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  16. Urine osmolality

    Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray

    Time frame: 2 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  17. Urine osmolality

    Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray

    Time frame: 3 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  18. Urine osmolality

    Osmolality will be determined from a urine sample collected in a tray

    Time frame: 4 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  19. Urine specific gravity

    specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected

    Time frame: first morning urine (~2 hours before visit)

  20. Urine specific gravity

    specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected

    Time frame: baseline (before cycling)

  21. Urine specific gravity

    specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected

    Time frame: 0 minutes after cycling

  22. Urine specific gravity

    specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected

    Time frame: 30 minutes after cycling

  23. Urine specific gravity

    specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected

    Time frame: 1 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  24. Urine specific gravity

    specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected

    Time frame: 2 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  25. Urine specific gravity

    specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected

    Time frame: 3 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  26. Urine specific gravity

    specific gravity will be determined using a refractometer from a urine sample collected

    Time frame: 4 hour 30 minutes after cycling (following rehydration period)

  27. Plasma Osmolality

    Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality

    Time frame: baseline (before cycling)

  28. Electrolyte levels

    electrolyte levels will be measured in blood

    Time frame: baseline (before cycling)

  29. Percent plasma volume

    Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.

    Time frame: baseline (before cycling)

  30. Plasma Osmolality

    Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality

    Time frame: 30 minutes post cycling

  31. Electrolyte levels

    electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)

    Time frame: 30 minutes post cycling

  32. Percent plasma volume

    Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.

    Time frame: 30 minutes post cycling

  33. Plasma Osmolality

    Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality

    Time frame: 60 minutes post cycling

  34. Electrolyte levels

    electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)

    Time frame: 60 minutes post cycling

  35. Percent plasma volume

    Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.

    Time frame: 60 minutes post cycling

  36. Plasma Osmolality

    Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality

    Time frame: 120 minutes post cycling

  37. Electrolyte levels

    electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)

    Time frame: 120 minutes post cycling

  38. Percent plasma volume

    Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.

    Time frame: 120 minutes post cycling

  39. Plasma Osmolality

    Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality

    Time frame: 150 minutes post cycling

  40. Electrolyte levels

    electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)

    Time frame: 150 minutes post cycling

  41. Percent plasma volume

    Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.

    Time frame: 150 minutes post cycling

  42. Plasma Osmolality

    Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality

    Time frame: 210 minutes post cycling

  43. Electrolyte levels

    electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)

    Time frame: 210 minutes post cycling

  44. Percent plasma volume

    Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.

    Time frame: 210 minutes post cycling

  45. Plasma Osmolality

    Blood will be collected to determine plasma osmolality

    Time frame: 270 minutes post cycling

  46. Electrolyte levels

    electrolyte levels (Sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide total) will be measured in blood (millimoles per liter)

    Time frame: 270 minutes post cycling

  47. Percent plasma volume

    Percent plasma volume will be determined by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood.

    Time frame: 270 minutes post cycling

Secondary outcomes

  1. Body temperature

    Body temperature will be monitored during cycling

    Time frame: Every 10 minutes during cycling

  2. Heart rate

    Heart rate will be monitored during cycling

    Time frame: Every 10 minutes during cycling

  3. Rate of Perceived Exertion

    Rate of Perceived Exertion using a Borg scale from 6 (easy) to 20 (maximal effort) will be reported during cycling

    Time frame: Every 10 minutes during cycling

  4. maximal oxygen consumption

    maximal oxygen consumption will be determined via a cycling test

    Time frame: At screening

  5. Height

    Height will be measured using a stadiometer

    Time frame: At screening

  6. Weight

    Weight will be determined using a digital scale

    Time frame: At screening

  7. Waist/Hip ratio

    Waist/Hip ratio will be determined by measuring each circumference with a tape measure

    Time frame: At screening

  8. Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure

    Diastolic blood pressure will be measured after a 10 minute rest sitting using a digital machine

    Time frame: At screening

  9. Resting Systolic Blood Pressure

    Systolic blood pressure will be measured after a 10 minute rest sitting using a digital machine

    Time frame: At screening

  10. Heart Rate

    Heart Rate will be measured after a 10 minute rest sitting using a digital machine

    Time frame: At screening

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research
    Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 19, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06063655
Lead sponsor
University of Memphis
Responsible party
Richard Bloomer (Dean of the College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis) — Principal investigator
First posted
Oct 2, 2023
Start date
Sep 7, 2023
Primary completion
May 1, 2024
Completion
May 1, 2024
Last update
Aug 19, 2026

Study contacts

Richard Bloomer, PhD
principal investigator · University of Memphis

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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