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TerminatedNCT06021236MBI-CIEDUpdated Apr 14, 2026

Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device

An interventional study of mindfulness-based intervention and CIED procedure routine care in Mindfulness Training, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices and Resilience, Psychological, sponsored by Chien Chih-Yin. Terminated at 1 site in Taiwan. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 100 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-14.

Sponsored by Chien Chih-Yin · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

Why this study was terminated
We have successfully reached the required sample size for this study. Participant recruitment has been completed.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
34
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 100 Years
Sex
All
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Study summary

An implantable cardiac defibrillator (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; ICD) can effectively improve heart rhythm problems and reduce sudden death, and is widely used in the treatment of high-risk patients with fatal arrhythmias or heart rhythm problems that cannot be controlled by drugs . In the whole case of arrhythmia, after receiving home-based cardiac fibrillator treatment, Patients often experience uncertainty, feel the changes in heart, feel the shock of being shocked by the electric shock, and worry about death, These psychological distress, which were characterized by anxiety and depression. for universal. About 25% of patients present with symptoms of anxiety at the time of hospitalization, and 50% suffer from depression which seriously affects quality of life. Therefore, the main purpose of this study to alleviate the occurrence of anxiety and depression, promote disease patients to regain life adaptation, develop accessible care strategies with midfulness-based intervention to help patients overcome psychological distress, reduce stress, anxiety and prevent depression.

Read the detailed description

This study with randomized clinical trial design (randomized clinical trial) and qualitative research, which is a qualitative mixed-methods research. Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group in a 1:1 manner. The experimental group received the mindfulness-based intervention designed and routine care , and the control group received general routine care. Both groups completed a total of four questionnaires at the pretest (T0), discharge (T1), the first month of discharge (T2), and the third month of discharge (T3), including anxiety, depression, resilience, stress perception scale and other basic data such as demographics and disease characteristics were collected in the pretest.

This study held an expert meeting to extract the techniques of mindfulness measures suitable for this disease attribute and the elderly group, including: breathing awareness, body scanning, mindful yoga, mindful eating, and loving-kindness meditation. From the time when the patient signed up for the first cardiac device surgery schedule, the experimental group who met the including criteria followed the routine care of the hospital and was involved in teaching the above mindfulness skills, while the control group still followed the routine care.

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Conditions studied

  • Mindfulness Training
  • Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices
  • Resilience, Psychological
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Perceived Stress
03

In context

Anxiety Disorders

4,868 studies on the registry are indexed under Anxiety Disorders; 1,390 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 34 is below the median of 80 across 4,174 interventional studies indexed under Anxiety Disorders.

Browse Anxiety Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

This is the only study on the registry with Chien Chih-Yin as lead sponsor.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 100 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Patients receiving implanted cardiac devices for the first time (including cardiac defibrillator ICD and Pacemaker).
  2. Adults over 20 years old.
  3. Those who have clear consciousness and can communicate in Chinese and Taiwanese.
  4. Score of 8 or above on the Hospital Anxiety or Depression Scale.
  5. Barthel Index above 70 points.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Diagnosed with dementia by a physician.
  2. Diagnosed with mental disorders, including cognitive disorders, organic psychosis and affective psychosis.
  3. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer.
  4. Long-term bed ridden.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
34 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    mindfulness-based intervention and routine care

    mindfulness-based intervention including: breathing awareness, body scanning, mindful yoga, mindful eating, and loving-kindness meditation. From the time when the patients signed up to be the first to receive the cardiac device surgery schedule, the experimental group that met the including criteria, in addition to following the routine care of the hospital, was involved in teaching the above mindfulness skills, and Osaka continued to follow the regular care.

    Behavioral: mindfulness-based intervention · Other: CIED procedure routine care

  • Other
    The control group received the CIED procedure routine care

    From the time when the patients signed up to be the first to receive the cardiac device surgery schedule, the control group that met the including criteria take routine care of the hospital.

    Other: CIED procedure routine care

Interventions

  • Behavioralmindfulness-based intervention

    Diet meditation breath awareness body scan mindfulness yoga Compassionate blessing

    Also known as: mindfulness-based intervention with CIED procedure routine care

  • OtherCIED procedure routine care

    CIED procedure home care guidance

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Anxiety

    This study used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess anxiety in patients. This scale provides anxiety (HADS-A) scores.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 months

  2. Resilience

    This study uses the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), which was developed by Connor and Davidson (2003) in the United States who regarded resilience as a measurable stress response ability.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 months

  3. Perceived Stress

    This study uses the Perceived Stress Scale, which was compiled by Cohen et al. (1983) and translated from the Chinese version of Chu and Gao (2005). , the degree of stress in life.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 months

  4. Depression

    This study used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess depression in patients. This scale provides anxiety (HADS-D) scores.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Demographic Information

    Collect age, gender, education level, marital status, occupation, smoking, drinking, disease history, other disease history, and exercise habits with self-made basic data sheets.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 months

  2. body mass index

    weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 months

  3. Feelings and experiences by interview of home-based cardiac device patients receiving pre-procedure mindfulness intervention program

    Intentional sampling with phenomenological method. Conduct one-on-one interview recordings for the research subjects in the experimental group to collect the feelings and experiences of patients with implanted cardiac devices who received the mindfulness-based preoperative intervention program. It is expected to close the case until the data is saturated.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 months

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Study locations

1 site
  • MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management
    Taipei, 11260, Taiwan
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Freedenberg VA, Thomas SA, Friedmann E. A pilot study of a mindfulness based stress reduction program in adolescents with implantable cardioverter defibrillators or pacemakers. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015 Apr;36(4):786-95. doi: 10.1007/s00246-014-1081-5. Epub 2014 Dec 12. PubMed 25519914 ↗
  • Hazlett-Stevens H, Singer J, Chong A. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy with Older Adults: A Qualitative Review of Randomized Controlled Outcome Research. Clin Gerontol. 2019 Jul-Sep;42(4):347-358. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2018.1518282. Epub 2018 Sep 11. PubMed 30204557 ↗
  • Hopgood DA, Czosek RJ, Bakas T, Garritano N, Gillespie GL. The Capture Gap: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Quality of Life. Clin Nurs Res. 2020 Feb;29(2):97-107. doi: 10.1177/1054773818803741. Epub 2018 Oct 7. PubMed 30295057 ↗
  • Li SYH, Bressington D. The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, and stress in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2019 Jun;28(3):635-656. doi: 10.1111/inm.12568. Epub 2019 Jan 17. PubMed 30656813 ↗
  • Marino F, Failla C, Carrozza C, Ciminata M, Chila P, Minutoli R, Genovese S, Puglisi A, Arnao AA, Tartarisco G, Corpina F, Gangemi S, Ruta L, Cerasa A, Vagni D, Pioggia G. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Physical and Psychological Wellbeing in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci. 2021 May 29;11(6):727. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11060727. PubMed 34072605 ↗
  • Rafsanjani MHAP, Masoudi S, Radmanesh M, Bostani Z. Comparison of depression and anxiety among pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients: A cross-sectional study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2021 Feb;44(2):235-239. doi: 10.1111/pace.14152. Epub 2021 Jan 12. PubMed 33372277 ↗
  • Schulz SM, Ritter O, Zniva R, Nordbeck P, Wacker C, Jack M, Groschup G, Deneke T, Puppe F, Ertl G, Angermann C, Stork S, Pauli P. Efficacy of a web-based intervention for improving psychosocial well-being in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: the randomized controlled ICD-FORUM trial. Eur Heart J. 2020 Mar 14;41(11):1203-1211. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz134. PubMed 30957867 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — The research data belongs to the researcher and is expected to be destroyed after 2 years

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 14, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06021236
Lead sponsor
Chien Chih-Yin
Collaborators
National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
Responsible party
Chien Chih-Yin (Director, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Sep 1, 2023
Start date
Jan 1, 2024
Primary completion
Dec 30, 2025
Completion
Dec 30, 2025
Last update
Apr 14, 2026

Study contacts

CY Chien, PI
study chair · MKC/MMH

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is terminated, as verified in Apr 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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