An interventional study of Ambiguity and Complexity in Multiple Chronic Conditions and Children With Medical Complexity, sponsored by University of Utah. Completed at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-24.
Sponsored by University of Utah · Not applicable, Interventional, and Health services research
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare different strategies to communicate around potential risks and benefits related to treatment decision making in parents/adult caregivers of children with medical complexity. The objective of this study is to identify the most effective ways to communicate decision-related risks and benefits to improve the quality of caregiver decision making for children with medical complexity.
Participants will view a video of a simulated clinic visit and related medical information and complete a survey about their experiences. Researchers will compare participant survey responses to see if decision quality changes based on the information reviewed by the participant.
Children with medical complexity, their caregivers, and their providers face a multitude of complex, high stakes medical decisions throughout their lifetime. Best practices for the provision of high quality shared decision making in the care of children with medical complexity do not exist. Unique challenges to support decision making for caregivers of children with medical complexity include communication of decision-related risks and benefits and knowledge related to the decision. This study will test the efficacy of various communication techniques in the setting of a simulated patient encounter.
89 studies on the registry are indexed under Multiple Chronic Conditions; 16 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 831 is above the median of 128 across 71 interventional studies indexed under Multiple Chronic Conditions.
Browse Multiple Chronic Conditions studies →University of Utah is the lead sponsor of 994 studies on the registry; 175 are open to participants now.
Of its 114 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 69 (61%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
No new communication approaches received.
Receive information about ambiguity related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Ambiguity
Receive information about ambiguity and complexity related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Ambiguity · Behavioral: Complexity
Receive information about ambiguity and normalizing language related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Ambiguity · Behavioral: Normalizing language
Receive information about ambiguity, complexity, and normalizing language related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Ambiguity · Behavioral: Complexity · Behavioral: Normalizing language
Receive information about complexity related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Complexity
Receive information about complexity and normalizing language related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Complexity · Behavioral: Normalizing language
Receive information about normalizing language related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Normalizing language
Receive narratives in addition to the control condition.
Behavioral: Narrative
Receive information about ambiguity and narratives related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Ambiguity · Behavioral: Narrative
Receive information about ambiguity, complexity, and narratives related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Ambiguity · Behavioral: Complexity · Behavioral: Narrative
Receive information about ambiguity, normalizing language, and narratives related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Ambiguity · Behavioral: Normalizing language · Behavioral: Narrative
Receive all new communication approaches
Behavioral: Ambiguity · Behavioral: Complexity · Behavioral: Normalizing language · Behavioral: Narrative
Receive information about complexity and narratives related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Complexity · Behavioral: Narrative
Receive information about complexity, normalizing language, and narratives related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Complexity · Behavioral: Normalizing language · Behavioral: Narrative
Receive information about normalizing language and narratives related to the clinical decision.
Behavioral: Normalizing language · Behavioral: Narrative
The intervention is a novel communication approach to communicate ambiguity related to the potential risks and benefits associated with clinical decision making for parents and caregivers of children with medical complexity.
The intervention is a novel communication approach to communicate complexity related to the potential risks and benefits associated with clinical decision making for parents and caregivers of children with medical complexity.
The intervention is a novel communication approach to normalize and explain the inherent uncertainty faced by parents of children with medical complexity during clinical decision making.
Parent and caregiver narratives about their decision making experiences for the care of their child with medical complexity.
Decision Readiness
Differences in decision readiness between arms as measured by the validated PrepDM survey measure. The PrepDM is a 10-item (1 to 5 scale) validated survey measure that evaluates a patient's perceived readiness to make a decision with their healthcare provider. The composite score is a mean of all items converted to a scale of 0-100 with higher scores indicating greater decision readiness. PrepDM is widely used to evaluate the effectiveness of decision aids.
Time frame: Immediately after reviewing the intervention
Decisional Conflict Scale
Difference in decisional conflict score between arms. The decisional conflict scale is a 16-item (1-5 scale) validated survey measure that evaluates a participant's decisional conflict about a decision that is made and includes five subdomains (uncertainty, informed, values clarity, support, and effective decision). Total and subdomain scores are calculated using a mean composite score and transformed to a scale of 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating higher decisional conflict.
Time frame: Immediately after reviewing the intervention
Decision Intent for Treatment
Proportion of participants selecting surgery between the arms.
Time frame: Immediately after reviewing the intervention
Knowledge
Difference in mean score of total knowledge questions answered correctly between arms. The score will be calculated from 5 knowledge questions.
Time frame: Immediately after reviewing the intervention
| Milestone | Control | Narratives Only | Normalizing Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Complexity Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Ambiguity Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | All Communication Approaches |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 53 | 50 | 52 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 49 | 52 | 51 | 53 | 58 | 50 | 53 | 53 | 53 |
| Completed | 51 | 45 | 49 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 47 | 50 | 45 | 48 | 56 | 47 | 51 | 50 | 52 |
| Not completed | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Differences in decision readiness between arms as measured by the validated PrepDM survey measure. The PrepDM is a 10-item (1 to 5 scale) validated survey measure that evaluates a patient's perceived readiness to make a decision with their healthcare provider. The composite score is a mean of all items converted to a scale of 0-100 with higher scores indicating greater decision readiness. PrepDM is widely used to evaluate the effectiveness of decision aids.
| score on a scale | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communication Approaches |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decision Readiness | 77.3 ± 17.1 | 79.1 ± 18.6 | 79.1 ± 15.4 | 78.5 ± 23.2 | 82.3 ± 12.9 | 80.5 ± 14.2 | 72.8 ± 19.6 | 77.3 ± 17.9 | 76.2 ± 17.5 | 78.5 ± 18.0 | 79.4 ± 17.7 | 82.3 ± 15.2 | 80.3 ± 16.2 | 80.2 ± 17.3 | 75.6 ± 20.1 | 80.2 ± 15.2 |
Difference in decisional conflict score between arms. The decisional conflict scale is a 16-item (1-5 scale) validated survey measure that evaluates a participant's decisional conflict about a decision that is made and includes five subdomains (uncertainty, informed, values clarity, support, and effective decision). Total and subdomain scores are calculated using a mean composite score and transformed to a scale of 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating higher decisional conflict.
| score on a scale | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communication Approaches |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decisional Conflict Scale | 30.7 ± 19.7 | 36.5 ± 24.5 | 32.9 ± 21.4 | 28.1 ± 23.5 | 26.0 ± 18.0 | 31.3 ± 19.2 | 34.8 ± 25.6 | 30.4 ± 22.4 | 37.0 ± 24.2 | 29.4 ± 17.3 | 27.5 ± 22.6 | 30.5 ± 23.2 | 28.8 ± 22.2 | 29.8 ± 23.4 | 26.8 ± 22.4 | 27.0 ± 21.7 |
Proportion of participants selecting surgery between the arms.
| Participants | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communication Approaches |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No surgery | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 5 |
| Surgery | 44 | 40 | 37 | 38 | 43 | 38 | 40 | 43 | 40 | 38 | 44 | 49 | 37 | 51 | 44 | 46 |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Difference in mean score of total knowledge questions answered correctly between arms. The score will be calculated from 5 knowledge questions.
| proportion of correct answers | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communication Approaches |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 |
Collected over Throughout the duration of recruitment and data collection, approximately 1 day.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 0/51 (0%) | 0/51 (0%) | 0/51 (0%) |
| Narratives Only | 0/45 (0%) | 0/45 (0%) | 0/45 (0%) |
| Normalizing Only | 0/49 (0%) | 0/49 (0%) | 0/49 (0%) |
| Normalizing and Narratives Only | 0/47 (0%) | 0/47 (0%) | 0/47 (0%) |
| Complexity Only | 0/48 (0%) | 0/48 (0%) | 0/48 (0%) |
| Complexity and Narratives Only | 0/48 (0%) | 0/48 (0%) | 0/48 (0%) |
| Complexity and Normalizing Only | 0/49 (0%) | 0/49 (0%) | 0/49 (0%) |
| Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | 0/47 (0%) | 0/47 (0%) | 0/47 (0%) |
| Ambiguity Only | 0/50 (0%) | 0/50 (0%) | 0/50 (0%) |
| Ambiguity and Narratives Only | 0/45 (0%) | 0/45 (0%) | 0/45 (0%) |
| Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | 0/48 (0%) | 0/48 (0%) | 0/48 (0%) |
| Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | 0/56 (0%) | 0/56 (0%) | 0/56 (0%) |
| Ambiguity and Complexity Only | 0/47 (0%) | 0/47 (0%) | 0/47 (0%) |
| Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | 0/51 (0%) | 0/51 (0%) | 0/51 (0%) |
| Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | 0/50 (0%) | 0/50 (0%) | 0/50 (0%) |
| All Communication Approaches | 0/52 (0%) | 0/52 (0%) | 0/52 (0%) |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communciation Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 39.3 ± 8.5 | 38.3 ± 8.1 | 37.9 ± 7.1 | 38.7 ± 6.8 | 36.8 ± 7.2 | 38.8 ± 9.8 | 36.0 ± 7.3 | 38.1 ± 10.4 | 35.9 ± 8.2 | 35.7 ± 7.1 | 37.2 ± 8.8 | 37.3 ± 8.5 | 38.5 ± 8.3 | 38.8 ± 9.7 | 39.4 ± 9.1 | 37.0 ± 10.3 | 37.8 ± 8.5 |
| Sex/Gender, Customized(Participants) | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communciation Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 44 | 44 | 41 | 39 | 35 | 44 | 36 | 43 | 39 | 42 | 38 | 44 | 37 | 44 | 37 | 41 | 648 |
| Male | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 101 |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Missing | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 33 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communciation Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 20 | 22 | 322 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 31 | 31 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 31 | 27 | 31 | 27 | 30 | 461 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants) | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communciation Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race — American Indian or Alaskan Native | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 20 |
| Race — Asian | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 26 |
| Race — Black | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 32 |
| Race — Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 |
| Race — Other | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 151 |
| Race — Two or more races | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 34 |
| Race — White | 32 | 34 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 29 | 32 | 29 | 29 | 33 | 33 | 31 | 35 | 33 | 32 | 508 |
| Child age(years) | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communciation Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 9 ± 5.2 | 7.3 ± 5.5 | 7.9 ± 5.2 | 8.4 ± 6 | 8.3 ± 5.7 | 8.5 ± 6 | 6.5 ± 5.2 | 8.1 ± 5.7 | 7.6 ± 5.2 | 8.1 ± 5 | 7.2 ± 6.3 | 7.1 ± 5.3 | 8.6 ± 5.6 | 7.6 ± 5.5 | 8.6 ± 5.7 | 7.6 ± 5.8 | 7.9 ± 5.6 |
| Language preference(Participants) | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communciation Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | 46 | 45 | 42 | 42 | 44 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 38 | 37 | 39 | 46 | 39 | 46 | 40 | 46 | 675 |
| Spanish | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 108 |
| type of insurance coverage(Participants) | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communciation Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Don't know | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 13 |
| Medicaid | 19 | 28 | 28 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 23 | 23 | 20 | 23 | 25 | 29 | 29 | 27 | 21 | 22 | 386 |
| Medicare | 2 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 91 |
| Private | 22 | 20 | 24 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 21 | 11 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 290 |
| Other | 8 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 71 |
| technology dependene(Participants) | Control | Ambiguity Only | Complexity Only | Ambiguity and Complexity Only | Normalizing Only | Ambiguity and Normalizing Only | Complexity and Normalizing Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Normalizing Only | Narratives Only | Ambiguity and Narratives Only | Complexity and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Complexity, and Narratives Only | Normalizing and Narratives Only | Ambiguity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | Complexity, Normalizing, and Narratives Only | All Communciation Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technology dependent | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 27 | 38 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 34 | 26 | 25 | 452 |
| Not technology dependent | 23 | 21 | 19 | 15 | 19 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 19 | 25 | 275 |
| Decline to answer | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 56 |
10 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.
PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Plan to share: No
Ran from Jun 2023 to primary completion in Aug 2024, 14 months.
Results were first posted in Feb 2026, 1 year 5 months after primary completion.
Of 59 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Multiple Chronic Conditions, half reached primary completion within 20 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 37. This study's 14 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 59 studies reached it within 20 months; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 37.
Multiple Chronic Conditions covers many different conditions, not one, so the studies compared here vary widely. Read these figures as a rough guide.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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