An interventional study of ENFOCATE in Sexuality, sponsored by University of Chile. Not yet recruiting. Open to participants aged 14 Years to 16 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-06-09.
Sponsored by University of Chile · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
The goal of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive gender-transformative intervention of sexual education (ENFOCATE -Focus-on) in adolescents, using a mixed experimental design. The intervention will be directed exclusively to students of the 10th and 11th grades who are enrolled in one of the education establishments that depend on the Municipality of Santiago. The randomization will be by grade, and the data will be collected at three moments (pre-intervention, post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up).
The investigators propose a mixed experimental design with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will evaluate the efficiency of an intervention and implementation of a comprehensive gender-transformative sexual education, along with qualitative studies to understand the implementation process. The results of the intervention will be evaluated after it finishes, and in a three-month follow-up. Each participant will be sent a link to the questionnaire (web-based survey). Follow-up contact will be done with WhatsApp or telephone calls.
The hypothesis is that the intervention designed and implemented in the experimental group: (1) will increase their sexuality knowledge level; (2) will increase their preventive sexual behavior (or intentions); (3) will favor a gender-positive attitude; and (4) will decrease internalizing and externalizing problems in mental health. The secondary objective is to examine the implementation intervention process, that is, identify the strengths and obstacles in the real context in which the study intervention is performed, to understand the determinants and strategies of the success of the implementation.
University of Chile is the lead sponsor of 191 studies on the registry; 36 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
The selected students will be randomly divided into the study and control groups; the intervention will take place in the same schools that the students attend. The assignment to groups will use simple random sampling, performed in two stages. In the first stage the available schools will be randomly assigned to the study and control groups, while the second stage will select randomly the groups in each school that will participate in the study. The study groups will receive a 10-session intervention in sexual education, covering topics related to preventive sexual conduct, gender equity and mental health.
Behavioral: ENFOCATE
The control groups will not receive intervention; they will continue with the sexual orientation that each school provides to its students.
ENFOCATE is a comprehensive program of sexual education for adolescents. Its design follows the guidelines of the Intervention Mapping Approach and the orientations proposed by the Framework for Gender-Transformative Health Promotion. The intervention has a participative focus, thus the activities are designed to promote processes of knowledge, understanding, application and reflection in the adolescents. The activities aim to improve the capacity for critical thinking, increase the motivation to listen and learn actively, and to improve interpersonal abilities. The execution of the intervention uses three pillars: (i) preventive sexual behavior; (ii) gender equity; and (iii) mental health. The intervention consists of ten weekly sessions, each lasting one hour. The teams that will perform the intervention will be composed of at least two professionals of the psychosocial area (mainly psychologists, social workers and/or guidance counsellors) of the schools included in the study.
Change in knowledge of sexuality
Related to information about the biological components of sexuality. The test used will be the Knowledge Test (KT). This is a 34-item multiple choice instrument which was designed to evaluate the knowledge on sexuality in adolescents; it evaluates areas including pregnancy, STI, physical development. Higher scores represent more favorable attitudes. Its reliability is α=0.89. These assessed areas will be combined to report the level of knowledge.
Time frame: One-week pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up
Change in preventive sexual behavior
Related to behavior in sexuality and preventive behavior in sexuality. Ad-hoc survey. It will be elaborated by the research team to evaluate the behavior and intention, self-efficacy and empowerment in sexuality in LGTB and female-male students. Ad-hoc surveys have been used and reported in other RCT of interventions in sexual health.
Time frame: One-week pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up
Change in gender actitude
Related to positive disposition towards persons of different genders. The test used will be the Scale for Detection of Sexism in adolescents (DSA). This is an instrument of 26 items developed for adolescents. It evaluates sexism, differentiating between hostile and benevolent sexism. The response scale for the items is a Likert type with six alternatives (from 1=disagree completely to 6=agree completely). Higher scores indicate more sexism. Its reliability is α= .881.
Time frame: One-week pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up
Change in gender actitude
Related to positive disposition towards persons of different sexual orientation. The test used will be the Scale of negative attitudes toward trans persons (NATP). It measures attitude as an expression of prejudice towards trans persons. It has nine items with a Likert scale with five response options, from 1= disagree completely to 5=agree completely. Higher scores are indicators of higher levels of negative attitudes toward persons of different sexual orientation. Its reliability is α= .886.
Time frame: One-week pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up
Change in gender actitude
Related to positive disposition towards persons of different sexual orientation. The test used will be the Short version of Modern Homophobia Scale (MHS). It measures homophobic attitudes in the dimension personal discomfort, institutional and deviation/changeability. It is composed of 46 items that evaluate attitudes towards lesbians and gay in a Likert scale of 1-5 in which higher scores interpret more positive attitudes towards homosexuality and lesbianism. Its reliability is α= .80.
Time frame: One-week pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up
Change in components of mental health related to sexual health
Decrease of internalizing symptomology. The test used will be the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17). It evaluates general psychosocial functioning, detecting emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents. Higher scores represent more internalizing behaviors. reliability is α= .72.
Time frame: One-week pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up
Change in components of mental health related to sexual health
Decrease of externalizing symptomology. The test used will be the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17). It evaluates general psychosocial functioning, detecting emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents. Higher scores represent more externalizing behaviors. Its reliability is α= .72.
Time frame: One-week pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up
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University of Chile