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CompletedNCT05890222IMPRESSUpdated Jul 2, 2026

IMPlementation of Evidence Based Facility and Community Interventions to Reduce the Treatment Gap for depRESSion

An interventional study of Community Intervention and Healthy Activity Program (HAP) in Depression, sponsored by Sangath. Completed at 1 site in India. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-02.

Sponsored by Sangath · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
816
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this Hybrid Type 2 Implementation-Effectiveness Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial is to reduce the treatment gap for depression through the integrated implementation of interventions in facility and community platforms, in Goa, India. The primary question is to examine whether a community intervention ("Community Model") enhances the demand for, and improves the outcomes of, an evidence-based, brief psychological treatment for depression delivered by non-specialist health workers in primary health care facilities ("Facility Model"). Participants in the Facility Model arm will receive only a psychosocial intervention for depression (the Healthy Activity Program - HAP) while participants in the Community Model will receive both the HAP and the community intervention. We will compare the Facility Model and the Community Model to assess if the latter is superior in increasing the demand for depression treatment in primary care, increasing uptake of treatment by people with depression, increasing treatment completion rates, and reducing the severity of depression.

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Conditions studied

  • Depression

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03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

(A) Contact Coverage Outcome

Inclusion Criteria

  • Adults (>18 years)
  • Residing in the clusters included in the trial
  • Speak English or one of the local languages (Konkani, Marathi, Hindi)

Exclusion Criteria

  • Patients with significant speech, hearing, or language impairment that interferes with completion of the screening and/or receipt of psychosocial intervention
  • Patients who present to the health centre for emergency medical attention
  • Patients with active psychotic symptoms

(B) Effectiveness Coverage Outcome

Inclusion Criteria

  • Adults (>18 years);
  • Residing in the clusters included in the trial
  • Speak English or one of the local languages (Konkani, Marathi, Hindi).
  • Screen positive for moderately severe or severe depression (total score >14) on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9)

Exclusion Criteria

  • Patients with significant speech, hearing, or language impairment that interferes with completion of the screening and/or receipt of psychosocial intervention
  • Patients who present to the health centre for emergency medical attention
  • Patients with active psychotic symptoms
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
816 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Community Model

    In addition to the facility model, village clusters in this arm will receive community intervention strategies delivered by community volunteers.

    Behavioral: Community Intervention · Behavioral: Healthy Activity Program (HAP)

  • Active comparator
    Facility Model

    The HAP, a manualized and evidence-based psychological treatment based on behavioural activation, will be delivered by existing healthcare workers (called counsellors from here onwards) within the health centres who will be trained to deliver the HAP.

    Behavioral: Healthy Activity Program (HAP)

Interventions

  • BehavioralCommunity Intervention

    Community intervention strategies will be delivered by community volunteers (called Sangathis - which means companion in Konkani, one of the local languages) to i) enhance demand for the HAP treatment and ii) promote engagement with, and completion of, the HAP treatment. The community intervention is co-produced with local community members and includes strategies such as activities to increase awareness about depression (community meetings, street plays and health camps), and dissemination of psycho-educational materials (i.e., leaflets and posters), identify people with possible depression in the community, and facilitate access to HAP in the health centres. Additionally, the Sangathis will coordinate continuing care of people receiving HAP, through home visits to encourage behavioural activation, homework completion and following up with the counsellor, and engaging family members to support the patient in achieving treatment goals.

  • BehavioralHealthy Activity Program (HAP)

    HAP includes the following strategies: psychoeducation, behavioural assessment, activity monitoring, activity structuring and scheduling, activation of social networks, and problem-solving. HAP will be delivered in an individual format. It entails three phases of treatment, delivered over six to eight sessions, each lasting up to 40 minutes, with the sessions being at weekly intervals. Sessions will be delivered face-to-face, at the health centre where the counsellors already work.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Contact coverage

    Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9) score \>4. The minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 27; with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression.

    Time frame: During recruitment

  2. Effectiveness coverage

    Mean Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9 score). The minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 27; with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression.

    Time frame: Three months post recruitment

Secondary outcomes

  1. Sustained effectiveness

    Mean Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9 score). The minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 27; with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression.

    Time frame: Six months post recruitment

  2. Remission

    Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9 score) score \<10. . The minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 27; with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression.

    Time frame: Three months post recruitment

  3. Remission

    Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9 score) score \<10. . The minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 27; with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression.

    Time frame: Six months post recruitment

  4. Response to treatment

    \>50% reduction in Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9 score) score. The minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 27; with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression.

    Time frame: Three months post recruitment

  5. Response to treatment

    \>50% reduction in Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9 score) score. The minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 27; with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression.

    Time frame: Six months post recruitment

  6. Client Service Receipt Inventory

    Out-of-pocket costs for receiving care and the related non-medical costs

    Time frame: 3- and 6- months post recruitment

  7. WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0)

    Standardized disability scores used to estimate Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). The 12-item WHODAS 2.0 score ranges from 12 to 60, where higher scores indicate higher disability or loss of function.

    Time frame: Baseline, 3- and 6- months post recruitment

  8. Survey form for collecting costs of receiving HAP intervention to patients

    Out-of-pocket costs for receiving HAP intervention (e.g. time loss, travel)

    Time frame: 3 months post recruitment

  9. Inventory form for collecting system-level economic costs of delivering interventions

    System-level costs: Economic costs in WHO six building blocks for delivering the interventions

    Time frame: Monthly, through study completion up to approximately 12 months

  10. Depression awareness

    Awareness about depression. This will be a bespoke tool developed for our trial and will have questions to assess awareness related to depression based on the information disseminated in our community intervention and higher scores will indicate greater awareness.

    Time frame: Baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months of implementation

  11. Perceived social support

    Perception of social support received. This will be a bespoke tool developed for our trial and will have questions to assess perceived support related to support provided by community volunteers in our community intervention and higher scores will indicate greater support.

    Time frame: 3- and 6- months post recruitment

  12. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)

    12 item short instrument designed to measure an individual's perception of support from 3 sources: family, friends and a significant other. Minimum score 12 and maximum 84

    Time frame: Baseline, 3- and 6-months post-recruitment

  13. Treatment completion

    Met treatment goals or completed the maximum number of sessions or were referred to mental health specialists

    Time frame: Across 12 months of implementation

  14. Behavioral activation

    Level of behavioral activation measured using PREMIUM Abbreviated Activation Scale. This is a five-item scale, originally developed based on the Behavioural Activation for Depression Scale. It includes five self-reported indicators and the total score can range from 0 to 20. Higher scores indicate greater level of behavioural activation such as engagement with a variety of activities, and associated pleasure and mastery.

    Time frame: Baseline, 3- and 6- months post recruitment.

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Study locations

1 site
  • Sangath
    Mormugao, Goa, India
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References and documents

Publications

  • Nadkarni A, Gandhi Y, Fernandes L, Mirchandani K, Kamat S, Weiss HA, Singla DR, Velleman R, Lu C, Bhatia U, Biswal B, Sequeira M, D'souza E, Raikar K, Patel V. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a community intervention in enhancing access to care and improving clinical outcomes for depression: a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial in India. Trials. 2024 Aug 28;25(1):569. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08236-0. PubMed 39198915 ↗

Study documents

  • Statistical analysis plan · Jun 20, 2026

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05890222
Lead sponsor
Sangath
Collaborators
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Harvard Medical School (HMS and HSDM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jun 6, 2023
Start date
Nov 1, 2023
Primary completion
Nov 18, 2025
Completion
Apr 30, 2026
Last update
Jul 2, 2026

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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