ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT05761197Oral-ThrushUpdated Jun 22, 2026

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) and S-ECC

An observational study in Candida Infection, Oral Thrush and Early Childhood Caries, sponsored by Temple University. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 9 Months to 15 Months, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-22.

Primary conditionCandidiasis, OralRegistry: CandidiasisReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Candidiasis — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Candidiasis, Oral
Why
  1. The study's listed conditions name Candidiasis, Oral, a narrower term within Candidiasis.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by Temple University · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Sep 2024; still recruiting 2 years 2 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
70
Ages
9 Months to 15 Months
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The overall objective of this study is to investigate the association of early Candida infection (known as oral thrush or oropharyngeal candidiasis, OPC) in children during the first year of life with the onset and severity of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).

Read the detailed description

The overall goal of this study is to conduct a longitudinal observational study to investigate the association of early OPC with the onset and severity of S-ECC to better understand the role of Candida (particularly C. albicans) in severe childhood caries. The investigators will test the hypothesis that OPC is associated with S-ECC by modifying the plaque microbiota and enhancing virulence in a manner that is conducive to the early development of the disease.

For this study, a total of 70 infants (aged 9-15-month-old) with or without a history of OPC in their first year of life will be enrolled, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects will have their medical/dental history reviewed from medical records. At each study visit (Baseline, 6-month, 12-month, 18-month, and 24-month follow-ups), an oral examination including soft tissue and caries exam will be performed by a calibrated evaluator. Dental plaque/oral swab samples will be collected at each study visit. In addition, a comprehensive survey including demographic status, oral hygiene, diet, delivery, and feeding method as well as current medication usage will also be collected.

02

Conditions studied

  • Candida Infection
  • Oral Thrush
  • Early Childhood Caries

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Oral candidiasis
  • Candida infection
  • Oral thrush
  • Early childhood caries
  • Oral Health
03

In context

Candidiasis, Oral Reclassified

48 studies on the registry are indexed under Candidiasis, Oral; 6 are open to participants now.

Browse Candidiasis, Oral studies →

Lead sponsor

Temple University is the lead sponsor of 223 studies on the registry; 29 are open to participants now.

Of its 12 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 7 (58%) have results posted.

Compared within Candidiasis, Oral, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Candidiasis. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
9 Months to 15 Months
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

The study team will recruit 70 subjects (35 subjects with a history of OPC and 35 subjects without a history of OPC) for this study.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Male or female individuals at the age of 9-15-month-old
  • Must have at least one fully erupted tooth at baseline visit
  • Parent/guardian willing and able to provide
  • With or without a history of OPC (the study team will enroll 35 participants with and 35 participants without a history of OPC)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of a systemic medical condition (e.g. Down syndrome etc.)
  • Presence of an orofacial deformity
  • Presence of dental caries
  • Use of systemic antimicrobial therapy within 30 days of the baseline visit
  • Presence of any condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, makes participation in the project not in the individual's best interest.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
70 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Children with history of OPC

    Individuals in the non-OPC cohort will be age and sex-matched to individuals in the OPC cohort.

  • Children without history of OPC

    Individuals in the OPC cohort will be age and sex-matched to individuals in the non-OPC cohort.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. To explore the association between OPC and S-ECC onset and severity

    Caries will be measured by ICDAS scoring system; Plaque and oral swab samples will be collected at each study visit (Baseline, 6-month, 12-month,18-month and 24-month follow-ups); Candida strains will be detected using culturing-dependent and -independent sequencing techniques.

    Time frame: 24 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. To evaluate the influence of OPC on the oral microbiota

    Microbiome profiling will be done by shot gun sequencing

    Time frame: 24 months

Other outcomes

  1. To study the role of Candida on biofilm cariogenic properties

    Candida-bacterial interaction in modulating biofilm development and virulence will be evaluated using validated experimental models

    Time frame: 24 months

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Kassebaum NJ, Smith AGC, Bernabe E, Fleming TD, Reynolds AE, Vos T, Murray CJL, Marcenes W; GBD 2015 Oral Health Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Prevalence, Incidence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Oral Conditions for 195 Countries, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors. J Dent Res. 2017 Apr;96(4):380-387. doi: 10.1177/0022034517693566. PubMed 28792274 ↗
  • GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017 Sep 16;390(10100):1211-1259. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2. PubMed 28919117 ↗
  • Hajishengallis E, Parsaei Y, Klein MI, Koo H. Advances in the microbial etiology and pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2017 Feb;32(1):24-34. doi: 10.1111/omi.12152. Epub 2016 Feb 4. PubMed 26714612 ↗
  • Bowen WH, Burne RA, Wu H, Koo H. Oral Biofilms: Pathogens, Matrix, and Polymicrobial Interactions in Microenvironments. Trends Microbiol. 2018 Mar;26(3):229-242. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.008. Epub 2017 Oct 30. PubMed 29097091 ↗
  • Hajishengallis E, Forrest CB, Koo H. Early Childhood Caries: Future Perspectives in Risk Assessment. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016 Jul;1(2):110-111. doi: 10.1177/2380084416637577. Epub 2016 Mar 7. No abstract available. PubMed 28879240 ↗
  • American Academy on Pediatric Dentistry; American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy on early childhood caries (ECC): classifications, consequences, and preventive strategies. Pediatr Dent. 2008-2009;30(7 Suppl):40-3. No abstract available. PubMed 19216381 ↗
  • de Carvalho FG, Silva DS, Hebling J, Spolidorio LC, Spolidorio DM. Presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol. 2006 Nov;51(11):1024-8. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.06.001. Epub 2006 Aug 7. PubMed 16890907 ↗
  • Raja M, Hannan A, Ali K. Association of oral candidal carriage with dental caries in children. Caries Res. 2010;44(3):272-6. doi: 10.1159/000314675. Epub 2010 May 27. PubMed 20516688 ↗
  • Yang XQ, Zhang Q, Lu LY, Yang R, Liu Y, Zou J. Genotypic distribution of Candida albicans in dental biofilm of Chinese children associated with severe early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol. 2012 Aug;57(8):1048-53. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.05.012. Epub 2012 Jun 18. PubMed 22717324 ↗
  • Qiu R, Li W, Lin Y, Yu D, Zhao W. Genotypic diversity and cariogenicity of Candida albicans from children with early childhood caries and caries-free children. BMC Oral Health. 2015 Nov 17;15(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0134-3. PubMed 26576955 ↗
  • Xiao J, Moon Y, Li L, Rustchenko E, Wakabayashi H, Zhao X, Feng C, Gill SR, McLaren S, Malmstrom H, Ren Y, Quivey R, Koo H, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT. Candida albicans Carriage in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and Maternal Relatedness. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 14;11(10):e0164242. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164242. eCollection 2016. PubMed 27741258 ↗
  • Duangthip D, D D. Early childhood caries and candida albicans. Evid Based Dent. 2018 Dec;19(4):100-101. doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6401337. PubMed 30573860 ↗
  • Xiao J, Huang X, Alkhers N, Alzamil H, Alzoubi S, Wu TT, Castillo DA, Campbell F, Davis J, Herzog K, Billings R, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Hajishengallis E, Koo H. Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res. 2018;52(1-2):102-112. doi: 10.1159/000481833. Epub 2017 Dec 21. PubMed 29262404 ↗
  • Metwalli KH, Khan SA, Krom BP, Jabra-Rizk MA. Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and the human mouth: a sticky situation. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(10):e1003616. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003616. Epub 2013 Oct 17. No abstract available. PubMed 24146611 ↗
  • Koo H, Bowen WH. Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans: a potential synergistic alliance to cause virulent tooth decay in children. Future Microbiol. 2014;9(12):1295-7. doi: 10.2217/fmb.14.92. No abstract available. PubMed 25517895 ↗
  • Falsetta ML, Klein MI, Colonne PM, Scott-Anne K, Gregoire S, Pai CH, Gonzalez-Begne M, Watson G, Krysan DJ, Bowen WH, Koo H. Symbiotic relationship between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans synergizes virulence of plaque biofilms in vivo. Infect Immun. 2014 May;82(5):1968-81. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00087-14. Epub 2014 Feb 24. PubMed 24566629 ↗
  • Hwang G, Liu Y, Kim D, Li Y, Krysan DJ, Koo H. Candida albicans mannans mediate Streptococcus mutans exoenzyme GtfB binding to modulate cross-kingdom biofilm development in vivo. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Jun 15;13(6):e1006407. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006407. eCollection 2017 Jun. PubMed 28617874 ↗
  • Kim D, Sengupta A, Niepa TH, Lee BH, Weljie A, Freitas-Blanco VS, Murata RM, Stebe KJ, Lee D, Koo H. Candida albicans stimulates Streptococcus mutans microcolony development via cross-kingdom biofilm-derived metabolites. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 30;7:41332. doi: 10.1038/srep41332. PubMed 28134351 ↗
  • Koo H, Andes DR, Krysan DJ. Candida-streptococcal interactions in biofilm-associated oral diseases. PLoS Pathog. 2018 Dec 13;14(12):e1007342. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007342. eCollection 2018 Dec. No abstract available. PubMed 30543717 ↗
  • Kim HE, Liu Y, Dhall A, Bawazir M, Koo H, Hwang G. Synergism of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Reinforces Biofilm Maturation and Acidogenicity in Saliva: An In Vitro Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Feb 19;10:623980. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.623980. eCollection 2020. PubMed 33680985 ↗
  • Jean J, Goldberg S, Khare R, Bailey LC, Forrest CB, Hajishengallis E, Koo H. Retrospective Analysis of Candida-related Conditions in Infancy and Early Childhood Caries. Pediatr Dent. 2018 Mar 15;40(2):131-135. PubMed 29663914 ↗
  • Kressin NR, Nunn ME, Singh H, Orner MB, Pbert L, Hayes C, Culler C, Glicken SR, Palfrey S, Geltman PL, Cadoret C, Henshaw MM. Pediatric clinicians can help reduce rates of early childhood caries: effects of a practice based intervention. Med Care. 2009 Nov;47(11):1121-8. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181b58867. PubMed 19786919 ↗
  • Hedrick VE, Comber DL, Estabrooks PA, Savla J, Davy BM. The beverage intake questionnaire: determining initial validity and reliability. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Aug;110(8):1227-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.05.005. PubMed 20656099 ↗
  • Broffitt B, Levy SM, Warren J, Cavanaugh JE. Factors associated with surface-level caries incidence in children aged 9 to 13: the Iowa Fluoride Study. J Public Health Dent. 2013 Fall;73(4):304-10. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12028. Epub 2013 Jul 26. PubMed 23889610 ↗
  • Gugnani N, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gupta M, Sharma M. International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A New Concept. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011 May-Aug;4(2):93-100. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1089. Epub 2010 Apr 15. PubMed 27672245 ↗
  • Shoaib L, Deery C, Ricketts DN, Nugent ZJ. Validity and reproducibility of ICDAS II in primary teeth. Caries Res. 2009;43(6):442-8. doi: 10.1159/000258551. Epub 2009 Nov 12. PubMed 19907175 ↗
  • Policy on Early Childhood Caries (ECC): Classifications, Consequences, and Preventive Strategies. Pediatr Dent. 2016 Oct;38(6):52-54. No abstract available. PubMed 27931420 ↗
  • Drury TF, Horowitz AM, Ismail AI, Maertens MP, Rozier RG, Selwitz RH. Diagnosing and reporting early childhood caries for research purposes. A report of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the Health Care Financing Administration. J Public Health Dent. 1999 Summer;59(3):192-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03268.x. No abstract available. PubMed 10649591 ↗

Related links

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Started Sep 2024 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Aug 2028, 47 months after the start.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 22, 2023
First posted
Mar 9, 2023
StartActual
Sep 1, 2024
Primary completionEst.
Aug 31, 2028
CompletionEst.
Aug 31, 2028
Last update
Jun 22, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 22, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05761197
Lead sponsor
Temple University
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 9, 2023
Start date
Sep 1, 2024
Primary completion
Aug 31, 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Aug 31, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 22, 2026

Study contacts

Yuan Liu, DDS, MS, PhD
Contact
yuan.liu0008@temple.edu
215-707-8029
Yuan Liu, DDS, MS, PhD
principal investigator · Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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