An interventional study of Urine HPV testing and Self-collected cervicovaginal specimen in Cervical Cancer, CIN2 and CIN3, sponsored by UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. Recruiting at 1 site in South Africa. Open to female participants aged 25 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-30.
Sponsored by UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center · Not applicable, Interventional, and Screening
The purpose of this study explores the usefulness of urine samples for cervical cancer screening in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women.
Cervical cancer occurs when women are infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause changes in the cells that lead to cervical precancer and, eventually, cervical cancer if untreated. However, urine HPV testing has not been well validated low- and middle-income country settings, with no data available to guide its use in HIV-infected women.
Invasive cervical cancer is a significant health burden in low and middle income countries.
HIV-infected women in Africa are particularly affected and have an estimated invasive cervical cancer risk \~20-fold higher than women without HIV. Previous studies have been performed among only HIV-uninfected women or those whose HIV status was unknown. Additionally, HIV infected women are often diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer at younger ages.
Cervical cancer is preventable by regular screenings which includes doing a pap smear or HPV tests. There is also treatment of precancerous cervical lesions and vaccination against high risk types of HPV. World Health Organization currently recommends high risk HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in both high and low resources settings. National Guidelines in many low and middle income countries, including South Africa, have been updated to include plans to transition from cytology or visual screening to primary HPV screening. Urine HPV testing could provide a simpler approach for cervical screening that is more easily scaled in low and middle income countries.
The study hypothesizes that high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing on urine specimens will be similar in sensitivity and specificity for the detection of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) compared to self- or clinician-collected sampling.
This study will investigate whether women can collect their own samples for HPV testing using either urine or a small brush in the vagina. The results of HPV tests on urine, self-collected vaginal samples, and provider-collected cervical samples will be compared to see which sample type works best.
In order to participate in this study a subject must meet all of the eligibility criteria outlined below.
Exclusion Criteria:
This is a single arm study. All participants will receive same interventions.
Other: Urine HPV testing · Other: Self-collected cervicovaginal specimen · Other: Provider-collected cervical samples
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in urine sample.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in self-collected cervicovaginal specimen sample.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in healthcare provider collected cervicovaginal specimen sample.
Clinical performance of hrHPV testing in the three sample types for the detection of CIN2
The clinical performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) for CIN2+ detection of sample collection methods namely urine, self-collected samples, and provider-collected samples will be determined.
Time frame: 4 weeks (Entry visit)
Clinical performance of hrHPV testing in in the three sample types for the detection of CIN3 or worse
The clinical performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) for CIN3+ detection or worse of sample collection methods namely urine, self-collected samples, and provider-collected samples will be determined.
Time frame: 4 weeks
The proportion of participants positive for hrHPV
The high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positivity detection of urine, self-collected cervicovaginal specimen, and provider-collected cervical samples will be compared.
Time frame: 4 weeks
Plan to share: No — The rights and privacy of individuals who participate in research will be protected at all times. Thus, data intended for broader use will be stripped of identifiers that would permit linkages to individual research participants or variables that could lead to deductive disclosure of the identity of individual subjects. Research data that documents, supports and validates research findings will be made available after the main findings from the final research dataset have been accepted for publication. Such research data will be redacted to prevent the disclosure of personal identifiers. All data sharing will abide by rules and/or policies defined by the sponsor, relevant IRBs, U.S. local, state, and federal laws and regulations, as well as South African laws and regulations.
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UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center