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Status unknownNCT05334251Updated Apr 19, 2022

General Anesthesia or Combined Spinal-epidural Anesthesia With Ketofol Sedation in Colon Cancer Surgery?

An observational study in Colon Cancer and Anesthesia, sponsored by Ankara City Hospital Bilkent. Status unknown. Open to participants aged 40 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-04-19.

Sponsored by Ankara City Hospital Bilkent · Observational

The sponsor has not verified this record recently (last verified Apr 2022), so the status shown — last known as Not yet recruiting — may be out of date.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
60
Ages
40 Years and older
Sex
All
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Study summary

Anesthesia management in colon cancer surgery affects the postoperative mobilization, discharge and oral intake times of the patients. Due to the side effects of opioids, their use is tried to be reduced and therefore regional anesthesia methods are preferred in suitable patients. Especially in the preoperative period, opioid use has a negative effect on the recovery processes, morbidity and mortality of the patients. Epidural analgesia, a central block method, is recommended for postoperative pain control in ERAS protocols. Opioids suppress cellular and humoral immunity. Epidural analgesia reduces both opioid consumption and surgical stress response. It has been shown that epidural analgesia maintains the immune functions of patients and is associated with a decrease in tumor recurrence. It has also been shown to reduce postoperative pain, hypercoagulability and pulmonary complications, increase exercise capacity and accelerate the return of intestinal functions to normal. In line with this information, in this study, it was aimed to investigate the differences in the postoperative period in patients managed with regional anesthesia.

In the study, it was planned to create two groups who underwent open surgery for colon cancer. The first group will be operated under general anesthesia and the second group will be operated under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with ketofol sedation. An epidural catheter will be inserted in both groups for postoperative pain management. In the study, patients' age, gender, weight, comorbidity, ASA score, amount of local anesthetic used, postoperative VAS scores, mobilization time, time to start oral intake, nasogastric withdrawal time, drain removal time, urinary catheter withdrawal time, hospitalization time and total cost will be evaluated.

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Conditions studied

  • Colon Cancer
  • Anesthesia

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In context

Colonic Neoplasms

1,485 studies on the registry are indexed under Colonic Neoplasms; 362 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 60 is below the median of 262 across 363 observational studies indexed under Colonic Neoplasms.

Browse Colonic Neoplasms studies →

Lead sponsor

Ankara City Hospital Bilkent is the lead sponsor of 437 studies on the registry; 109 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
40 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Patients over 40 years of age who are scheduled for open surgery with a diagnosis of colon cancer.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients over 40 years of age who are scheduled for open surgery with a diagnosis of colon cancer

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Local anesthetic allergy
  • Patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery
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Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
60 participants (estimated)
Target follow-up
12 Months
Patient registry
Yes

Groups and cohorts

  • general anesthesia group

    Patients in this group will undergo open colon cancer surgery under general anesthesia. Epidural catheterization will be applied for postoperative analgesia.

  • combined spinal-epidural anesthesia group

    Patients in this group will undergo open colon cancer surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with ketofol sedation. Epidural catheterization will be applied for postoperative analgesia.

    Other: combined spinal-epidural anesthesia

Interventions

  • Othercombined spinal-epidural anesthesia

    Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia is a regional anaesthetic technique, which combines the benefits of both spinal anaesthesia and epidural anaesthesia and analgesia. The spinal component gives a rapid onset of a predictable block. The indwelling epidural catheter gives the ability to provide long lasting analgesia and to titrate the dose given to the desired effect.

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. visual analog scale (VAS)

    A patient is asked to indicate his/her perceived pain intensity (most commonly) along a 5 cm horizontal line (between 0 and 5 points, 0 meaning 'no pain' and 5 meaning the worst) and this rating is then measured from the left edge (=Visual Analog Scale score).

    Time frame: postoperative 2nd hour.

  2. visual analog scale (VAS)

    A patient is asked to indicate his/her perceived pain intensity (most commonly) along a 5 cm horizontal line (between 0 and 5 points, 0 meaning 'no pain' and 5 meaning the worst) and this rating is then measured from the left edge (=Visual Analog Scale score).

    Time frame: postoperative 4th hour.

  3. visual analog scale (VAS)

    A patient is asked to indicate his/her perceived pain intensity (most commonly) along a 5 cm horizontal line (between 0 and 5 points, 0 meaning 'no pain' and 5 meaning the worst) and this rating is then measured from the left edge (=Visual Analog Scale score).

    Time frame: postoperative 8th hour.

  4. visual analog scale (VAS)

    A patient is asked to indicate his/her perceived pain intensity (most commonly) along a 5 cm horizontal line (between 0 and 5 points, 0 meaning 'no pain' and 5 meaning the worst) and this rating is then measured from the left edge (=Visual Analog Scale score).

    Time frame: postoperative 12th hour.

  5. visual analog scale (VAS)

    A patient is asked to indicate his/her perceived pain intensity (most commonly) along a 5 cm horizontal line (between 0 and 5 points, 0 meaning 'no pain' and 5 meaning the worst) and this rating is then measured from the left edge (=Visual Analog Scale score).

    Time frame: postoperative16th hour.

  6. visual analog scale (VAS)

    A patient is asked to indicate his/her perceived pain intensity (most commonly) along a 5 cm horizontal line (between 0 and 5 points, 0 meaning 'no pain' and 5 meaning the worst) and this rating is then measured from the left edge (=Visual Analog Scale score).

    Time frame: postoperative 24th hour.

  7. time to start oral intake

    the time the patient start to consume orally after the operation

    Time frame: to be observed until the start of oral intake after the operation. it will be assessed up to 720 hours.

  8. mobilization time

    the time the patient was start to walk after the operation

    Time frame: to be observed until the start of walking after the operation. it will be assessed up to 720 hours.

  9. urinary catheter withdrawal time

    the time the urinary catheter was withdrawn after the operation

    Time frame: to be observed until the withdrawal of urinary catheter after the operation. it will be assessed up to 720 hours.

  10. hospitalization time

    The time from the day the patient was hospitalized before the operation to the day of discharge after the operation.

    Time frame: from hospitalization for the operation to the day of discharge, it will be assessed up to 30 days.

  11. nasogastric withdrawal time

    the time the nasogastric tube was withdrawn after the operation.

    Time frame: to be observed until the withdrawal of nasogastric tube after the operation. it will be assessed up to 720 hours.

  12. drain removal time

    the time the abdominal drain was withdrawn after the operation.

    Time frame: to be observed until the withdrawal of abdominal drain after the operation. it will be assessed up to 720 hours.

  13. complications

    all complications related with surgery or anesthesia

    Time frame: to be observed for 30 days postoperatively.

  14. blood pressure

    patients' mean arterial pressure levels

    Time frame: preoperatively

  15. blood pressure

    patients' mean arterial pressure levels

    Time frame: perioperatively. "30 minutes" will be taken as the measurement period.

  16. FiCO2

    inspiratory carbondioxide level

    Time frame: preoperatively

  17. FiCO2

    inspiratory carbondioxide level

    Time frame: perioperatively. "30 minutes" will be taken as the measurement period.

  18. sPO2

    oxygene saturation

    Time frame: preoperatively

  19. sPO2

    oxygene saturation

    Time frame: perioperatively. "30 minutes" will be taken as the measurement period.

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Study locations

No study locations are listed for this record.

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References and documents

Publications

  • Wu HL, Tai YH, Mandell MS, Tsou MY, Yang SH, Chen TH, Chang KY. Effect of epidural analgesia on cancer prognosis after colon cancer resection: a single-centre cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open. 2020 Oct 22;10(10):e036577. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036577. PubMed 33093029 ↗
  • Cummings KC III, Zimmerman NM, Maheshwari K, Cooper GS, Cummings LC. Epidural compared with non-epidural analgesia and cardiopulmonary complications after colectomy: A retrospective cohort study of 20,880 patients using a national quality database. J Clin Anesth. 2018 Jun;47:12-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 12. PubMed 29544203 ↗
  • Ljungqvist O, Hubner M. Enhanced recovery after surgery-ERAS-principles, practice and feasibility in the elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018 Mar;30(3):249-252. doi: 10.1007/s40520-018-0905-1. Epub 2018 Feb 16. PubMed 29453605 ↗
  • Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, Francis N, Rockall TA, Young-Fadok TM, Hill AG, Soop M, de Boer HD, Urman RD, Chang GJ, Fichera A, Kessler H, Grass F, Whang EE, Fawcett WJ, Carli F, Lobo DN, Rollins KE, Balfour A, Baldini G, Riedel B, Ljungqvist O. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society Recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019 Mar;43(3):659-695. doi: 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y. PubMed 30426190 ↗

Study documents

  • Informed consent form · Nov 1, 2021

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 19, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05334251
Responsible party
Ayça Özcan (Associate Professor, MD, Ankara City Hospital Bilkent) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 19, 2022
Start date
Apr 2022 (estimated)
Primary completion
Mar 2023 (estimated)
Completion
Apr 2023 (estimated)
Last update
Apr 19, 2022

Study contacts

Ayça Tuba Dumanlı Özcan, MD
Contact
draycaozcan@gmail.com
+905057154125

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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