ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT05249868CUIDAMOS+75Updated Sep 3, 2025

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Health Status of People Aged 75 and Over and Their Caregivers

An observational study in Aging, SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Caregivers, sponsored by Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Madrid. Completed at 2 sites in Spain. Open to participants aged 75 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-09-03.

Sponsored by Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Madrid · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Other
Time perspective
Other
Enrollment
1,035
Ages
75 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 401 studies in COVID-19 with a site in Spain — 25 open to participants now, 32 under way, 7 of them phase 3. COVID-19 · Spain.

Enrollment
50th of 146
1,035 · median 600
Started
2022
with 47 others
Observational
146 of 401
9 open now
Registered
301st of 401
by date

Among the 401 studies in COVID-19 with a site in Spain, this one is the 50th largest by enrollment of the 146 observational ones that give a count, is one of 48 that started in 2022, is one of 146 observational ones, and was the 301st registered.

COVID-19

7,990 studies on the registry are indexed under COVID-19; 466 are open to participants now.

Browse COVID-19 studies →

Open to participants now

25 of the 401 studies in COVID-19 with a site in Spain are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

20 more — sign in →

All 25 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Spain have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Spain →

Who these studies take

Of the 356 COVID-19 studies recruiting now, 207 (58%) set no upper age limit and 83 (23%) stop at 75 or younger; 91 take children under 18; 136 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 75 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

Was this useful?
Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 401 studies in COVID-19 with a site in Spain, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The measures to control the transmissibility of the Covid-19 pandemic have changed the daily routines of the population, increasing sedentary lifestyles, decreasing outdoor physical activity and limiting contact with neighbors, family and friends. This could be having negative consequences for the health of vulnerable people.

The investigators want to know how this situation has affected the health of people aged 75 years or older and their caregivers and how the circumstances experienced may mark new care needs.

To this end, will be analyzed clinical data, follow up people who have become ill with COVID-19 and those who have not, and interview groups of caregivers and patients to hear about the personal impact of the pandemic on them.

This will allow us to explore what changes are needed in health care to achieve an improvement in the health and quality of life of this population.

CUIDAMOS+75 seeks the commitment of the population and of the different people in charge of the health services from the very beginning.

Read the detailed description

Objective:

To explore the impact of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 on the state of health of people aged ≥75 years.

Design:

Mixed-methods study. 1) Multipurpose, ambispective, longitudinal population-based cohort study with real world data and 6 years of follow-up; 2) Prospective observational cohort study with 18 months of follow-up; 3) Qualitative study with a critical-social approach. Scope:

Primary care in 11 Autonomous Regions.

Population:

People aged ≥75 years, attending healthcare centres in the study area.

Sample:

The population cohort will include the total population that meets the criteria, out of the estimated 1619620. The prospective cohort size is 1035, recruited on a probabilistic basis by clinical nurses. In the social critical approach the selection will be intentional and will progress towards theoretical sampling according to the emerging findings.

V. outcome:

Population-based cohort: nursing diagnostic and interventions and use of services; mortality, quality of life (EQ-5D) and functional capacity (Barthel) for cohort follow-up.

V. exposure:

SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Sources:

Clinical history, clinical interview, semi-structured interviews and focus groups.

Analysis:

Population cohort: to explore the evolution of diagnostic and interventions, a time series analysis will be carried out. Cohort study: Kaplan-Meier survival curves for mortality, functional change and quality of life. Cox proportional hazards models will be used to study the impact of infection on the three variables at 6, 12 and 18 months, adjusted for socio-demographic and clinical variables. Qualitative study: thematic, semiotic and discursive positions analysis.

03

Conditions studied

  • Aging
  • SARS-CoV-2 Infection
  • Caregivers
  • Frailty
  • Burden, Caregiver

Keywords

  • Aging
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection
  • Caregivers
  • Primary Health Care
  • Nursing process
  • Standardized Nursing Terminology
  • Health Services Research
  • Cohort Studies
  • Qualitative Research
  • Real world data
  • quality of life
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
75 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

Persons ≥75 years of age registered at the health centres in the study area. A total population of 1,619,620 users is estimated.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Have at least one entry in the electronic medical record during 2018 (Sub-study 1).
  • Have at least one entry in the clinical history during the last 6 months of 2019 (Sub-study 2).
  • Give (Sub-study 2 \& 3).
  • Family caregivers of dependent persons included in the population cohort (Sub-study 3).

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Not belonging to National Health System centres in the territorial demarcations participating in the study (Sub-study 1).
  • Not belonging to the quotas of the 105 participating nurses (Sub-study 2 \& 3).
  • Carers who have been caring for less than 6 months at the start of the pandemic, with sensory or cognitive deficits (Sub-study 3).
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Observational model
Other
Time perspective
Other
Enrollment
1,035 participants (actual)
Target follow-up
18 Months
Patient registry
Yes

Groups and cohorts

  • SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed after 11 May 2020 and registered in electronic health records. (positive confirmatory test on nucleic acid amplification (rRT-PCR) or having had symptoms for \<5 days is positive on a PRAg test)

    Other: Exposure SARS-CoV-2 Infection

  • NO SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    No confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with diagnosis after 11 May 2020.

Interventions

  • OtherExposure SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    The exposure variable is confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with diagnosis after 11 May 2020. Positive confirmatory test on nucleic acid amplification (rRT-PCR) or having had symptoms for \<5 days is positive on a PRAg test.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Changes caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the use of health services in a population-based cohort of non-institutionalised people aged 75 years and older.

    By analysing real-life data from electronic clinical records.

    Time frame: up to 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Changes from baseline prevalence of care needs of non-institutionalised people aged 75 and over in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

    Sub-study 1: Longitudinal study of a population-based, multipurpose, ambispective cohort. Variables on nursing interventions will be collected through the primary care electronic medical record.

    Time frame: at the basal time.

  2. Changes from baseline prevalence of care needs of non-institutionalised people aged 75 and over in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

    Sub-study 1: Longitudinal study of a population-based, multipurpose, ambispective cohort. Variables on nursing interventions will be collected through the primary care electronic medical record.

    Time frame: 6 years follow-up.

  3. Number of participants with changes caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the functional capacity of non-institutionalised people aged 75 and over.

    Sub-study 2: Prospective observational cohort study with a follow-up of 18 months. The exposure variable is confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with diagnosis after 11 May 2020. Data on change in functioning will be collected using the Barthel scale.

    Time frame: 18 months follow-up

  4. Number of participants with changes caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the quality of life of non-institutionalised people aged 75 and over.

    Sub-study 2: Prospective observational cohort study with a follow-up of 18 months. The exposure variable is confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with diagnosis after 11 May 2020. Data on change quality of life will be collected using the EQ-5D.

    Time frame: 18 months follow-up

  5. Number of participants with changes caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the cognitive capacity of non-institutionalised people aged 75 years and over.

    Sub-study 2: Prospective observational cohort study with a follow-up of 18 months. The exposure variable is confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with diagnosis after 11 May 2020. Data on change cognitive capacity will be collected using the Mini Mental Status Examination.

    Time frame: 18 months follow-up

  6. Number of participants with changes caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the mental health of non-institutionalised people aged 75 and over.

    Sub-study 2: Prospective observational cohort study with a follow-up of 18 months. The exposure variable is confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with diagnosis after 11 May 2020. Data on mental health capacity will be collected using the Hamilton Scale.

    Time frame: 18 months follow-up

  7. Incidence of mortality caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among non-institutionalised persons aged 75 years and over.

    Sub-study 2: Prospective observational cohort study with a follow-up of 18 months. The exposure variable is confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with diagnosis after 11 May 2020. Mortality data shall be studied through medical records.

    Time frame: 18 months follow-up

  8. Understand and interpret the social, political and economic dimensions linked to the use of health services by people aged 75 and over and family caregivers during the pandemic and think about possible coping strategies.

    Sub-study 3:Qualitative study with a social critical approach through semi-structured interviews for ≥75 years and focus groups for caregivers. A thematic analysis will be carried out, which will be complemented at the textual level by a semiotic analysis of discursive positions. In accordance with the critical character, discourse will be analysed as a reflection of ideological positions of inequality and domination.

    Time frame: zero time, baseline.

07

Study locations

2 sites
  • Milagros Rico-Blazquez
    Madrid, Madrid 28035, Spain
  • Milagros Rico-Blázquez
    Madrid, Madrid 28035, Spain
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Mann DM, Chen J, Chunara R, Testa PA, Nov O. COVID-19 transforms health care through telemedicine: Evidence from the field. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2020 Jul 1;27(7):1132-1135. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa072. PubMed 32324855 ↗
  • Mowbray H. In Beijing, coronavirus 2019-nCoV has created a siege mentality. BMJ. 2020 Feb 7;368:m516. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m516. No abstract available. PubMed 32033967 ↗
  • Perez-Rodrigo C, Gianzo Citores M, Hervas Barbara G, Ruiz-Litago F, Casis Saenz L, Arija V, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Martinez de Victoria E, Ortega RM, Partearroyo T, Quiles-Izquierdo J, Ribas-Barba L, Rodriguez-Martin A, Salvador Castell G, Tur JA, Varela-Moreiras G, Serra-Majem L, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Patterns of Change in Dietary Habits and Physical Activity during Lockdown in Spain Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 21;13(2):300. doi: 10.3390/nu13020300. PubMed 33494314 ↗
  • Roschel H, Artioli GG, Gualano B. Risk of Increased Physical Inactivity During COVID-19 Outbreak in Older People: A Call for Actions. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Jun;68(6):1126-1128. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16550. Epub 2020 May 14. No abstract available. PubMed 32392620 ↗
  • Saltzman LY, Pat-Horenczyk R, Lombe M, Weltman A, Ziv Y, McNamara T, Takeuchi D, Brom D. Post-combat adaptation: improving social support and reaching constructive growth. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2018 Jul;31(4):418-430. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1454740. Epub 2018 Apr 12. PubMed 29649912 ↗
  • Saltzman LY, Hansel TC, Bordnick PS. Loneliness, isolation, and social support factors in post-COVID-19 mental health. Psychol Trauma. 2020 Aug;12(S1):S55-S57. doi: 10.1037/tra0000703. Epub 2020 Jun 18. PubMed 32551762 ↗
  • Alfano V, Ercolano S. The Efficacy of Lockdown Against COVID-19: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2020 Aug;18(4):509-517. doi: 10.1007/s40258-020-00596-3. PubMed 32495067 ↗
  • Borges-Machado F, Barros D, Ribeiro O, Carvalho J. The Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement in Dementia Care: Physical and Cognitive Decline, Severe Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Increased Caregiving Burden. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2020 Jan-Dec;35:1533317520976720. doi: 10.1177/1533317520976720. PubMed 33295781 ↗
  • Brown EE, Kumar S, Rajji TK, Pollock BG, Mulsant BH. Anticipating and Mitigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020 Jul;28(7):712-721. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.010. Epub 2020 Apr 18. PubMed 32331845 ↗
  • Cohen G, Russo MJ, Campos JA, Allegri RF. Living with dementia: increased level of caregiver stress in times of COVID-19. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020 Nov;32(11):1377-1381. doi: 10.1017/S1041610220001593. Epub 2020 Jul 30. PubMed 32729446 ↗
  • Company-Sancho MC, Estupinan-Ramirez M, Sanchez-Janariz H, Tristancho-Ajamil R. The connection between nursing diagnosis and the use of healthcare resources. Enferm Clin. 2017 Jul-Aug;27(4):214-221. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 May 10. English, Spanish. PubMed 28501464 ↗
  • Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, Lahiri D, Lavie CJ. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Sep-Oct;14(5):779-788. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035. Epub 2020 May 27. PubMed 32526627 ↗
  • Freijomil-Vazquez C, Gastaldo D, Coronado C, Movilla-Fernandez MJ. When risk becomes illness: The personal and social consequences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia medical surveillance. PLoS One. 2019 Dec 16;14(12):e0226261. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226261. eCollection 2019. PubMed 31841543 ↗
  • Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Baker M, Harris T, Stephenson D. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015 Mar;10(2):227-37. doi: 10.1177/1745691614568352. PubMed 25910392 ↗
  • Johnson VR, Jacobson KL, Gazmararian JA, Blake SC. Does social support help limited-literacy patients with medication adherence? A mixed methods study of patients in the Pharmacy Intervention for Limited Literacy (PILL) study. Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Apr;79(1):14-24. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Aug 3. PubMed 19647967 ↗
  • Lam K, Lu AD, Shi Y, Covinsky KE. Assessing Telemedicine Unreadiness Among Older Adults in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Oct 1;180(10):1389-1391. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2671. PubMed 32744593 ↗
  • Lamont RA, Nelis SM, Quinn C, Clare L. Social Support and Attitudes to Aging in Later Life. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2017 Jan;84(2):109-125. doi: 10.1177/0091415016668351. Epub 2016 Sep 20. PubMed 27655953 ↗
  • Rico-Blazquez M, Esteban-Sepulveda S, Sanchez-Ruano R, Aritztegui-Echenique AM, Artigues-Barbera EM, Brito-Brito PR, Casado-Ramirez E, Cidoncha-Moreno MA, Fabregat-Julve MI, Feria-Raposo I, Hernandez-Pascual M, Lozano-Hernandez C, Moreno-Casbas MT, Otones-Reyes P, Palmar-Santos AM, Pedraz-Marcos A, Romero-Rodriguez EM, Sole-Agusti MC, Taltavull-Aparicio JM, Vidal-Thomas MC, Gonzalez-Chorda VM; Cuidamos+75 Group. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-care and health condition of the older adults. CUIDAMOS+75. A mixed methods study protocol. Front Public Health. 2024 Jun 17;12:1389641. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389641. eCollection 2024. PubMed 38952731 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jun 2022 to primary completion in Dec 2024, 30 months.

Of 1,640 non-industry observational studies under COVID-19, half reached primary completion within 14 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 30. This study's 30 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,774 studies reached it within 13 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 29.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 8, 2022
First posted
Feb 22, 2022
StartActual
Jun 1, 2022
Primary completionActual
Dec 1, 2024
CompletionActual
Jan 31, 2025
Last update
Sep 3, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 3, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05249868
Lead sponsor
Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Madrid
Collaborators
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Fundación para la Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de la Comunidad de Madrid
Responsible party
Milagros Rico Blazquez (Principal researcher, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Madrid) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 22, 2022
Start date
Jun 1, 2022
Primary completion
Dec 1, 2024
Completion
Jan 31, 2025
Last update
Sep 3, 2025

Study contacts

Milagros Rico-Blázquez, Master
study director · Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria de Madrid

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion