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CompletedNCT05192915AFO4-0Updated Dec 5, 2024

Comparison of Conventionally Manufactured AFO and Modular Customized AFO

An interventional study of Modular customized AFO in Gait, Drop Foot, sponsored by Beat Göpfert. Completed at 1 site in Switzerland. Open to participants aged 11 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-12-05.

Sponsored by Beat Göpfert · Not applicable, Interventional, and Screening

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
15
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
11 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The Investigator will investigate the difference in the gait pattern between 2 commercially available ankle foot orthoses (AFO): a) conventionally manufactured AFO and b) modular customized AFO using Industry 4.0 technology.

Measurement method: The participants perform an instrumented gait analyses while overground walking at a self - selected speed using a conventionally manufactured AFO or a modular customized AFO.

Read the detailed description

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common movement disorder in children [Stavsky, 2017]. It is frequently accompanied by spasticity [Baker, 2009]. The typical symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy are gait abnormalities such as equinus and drop foot that lead to severe impairments in daily life [Armand, 2016]. As these symptoms will persist in adulthood, an AFO is frequently required in this patient population.

Furthermore, other neurological diseases e.g stroke [Choo, 2021], spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury may require the daily use of an AFO.

Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) have been suggested to improve the dynamic efficiency of the gait. In addition, a positive effects on gait kinetics and kinematics have been reported [Figueiredo, 2008].

Recently, modular customized AFO are increasingly proposed as their response can be tuned to the patient's gait characteristics and/or functional maturity [6]. However, the evidence on this topic is still lacking and modular customized AFO are not yet established in clinical routine.

The aim of this study is to assess gait parameters with an instrumented gait analysis of the modular customized AFO compared to conventional, untuned AFO in a group of adolescents and a group of adults using for there daily activity an AFO, while over ground walking at self selected speed over a distance of about 10 m.

02

Conditions studied

  • Gait, Drop Foot
03

In context

Gait Disorders, Neurologic

340 studies on the registry are indexed under Gait Disorders, Neurologic; 55 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 15 is below the median of 30 across 255 interventional studies indexed under Gait Disorders, Neurologic.

Browse Gait Disorders, Neurologic studies →

Lead sponsor

This is the only study on the registry with Beat Göpfert as lead sponsor.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
11 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Participants fulfilling all of the following inclusion criteria are eligible for the study:

  • Patients (11-18 yrs.), who need a new orthosis (visit to an orthopedic technician)
  • Patients (18-65 yrs.), who need a new orthosis (visit to an orthopedic technician)
  • Informed Consent provided as documented by signature
  • Confirmed diagnosis of cerebral palsy
  • Confirmed diagnosis of spastic equinus and/ or drop foot,
  • Gait pathologies treated with conventional AFO
  • Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I or II

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Other neuromuscular diseases
  • Surgical intervention lower extremities past 12 months to improve gait pathologies
  • Injections of Botulinum toxin 6 months prior to study inclusion
  • Inability or unwillingness to follow the procedures of the gait analysis
  • in women: pregnancy
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Screening
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
15 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Other
    Modular customized AFO

    Walks better at self selected speed with a modular customized AFO than with a conventional AFO.

    Device: Modular customized AFO

Interventions

  • DeviceModular customized AFO

    Walks better at self selected speed with a modular customized AFO than with a conventional AFO.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Gait Profile Score (GPS)

    The primary outcome measure is the gait profile score (GPS), which is an overall score calculated from all kinematic parameters (joint rotation angles) of the affected leg and expressed as the deviation from the normal gait cycle in degrees. The outcome of the GPS will be compared between the conventional AFO, and modular customized AFO for each participant and for each group.

    Time frame: immediately after the intervention (gait analysis)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Movement Analysis Profile (MAP) and spatial-temporal parameters

    Secondary outcomes are the Movement analysis profile (MAP) and spatial-temporal parameters, both calculated from kinematic parameters and expressed as the deviation from the normal gait cycle in degrees. The MAP consists of individual scores for each joint rotation angle (pelvic tilt, pelvic obliquity, pelvic rotation, hip flexion/extension, hip abduction/adduction, hip rotation, knee flexion/extension, ankle dorsiflexion/extension and foot progression) of the affected leg \[2\]. Spatial-temporal parameters are walking speed (m/s), cadence (steps/min x 100) and stride length (m) of the affected leg. The above-mentioned parameters will be compared between the conventional AFO, and modular customized AFO for each participant and for each group.

    Time frame: immediately after the intervention (gait analysis)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Basel
    Basel, Canton of Basel-City 4000, Switzerland
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Stavsky M, Mor O, Mastrolia SA, Greenbaum S, Than NG, Erez O. Cerebral Palsy-Trends in Epidemiology and Recent Development in Prenatal Mechanisms of Disease, Treatment, and Prevention. Front Pediatr. 2017 Feb 13;5:21. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00021. eCollection 2017. PubMed 28243583 ↗
  • Baker R, McGinley JL, Schwartz MH, Beynon S, Rozumalski A, Graham HK, Tirosh O. The gait profile score and movement analysis profile. Gait Posture. 2009 Oct;30(3):265-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.05.020. Epub 2009 Jul 24. PubMed 19632117 ↗
  • Armand S, Decoulon G, Bonnefoy-Mazure A. Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy. EFORT Open Rev. 2016 Dec 22;1(12):448-460. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000052. eCollection 2016 Dec. PubMed 28698802 ↗
  • Choo YJ, Chang MC. Effectiveness of an ankle-foot orthosis on walking in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 5;11(1):15879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95449-x. PubMed 34354172 ↗
  • Figueiredo EM, Ferreira GB, Maia Moreira RC, Kirkwood RN, Fetters L. Efficacy of ankle-foot orthoses on gait of children with cerebral palsy: systematic review of literature. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2008 Fall;20(3):207-23. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e318181fb34. PubMed 18703958 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Feb 2022 to primary completion in Dec 2023, 22 months.

Of 181 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Gait Disorders, Neurologic, half reached primary completion within 16 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 38. This study's 22 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 194 studies reached it within 14 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 38.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Dec 13, 2021
First posted
Jan 14, 2022
StartActual
Feb 25, 2022
Primary completionActual
Dec 31, 2023
CompletionActual
Jan 31, 2024
Last update
Dec 5, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 5, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05192915
Lead sponsor
Beat Göpfert
Responsible party
Beat Göpfert (MEng, EMBA, University of Basel) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Jan 14, 2022
Start date
Feb 25, 2022
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2023
Completion
Jan 31, 2024
Last update
Dec 5, 2024

Study contacts

Beat Goepfert, MEng, EMBA
principal investigator · University of Basel

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Nov 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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