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CompletedNCT05178992Updated May 8, 2026

Use of Socially Assistive Robots for Long Term Care Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment and Apathy

A Phase 1/2 interventional study of Socially Assistive Robot Activity in Alzheimer Disease, sponsored by Vanderbilt University. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 60 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-05-08.

Sponsored by Vanderbilt University · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 1/2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
142
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
60 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the impact of a socially assistive robot system on reducing apathy among cognitively impaired older adults residing in long term care facilities. Earlier phases of this project demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the robotic system. First, investigators will improve the social robotic interaction architecture through additional software development, enhance its versatility, and make it easy for non-experts to run. Second, 188 participants will be randomized to either usual activity programs at the long term care facility, or the usual activity programs plus the robotic activities. Researchers will examine the effect on apathy and also plan on examining underlying individual and facility factors that influence the impact of the robotic activities.

02

Conditions studied

  • Alzheimer Disease

Keywords

  • Apathy
  • Robotics
  • Virtual Reality
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
60 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Residing >3 months in long term care facility
  • Evidence of mild cognitive impairment (SAGE score 15-16), mild dementia (SAGE score \<15, AD8\<2, DSRD\<19), or moderate dementia (SAGE \<15, AD8>1, DSRD 19-36)
  • Symptoms of apathy (Score 30+ on AES-C)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Severe cognitive impairment
  • Physically unable to participate
  • Unable to provide assent
  • Uncorrected vision or hearing
  • Never spoke English
  • Unable to sit comfortably in chair
  • Acutely ill, terminally ill or unresponsive
  • Unable to be moved to activity location
  • Aggressive or combative
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 1 / Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
142 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Socially Assistive Robot Activity

    Participants will attend two sessions per week and interact with the robot. Four weeks with a humanoid robot and four weeks with a dog robot. Participants can continue to join other activities held within the facility.

    Behavioral: Socially Assistive Robot Activity

  • Active comparator
    Usual Activity Program

    Participants will attend at least two sessions per week at activities held within the facility. They will not be exposed to the robot activities.

    Behavioral: Socially Assistive Robot Activity

Interventions

  • BehavioralSocially Assistive Robot Activity

    Participants will attend two weekly sessions with robot activities. Each session will last 30 minutes. Participants will attend robot sessions for 8 weeks.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Apathy

    Apathy Evaluation Scale - Clinician (AES-C) will be used to assess changes in composite apathy score from baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. The AES-C is a validated 18-item instrument used to assess cognitive, behavioral, emotional and other symptoms of apathy. Clinicians rate each item based on verbal and nonverbal information provided by the participant. Item scores range from 1 (not at all characteristic) to 4 (a lot characteristic). Total scores range from 18 to 72 where higher derived scores indicate greater apathy.

    Time frame: Baseline to Week 8

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Trail Making Test (TMT)

    The TMT is a well established test of executive function and has two forms. TMT-A consists of a series of numbers in circles displayed randomly on a page; the person links the numbers in sequence. TMT-B consists of numbers (1 to 13) and letters (A to L) inside circles randomly placed on a page; the person alternates in connecting ascending numbers with ascending letters. TMT is scored by time in seconds to complete, up to 5 minutes. TMT-A normal time is 29 seconds and deficient score is \>78 seconds. TMT-B average score is 75 seconds and deficient score \> 273 seconds.

    Time frame: Baseline to Week 8

  2. Change in Animal Fluency Test

    Verbal fluency tests require verbal ability and executive control processes; the Animal Naming test requires naming 15 animals in 1 minute; thus, less than 15 animals named in 1 minute is considered a deficient score.

    Time frame: Baseline to Week 8

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Vanderbilt University
    Nashville, Tennessee 37212-2010, United States
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Ghosh R, Khan N, Migovich M, Tate JA, Maxwell CA, Newhouse PA, Scharre DW, Tan A, Mion LC, Sarkar N. Engaging Older Adults and Staff in the Co-Design and Evaluation of Socially Assistive Robot and Virtual Reality Activities for Long-Term Care: User-Centered Study. JMIR Aging. 2025 Dec 2;8:e75288. doi: 10.2196/75288. PubMed 41330571 ↗
  • Tate JA, Mion LC, Migovich M, Ghosh R, Khan N, Kilpatrick A, Scharre DW, Newhouse PA, Maxwell CA, Tan A, Sarkar N. A multi-site randomized clinical trial of socially assistive robots on engaging older adults with cognitive impairment residing in long-term care settings: A protocol paper. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Aug;155:107980. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.107980. Epub 2025 Jun 6. PubMed 40482961 ↗

Study documents

  • Informed consent form · Nov 5, 2023

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All IPD that are de-identified and have been used in publications.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap, Analytic code

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05178992
Lead sponsor
Vanderbilt University
Collaborators
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Responsible party
Nilanjan Sarkar (David K. Wilson Professor of Engineering, Vanderbilt University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 5, 2022
Start date
Feb 7, 2023
Primary completion
Oct 31, 2025
Completion
Jan 31, 2026
Last update
May 8, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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