Population Pharmacokinetic - Pharmacodynamic Models of Chronic Disease Therapeutics for Smokers

According to the selection criteria for non-smokers:

No previous smoking history;Or previous smokers who had quit smoking for more than 6 months prior to enrollment.

A smoker joins the queue by:

1. Have smoked for more than one year (more than one cigarette per day on average and more than six months continuously) and have not quit at present.
2. Agree to smoke cigarettes sold in the market according to the requirements of the program.

Both smokers and non-smokers were forced to meet additional inclusion criteria at the cost of a smoker:

1. Age: 18-70 (boundary value included), no gender limitation;

2. Patients who meet one of the following conditions:

   ① Patients who were previously diagnosed with hypertension, were taking levamlodipine besylate tablets for antihypertensive therapy, and were managed according to hypertensive lifestyle (diet and exercise) for a long time.

   ② Patients who were previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, were taking metformin sustained-release tablets for hypoglycemic treatment, and were managed according to diabetic lifestyle (diet and exercise) for a long time.

3. Fixed dosing regimen was used one month before enrollment, and the regimen could be continued after enrollment.
4. Subjects understand the risks and regulations of the study and can abide by the study protocol, voluntarily participate in the study and sign the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Have a history of alcohol abuse (drinking more than 14 units of alcohol per week, 1 unit =350 mL beer or 44 mL 40% alcohol spirits or 150 mL wine) or have a history of alcohol abuse and have been abstinent for less than 3 months.
2. The subject has a history of pathophysiological conditions affecting drug absorption (such as inability to swallow, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.) or gastrointestinal surgery affecting drug absorption.
3. HBsAg, HCV or syphilis antibody tested positive in the past.
4. Pregnant and lactating women.
5. The investigator considers that the subjects are not suitable to participate in this study due to safety or compliance factors.