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CompletedNCT04993560Updated Oct 26, 2021

Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Prime-boost Vaccine in Bahrain

An observational study in SARS-CoV 2 Infection and Covid19, sponsored by Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain. Completed at 1 site in Bahrain. Open to participants aged 21 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-10-26.

Sponsored by Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Ecologic or community
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
305
Ages
21 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is potentially a deadly disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that targets the lung mainly, resulting in respiratory tract infections in humans. It has developed into a pandemic with serious global public health problems.

Recent research has shown that the new SARS-CoV-2 variants reduces the efficacy of the vaccinations and are predominantly more transmissible or infective. A few countries namely Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, and Turkey have recently started introducing a booster dose following primary two doses of the COVID-19 immunization series.

This study aims to identify which booster dose is more effective; taking a booster dose from the same vaccine initially taken or a booster dose from a different vaccine than initially taken.

Read the detailed description

According to the World Health Organization COVID-19 Dashboard, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, has caused over 181 million infections and more than 3 million deaths worldwide as of July 1, 2021. COVID-19 is potentially a deadly disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that targets the lung mainly resulting in respiratory tract infections in humans. This has become a serious concern for public health.

Among the currently approved COVID-19 vaccines in the Kingdom of Bahrain, BBIBP-CorV (inactivated virus) vaccine and BNT162b2 (mRNA vaccine) is being administered to the population.

Inactivated vaccines have been extensively studied. In a phase 1/2 trial, the BBIBP-CorV vaccine has shown to be generally safe against COVID-19 and induce antibody responses. However, WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) experts have summarized information from clinical trials in Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Jordan, and China indicating that individuals with comorbidities and older adults (≥60 years) who received 2 doses of BBIBP-CorV have low confidence in the efficacy of preventing COVID-19.

Current clinical trials have played a key role in the approval of different COVID vaccines based on their efficacy data, however, there is still uncertainty regarding the duration of protection from these vaccines towards the COVID -19 virus. Recent evidence has shown that the new SARS-CoV-2 variants reduces the efficacy of the vaccinations and are predominantly more transmissible or infective.

A few countries namely Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, and Turkey have recently started introducing a booster dose following primary two doses of the COVID-19 immunization series. The enhanced humoral response has been seen in homologous vaccination. Heterologous vaccination has shown to significantly induce more immunogenicity than homologous vector boost, and higher or comparable to the homologous mRNA regimens. Strong humoral and immune response has also been induced by heterologous vector-mRNA boosting with an acceptable reactogenicity profile.

To our knowledge, there has been no research conducted to date on the reactogenic and immunogenetic response of a COVID-19 booster dose after completing the primary two doses of the COVID-19 immunization series. This study will compare the reactogenic and immunogenetic response of heterologous BNT162b2 booster dose after completing two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccination versus homologous BBIBP-CorV booster after completing two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccination.

02

Conditions studied

  • SARS-CoV 2 Infection
  • Covid19

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Safety
  • Efficacy
  • Prime-boost vaccine
  • COVID-19
  • BBIBP-CorV booster
  • BNT162b2 booster
03

In context

COVID-19

7,990 studies on the registry are indexed under COVID-19; 466 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 305 is above the median of 268 across 3,208 observational studies indexed under COVID-19.

Browse COVID-19 studies →

Lead sponsor

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain is the lead sponsor of 11 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

Adults aged ≥21yo. Asymptomatic 24h before the administration of booster dose. Has no active or previous RT-PCR lab-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Tested negative using Rapid Antigen Detection Test on the day of receiving the booster

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged ≥21yo.
  • Asymptomatic 24h before the administration of booster dose.
  • Has no active or previous RT-PCR lab-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis.
  • Completed three months to six months after the second dose of BBIBP-CorV.
  • Have at least one Antibody test done before receiving the BBIBP-CorV booster dose OR can be done if the participant is yet to receive the BNT162b2 booster dose.
  • Tested negative using Rapid Antigen Detection Test on the day of receiving the booster (positive results will confirm with RT-PCR).
  • Study participants must have the ability to give .

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged \<21yo.
  • Symptomatic within 24h before the administration of booster dose.
  • Has active or previous RT-PCR lab-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis.
  • Did not complete three months to six months after the second dose of BBIBP-CorV.
  • Does not have at least one Antibody test done before receiving the BBIBP-CorV booster dose
  • Tested positive using Rapid Antigen Detection Test on the day of receiving the booster (positive results will be confirmed with PCR).
  • Patients unable to give .
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Observational model
Ecologic or community
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
305 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Homologous booster

    Two doses of BBIBP-CorV, followed by BBIBP-CorV

    Biological: BBIBP-CorV

  • Heterologous booster

    Two doses of BBIBP-CorV, followed by BNT162b2

    Biological: BNT162b2

Interventions

  • BiologicalBBIBP-CorV

    Inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine

    Also known as: Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine

  • BiologicalBNT162b2

    mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine

    Also known as: Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change from Baseline Immunogenicity at 8 weeks

    Antigen-specific humoral immune response will be analyzed using one commercial immunoassay (S, N) and one pseudovirus neutralization assay (sVNT)

    Time frame: before the reception of the booster dose and on the 8th week after the reception of the booster dose

Secondary outcomes

  1. Reactogenicity

    The intensity of adverse events will be graded according to a 4-grade scale: Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate), Grade 3 (severe), and Grade 4 (life-threatening). Reactogenicity symptoms can be: Local: (Hardness, Itch, Pain, Warmth, Redness, and Swelling) • Systemic: (Chills, Fatigue, Fever, Feverish, Headache, Joint pain, Malaise, Muscle ache, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea)

    Time frame: A follow-up call will be made to participants that received booster doses on day 1 and day 5. To review any adverse events a weekly phone call will be made for a total of 8 weeks from the date of recruitment.

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain
    Manama, Bahrain
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507-513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PubMed 32007143 ↗
  • Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):470-473. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9. Epub 2020 Jan 24. No abstract available. Erratum In: Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):496. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30250-6. PubMed 31986257 ↗
  • WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. World Health Organization. World Health Organization; [cited 2021Jul1]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/
  • Xia S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Gao GF, Tan W, Wu G, Xu M, Lou Z, Huang W, Xu W, Huang B, Wang H, Wang W, Zhang W, Li N, Xie Z, Ding L, You W, Zhao Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Yang Y, Xu G, Luo B, Wang W, Liu P, Guo W, Yang X. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;21(1):39-51. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30831-8. Epub 2020 Oct 15. PubMed 33069281 ↗
  • https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/2021/april/2_sage29apr2021_critical-evidence_sinopharm.pdf
  • Moore JP, Offit PA. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and the Growing Threat of Viral Variants. JAMA. 2021 Mar 2;325(9):821-822. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.1114. No abstract available. PubMed 33507218 ↗
  • Li Q, Wu J, Nie J, Zhang L, Hao H, Liu S, Zhao C, Zhang Q, Liu H, Nie L, Qin H, Wang M, Lu Q, Li X, Sun Q, Liu J, Zhang L, Li X, Huang W, Wang Y. The Impact of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Viral Infectivity and Antigenicity. Cell. 2020 Sep 3;182(5):1284-1294.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.012. Epub 2020 Jul 17. PubMed 32730807 ↗
  • Li Q, Nie J, Wu J, Zhang L, Ding R, Wang H, Zhang Y, Li T, Liu S, Zhang M, Zhao C, Liu H, Nie L, Qin H, Wang M, Lu Q, Li X, Liu J, Liang H, Shi Y, Shen Y, Xie L, Zhang L, Qu X, Xu W, Huang W, Wang Y. SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 variants lack higher infectivity but do have immune escape. Cell. 2021 Apr 29;184(9):2362-2371.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.042. Epub 2021 Feb 23. PubMed 33735608 ↗
  • Ramshaw IA, Ramsay AJ. The prime-boost strategy: exciting prospects for improved vaccination. Immunol Today. 2000 Apr;21(4):163-5. doi: 10.1016/s0167-5699(00)01612-1. No abstract available. PubMed 10740236 ↗
  • Shaw RH, Stuart A, Greenland M, Liu X, Nguyen Van-Tam JS, Snape MD; Com-COV Study Group. Heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination: initial reactogenicity data. Lancet. 2021 May 29;397(10289):2043-2046. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01115-6. Epub 2021 May 12. No abstract available. Erratum In: Lancet. 2021 May 29;397(10289):2048. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01156-9. PubMed 33991480 ↗
  • Schmidt T, Klemis V, Schub D, Mihm J, Hielscher F, Marx S, et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a heterologous COVID-19 prime-boost vaccination compared with homologous vaccine regimens. 2021;
  • Gross R, Zanoni M, Seidel A, Conzelmann C, Gilg A, Krnavek D, Erdemci-Evin S, Mayer B, Hoffmann M, Pohlmann S, Liu W, Hahn BH, Beil A, Kroschel J, Jahrsdorfer B, Schrezenmeier H, Kirchhoff F, Munch J, Muller JA. Heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses and T cell reactivity against prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants. EBioMedicine. 2022 Jan;75:103761. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103761. Epub 2021 Dec 17. PubMed 34929493 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Monitoring, audits, and Research Ethics Committee review will be permitted and provide direct access to source data and documents. The Lead PI and the researchers assigned by him will have access to the stored data/specimens. Only the Lead PI and the researchers assigned working on this study will be eligible to obtain the data/specimens from the participants during data collection.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Clinical study report, Analytic code

Time frame: Dr Manaf will act as the data custodian and is responsible for the storage, handling and quality of the study data. Data will be collected in the case report form to allow for cross referencing to check validity. Study documents (paper and electronic) will be retained in a secure (kept locked when not in use) location during and after the trial has finished. All essential documents including source documents will be retained for a period of 5 years after study completion (last patient, last study point). A label stating the date after which the documents can be destroyed will be placed on the inside front cover of the case notes of trial participants.

Access criteria: Study documents (paper and electronic) will be retained in a secure (kept locked when not in use) location during and after the trial has finished.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Jul 2021 to primary completion in Sep 2021, 1 month.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 4, 2021
First posted
Aug 6, 2021
StartActual
Jul 18, 2021
Primary completionActual
Sep 17, 2021
CompletionActual
Oct 19, 2021
Last update
Oct 26, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 26, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04993560
Lead sponsor
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain
Collaborators
The National Taskforce for Combatting COVID-19- Kingdom of Bahrain, Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Ministry of Health, Bahrain, Bahrain International Exhibition & Convention Centre
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 6, 2021
Start date
Jul 18, 2021
Primary completion
Sep 17, 2021
Completion
Oct 19, 2021
Last update
Oct 26, 2021

Study contacts

Manaf AlQahtani, Dr.
principal investigator · Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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