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CompletedNCT04966845Updated May 31, 2024

Effect of Face Mask on Exhaled Carbon Monoxide of Smokers

An observational study in Concentration of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide, sponsored by University of Athens. Completed at 2 sites in Greece. Open to participants aged 21 Years to 70 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-05-31.

Sponsored by University of Athens · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Case-crossover
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
120
Ages
21 Years to 70 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Study of 120 healthy subjects without cardiovascular disease, 40 smokers of conventional cigarettes, 40 exclusive users of Heat-non-Burn Cigarettes and 40 nonsmokers.

Baseline measurements of CO will be performed in the morning after awakening without the use of any mask when they arrive at hospital. This time point is selected to detect the lowest exhaled CO levels after the abstinence of smoking during the sleep.

After baseline CO measurement, subjects will be randomly assigned to assess exhaled CO concentration at the end of an 8h morning shift wearing a mask at hospital, or to CO assessment at the end of an 8h morning period without mask out of the hospital (usually home stay). Then the subjects will be crossed over to CO assessment at end of an 8h period without mask out of the hospital after their shift or to an 8h afternoon period wearing a mask during an afternoon hospital shift respectively.

Read the detailed description

Study of 120 healthy subjects without cardiovascular disease, 40 smokers of conventional cigarettes, 40 exclusive users of Heat-non-Burn Cigarettes and 40 nonsmokers.

All subjects are civil medical personnel working for the National Health System, in a Tertiary University Hospital in Athens. Also, working in a hospital environment will ensure the use of a mask during the shift.

Baseline measurements of CO will be performed in the morning after awakening without the use of any mask when they arrived at hospital. This time point is selected to detect the lowest exhaled CO levels after the abstinence of smoking during the sleep. CO has a half-life of 5-6 hours and consequently CO levels after the period of sleep (almost 8 hours) verge to decline or to normalize.

After baseline CO measurement, subjects will be randomly assigned to assess exhaled CO concentration at the end of an 8h morning shift wearing a mask at hospital, or to CO assessment at the end of an 8h morning period without mask out of the hospital (usually home stay). Then the subjects will be crossed over to CO assessment at end of an 8h period without mask out of the hospital after their shift or to an 8h afternoon period wearing a mask during an afternoon hospital shift respectively.

Measurements with and without mask will be done one hour after smoking the last cigarette. Subjects are inducted to smoke the same number of cigarettes or heats during their shift while wearing the mask as well as during the out-hospital period when not using a mask. During their shift they are instructed to wear the surgical mask constantly.

02

Conditions studied

  • Concentration of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

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Keywords

  • smoking; heat-not-burn cigarette; face mask; Carbon Monoxide
03

In context

Smoking

325 studies on the registry are indexed under Smoking; 141 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 120 is close to the median of 114 across 69 observational studies indexed under Smoking.

Browse Smoking studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Athens is the lead sponsor of 139 studies on the registry; 19 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

120 healthy subjects without cardiovascular disease, 40 smokers of conventional cigarettes , 40 exclusive users of Heat-non-Burn Cigarettes and 40 nonsmokers. All subjects were civil medical personnel working for the National Health System, in a Tertiary University Hospital in Athens. They were all vaccinated and frequently tested for COVID-19. Also, working in a hospital environment ensured the use of a mask during the shift.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Healthy individuals without cardiovascular disease. 40 smokers of conventional cigarettes , 40 exclusive users of Heat-non-Burn Cigarettes and 40 nonsmokers.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • i) abnormal renal function, ii) hepatic failure (bilirubin> 2 mg / dl), iii) active malignancy, iv) patients treated with drugs that affect platelet function, v) history of coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease, vi) history of cardiomyopathy, vii) age\<21 years old, viii) patients with thrombocytopenia (PLTs \< 100x109/L), ix) anemia (HCT \<28%), x) alcohol or drug abuse, xi) pregnancy, xii) risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
05

Study design

Observational model
Case-crossover
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
120 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Smokers

    Exclusive smokers of conventional cigarettes

    Diagnostic Test: measurement of concentration on exhaled Carbon Monoxide

  • HNBC

    Exclusive smokers of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarettes (HNBC)

    Diagnostic Test: measurement of concentration on exhaled Carbon Monoxide

  • Nonsmokers

    Subjects that abstain from smoking for at least one year

    Diagnostic Test: measurement of concentration on exhaled Carbon Monoxide

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testmeasurement of concentration on exhaled Carbon Monoxide

    exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) concentration \[parts per million (ppm) was measured by a specific device \[Bedfont Scientific, Maidstone, Kent UK\]

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in exhaled CO levels with the use of surgical face mask

    ppm

    Time frame: 8 hours

  2. Change in exhaled CO levels without the use of surgical face mask

    ppm

    Time frame: 8 hours

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Aortic Elastic Properties with the use of surgical face mask

    Aortic elastic properties will be quantified by measuring Pulse Wave Velocity (m/sec), as assessed by a dedicated device(Mobil-O-Graph, IEM GmbH, Aachen, Germany)

    Time frame: 8 hours

  2. Change in Aortic Elastic Properties with the use of surgical face mask

    Aortic elastic properties will be quantified by measuring augmentation index (%), as assessed by a dedicated device (Mobil-O-Graph, IEM GmbH, Aachen, Germany)

    Time frame: 8 hours

  3. Change in Aortic Elastic Properties with the use of surgical face mask

    Aortic elastic properties will be quantified by measuring central blood pressure (mm Hg), as assessed by a dedicated device (Mobil-O-Graph, IEM GmbH, Aachen, Germany)

    Time frame: 8 hours

  4. Change in Aortic Elastic Properties without the use of surgical face mask

    Aortic elastic properties will be quantified by measuring Pulse Wave Velocity (m/sec), as assessed by a dedicated device (Mobil-O-Graph, IEM GmbH, Aachen, Germany).

    Time frame: 8 hours

  5. Change in Aortic Elastic Properties without the use of surgical face mask

    Aortic elastic properties will be quantified by measuring augmentation index (%), as assessed by a dedicated device (Mobil-O-Graph, IEM GmbH, Aachen, Germany).

    Time frame: 8 hours

  6. Change in Aortic Elastic Properties without the use of surgical face mask

    Aortic elastic properties will be quantified by measuring central blood pressure (mm Hg), as assessed by a dedicated device (Mobil-O-Graph, IEM GmbH, Aachen, Germany).

    Time frame: 8 hours

07

Study locations

2 sites
  • Konstantinos Katogiannis
    Athens, Attica 12461, Greece
  • "Attikon" University General Hospital
    Athens, Attica 12462, Greece
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Ikonomidis I, Katogiannis K, Kourea K, Gavriella K, Tsilivarakis D, Lambadiari V, Kouretas D, Biondi-Zoccai G. The effect of smoking on exhaled carbon monoxide and arterial elasticity during prolonged surgical mask use in the COVID-19 era. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022 Nov 15;29(16):e355-e358. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac101. No abstract available. PubMed 35798027 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jul 2021 to primary completion in Jul 2021, 0 months.

Of 31 observational studies under Smoking, half reached primary completion within 52 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 17. This study's 0 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 8, 2021
First posted
Jul 19, 2021
StartActual
Jul 2, 2021
Primary completionActual
Jul 20, 2021
CompletionActual
Jul 20, 2021
Last update
May 31, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 31, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04966845
Responsible party
Ignatios Ikonomidis (Professor of Cardiology, University of Athens) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 19, 2021
Start date
Jul 2, 2021
Primary completion
Jul 20, 2021
Completion
Jul 20, 2021
Last update
May 31, 2024

Study contacts

Ignatios Ikonomidis, Professor
principal investigator · National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in May 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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