ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT04796792Updated Dec 9, 2025

Ultrasound to Facilitate Stone Passage

An interventional study of Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL) and Ultrasonic Propulsion (UP) in Urinary Stone and Urinary Calculi, sponsored by University of Washington. Recruiting at 3 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-09.

Sponsored by University of Washington · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Apr 2023; still recruiting 3 years 7 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
140
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This is a prospective, open-label, multi-center study to test the clinical feasibility of facilitating stone passage by the combination of breaking and repositioning stones with ultrasound, without the need for anesthesia.

Read the detailed description

This is a prospective, open-label, multi-center study to test the clinical feasibility of facilitating stone passage by the combination of breaking and repositioning stones with ultrasound, without the need for anesthesia.

Subjects will be included across three phases:

  • Phase 1: 20 subjects to demonstrate initial feasibility
  • Phase 2a: 100 subjects for a two-arm (50:50) randomized control trial (RCT)
  • Phase 2b: 20 subjects to demonstrate feasibility in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI)

This study has completed Phase 1. The study is currently recruiting for Phase 2b. Recruitment has not yet started for Phase 2a.

Up to 3 distinct targets may be treated per subject. The maximum total dose exposure is 30 minutes for one session. Subjects may return after at least 21 days and after all AEs have resolved for an additional session on the same side. Subjects may return after imaging follow-up for inclusion of their contralateral side.

02

Conditions studied

  • Urinary Stone
  • Urinary Calculi

Browse trials for

03

In context

Urinary Calculi

94 studies on the registry are indexed under Urinary Calculi; 20 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 140 is above the median of 120 across 61 interventional studies indexed under Urinary Calculi.

Browse Urinary Calculi studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Washington is the lead sponsor of 1,433 studies on the registry; 225 are open to participants now.

Of its 158 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 136 (86%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Individuals presenting with at least one kidney stone
  • Stone with maximum dimension > 2 mm and ≤ 7 mm as determined by clinical imaging
  • Individuals with SCI - (Phase 2b only)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals under 18 years of age
  • Individuals who are pregnant or who are trying to get pregnant
  • Prisoners
  • with cognitive impairment that would limit their ability to comprehend their role in consent or participation.
  • Individuals who are unable to read or understand English
  • Individuals who are unable or unwilling to participate in follow up activities
  • Individuals who cannot be positioned for ultrasound imaging
  • Individuals with uncorrected bleeding disorders or coagulopathies
  • Individuals receiving anticoagulants and who are unable or not willing to temporarily cease the medication for the procedure
  • Individuals with a calcified abdominal aortic aneurysm or calcified renal artery aneurysm ipsilateral to the renal stone targeted by the investigational procedure
  • Individuals with a solitary kidney
  • Individuals with an uncorrected urinary tract obstruction
  • Individuals with an untreated infection
  • Individuals with a comorbidity risk which, at the discretion of the physician, would make the patient a poor candidate for the investigational procedure
  • Individuals who have received two previous investigational procedures for the same stone target
  • Individuals who have undergone the investigational procedure within the last 21 days or still have unresolved AEs from a previous investigational procedure.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Investigational drug or device

A drug or device being studied in a clinical trial.

It may be new, or already approved and being studied for another use, dose or form. Criteria often leave out people who took part in another study of one within a recent period, commonly 30 days or five half-lives.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
140 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Phase I: Feasibility Treatment group

    Initial phase of the trial to demonstrate feasibility. All subjects undergo the investigational intervention.

    Device: Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL) and Ultrasonic Propulsion (UP)

  • Experimental
    Phase 2a: Treatment Group of a randomized control trial

    RCT phase of the trial to demonstrate superiority. All subjects undergo the investigational intervention.

    Device: Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL) and Ultrasonic Propulsion (UP)

  • No intervention
    Phase 2a: Control group of a randomized control trial

    RCT phase of the trial to demonstrate superiority. All subjects are the concurrent Control to the Phase 2a Treatment group. Subjects receive no intervention.

  • Experimental
    Phase 2b: Spinal Cord Injury Feasibility Study

    Feasbility study of the investigational intervention in subjects with spinal cord injury.

    Device: Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL) and Ultrasonic Propulsion (UP)

Interventions

  • DeviceBurst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL) and Ultrasonic Propulsion (UP)

    Novel ultrasound technologies to facilitate passage of stones.This includes Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL), a technology to noninvasively fragment urinary calculi within the kidney and ureter, and ultrasonic propulsion, a technology to non-invasively reposition stones within the kidney and ureter. BWL uses short multi-cycle bursts of low amplitude ultrasound to induce stone fracture. This is in contrast to traditional extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), which employs a brief single compression/tensile cycle of high amplitude (shock) waves to achieve stone fracture. Ultrasonic propulsion uses long multi-cycle bursts of low amplitude ultrasound to move stones within the collecting system.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Safety - incidence of return healthcare visits.

    Incidence of return health care visits associated with the device or procedure.

    Time frame: Day of procedure to 14 months post-procedure

  2. Effectiveness - stone comminution into fragments 2 mm or less.

    Number of cases where the largest dimension of any residual stone in the study kidney is less than or equal to 2 mm.

    Time frame: Day of procedure to 4 months posts procedure

Secondary outcomes

  1. Safety - incidence of adverse events (AEs)

    The incidence of all adverse events (AEs) associated with the device or procedure

    Time frame: Day of procedure to 4 months posts procedure

  2. Effectiveness - % residual stone volume

    Residual stone volume relative to the initial stone volume

    Time frame: Day of procedure to 4 months posts procedure

  3. Effectiveness - need for further stone management

    Incidence of new healthcare visits for further stone management

    Time frame: Day of procedure to 4 months posts procedure

  4. Effectiveness - Outcome from Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life questionnaire

    Quality of life, evaluated by the comparison of Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life (WISQOL) questionnaire scores before and after the investigational procedure. The questionnaire consists of a series of questions to evaluate the symptomatic and functional impact of the stones on a scale of 1 to 5, where a lower score indicates a greater impact. https://urology.wisc.edu/research/wisqol/.

    Time frame: Day of procedure to 14 months posts procedure

07

Study locations

2 of 3 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • May PC, Kreider W, Maxwell AD, Wang YN, Cunitz BW, Blomgren PM, Johnson CD, Park JSH, Bailey MR, Lee D, Harper JD, Sorensen MD. Detection and Evaluation of Renal Injury in Burst Wave Lithotripsy Using Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Endourol. 2017 Aug;31(8):786-792. doi: 10.1089/end.2017.0202. Epub 2017 Jun 16. PubMed 28521550 ↗
  • Maxwell AD, Cunitz BW, Kreider W, Sapozhnikov OA, Hsi RS, Harper JD, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. Fragmentation of urinary calculi in vitro by burst wave lithotripsy. J Urol. 2015 Jan;193(1):338-44. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.009. Epub 2014 Aug 9. PubMed 25111910 ↗
  • Harper JD, Metzler I, Hall MK, Chen TT, Maxwell AD, Cunitz BW, Dunmire B, Thiel J, Williams JC, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. First In-Human Burst Wave Lithotripsy for Kidney Stone Comminution: Initial Two Case Studies. J Endourol. 2021 Apr;35(4):506-511. doi: 10.1089/end.2020.0725. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PubMed 32940089 ↗
  • Ramesh S, Chen TT, Maxwell AD, Cunitz BW, Dunmire B, Thiel J, Williams JC, Gardner A, Liu Z, Metzler I, Harper JD, Sorensen MD, Bailey MR. In Vitro Evaluation of Urinary Stone Comminution with a Clinical Burst Wave Lithotripsy System. J Endourol. 2020 Nov;34(11):1167-1173. doi: 10.1089/end.2019.0873. Epub 2020 Mar 20. PubMed 32103689 ↗
  • Dai JC, Sorensen MD, Chang HC, Samson PC, Dunmire B, Cunitz BW, Thiel J, Liu Z, Bailey MR, Harper JD. Quantitative Assessment of Effectiveness of Ultrasonic Propulsion of Kidney Stones. J Endourol. 2019 Oct;33(10):850-857. doi: 10.1089/end.2019.0340. Epub 2019 Sep 25. PubMed 31333058 ↗
  • Maxwell AD, Wang YN, Kreider W, Cunitz BW, Starr F, Lee D, Nazari Y, Williams JC Jr, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. Evaluation of Renal Stone Comminution and Injury by Burst Wave Lithotripsy in a Pig Model. J Endourol. 2019 Oct;33(10):787-792. doi: 10.1089/end.2018.0886. Epub 2019 May 27. PubMed 31016998 ↗
  • Harper JD, Cunitz BW, Dunmire B, Lee FC, Sorensen MD, Hsi RS, Thiel J, Wessells H, Lingeman JE, Bailey MR. First in Human Clinical Trial of Ultrasonic Propulsion of Kidney Stones. J Urol. 2016 Apr;195(4 Pt 1):956-64. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.131. Epub 2015 Oct 30. PubMed 26521719 ↗
  • Harper JD, Lingeman JE, Sweet RM, Metzler IS, Sunaryo PL, Williams JC Jr, Maxwell AD, Thiel J, Cunitz BW, Dunmire B, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. Fragmentation of Stones by Burst Wave Lithotripsy in the First 19 Humans. J Urol. 2022 May;207(5):1067-1076. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002446. Epub 2022 Mar 21. PubMed 35311351 ↗
  • Hall MK, Thiel J, Dunmire B, Samson PC, Kessler R, Sunaryo P, Sweet RM, Metzler IS, Chang HC, Gunn M, Dighe M, Anderson L, Popchoi C, Managuli R, Cunitz BW, Burke BH, Ding L, Gutierrez B, Liu Z, Sorensen MD, Wessells H, Bailey MR, Harper JD. First Series Using Ultrasonic Propulsion and Burst Wave Lithotripsy to Treat Ureteral Stones. J Urol. 2022 Nov;208(5):1075-1082. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002864. Epub 2022 Nov 1. PubMed 36205340 ↗
  • Sorensen MD, Dunmire B, Thiel J, Cunitz BW, Burke BH, Levchak BJ, Popchoi C, Holmes AE, Kucewicz JC, Hall MK, Dighe M, Dai JC, Cormack FC, Liu Z, Bailey MR, Porter MP, Harper JD. Randomized Controlled Trial of Ultrasonic Propulsion-Facilitated Clearance of Residual Kidney Stone Fragments vs Observation. J Urol. 2024 Dec;212(6):811-820. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000004186. Epub 2024 Aug 15. PubMed 39146526 ↗
  • Shelton TM, Connors BA, Rivera ME, Lingeman JE, Bailey MR, Williams JC Jr. No Injury Observed in Kidneys Treated with Burst Wave Lithotripsy in Therapeutically Anticoagulated Pigs. J Endourol. 2025 Aug;39(8):804-807. doi: 10.1089/end.2024.0466. Epub 2025 Jan 16. PubMed 39819022 ↗
  • Harper JD, Dunmire B, Thiel J, Burke BH, Wang YN, Totten S, Kucewicz JC, Maxwell AD, Hall MK, Holmes AE, Popchoi C, Lingeman JE, Desai AC, Sweet RM, Dighe M, Levchak BJ, Yang CC, Bailey MR, Sorensen MD. Facilitated Clearance of Small, Asymptomatic Renal Stones With Burst Wave Lithotripsy and Ultrasonic Propulsion. J Urol. 2025 Jul;214(1):41-47. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000004533. Epub 2025 Mar 17. PubMed 40096677 ↗

Related links

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Apr 2023 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for May 2028, 61 months after the start.

Of 31 interventional studies with no phase under Urinary Calculi, half reached primary completion within 74 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 20 and three quarters within 79. This study's planned 61 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 3, 2021
First posted
Mar 15, 2021
StartActual
Apr 1, 2023
Primary completionEst.
May 31, 2028
CompletionEst.
Oct 31, 2028
Last update
Dec 9, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 9, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04796792
Responsible party
Jonathan Harper, MD (Associate Professor, School of Medicine, University of Washington) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 15, 2021
Start date
Apr 1, 2023
Primary completion
May 31, 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Oct 31, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Dec 9, 2025

Study contacts

Michael Bailey, PhD
Contact
mbailey@uw.edu
206-619-2035
Barbrina Dunmire, MS
Contact
mrbean@uw.edu
Jonathan Harper, MD
principal investigator · University of Washington

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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