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CompletedNCT04747639HB-RCT2-2015Updated Aug 4, 2021

Glycemic Response to Two Doses of Low Sugar Apple Juice

An interventional study of 500 ml glucose-depleted apple juice and 500 ml conventional apple juice in Prediabetes, sponsored by Clinical Research Center Kiel GmbH. Completed at 1 site in Germany. Open to male participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-08-04.

Sponsored by Clinical Research Center Kiel GmbH · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 5 years 3 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Oct 2015, registered Feb 2021).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
32
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Male
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Study summary

Single center, double-blind, randomized controlled cross-over trial with four treatments and four time points.

The study has three primary objectives. The first primary objective is to confirm the reduction of postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response after consumption of 500 ml glucose-free apple juice compared to 500 ml untreated apple juice as could be shown in a previous study

Read the detailed description

Single center, double-blind, randomized controlled cross-over trial with four treatments and four time points.

The study has three primary objectives. The first primary objective is to confirm the in a previous study shown reduction of postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response after consumption of 500 ml glucose-free apple juice compared to 500 ml untreated apple juice.

The second primary objective is to show the reduction of postprandial glycemic response after consumption of 250 ml glucose-free apple juice compared to 250 ml untreated apple juice.

The third primary objective is to show the reduction of insulinemic response after consumption of 250 ml glucose-free apple juice compared to 250 ml untreated apple juice.

Secondary objectives include safety aspects, specifically the occurrence of diarrhoea in all four treatment groups, differences between treatment groups on the Bristol Stool Forms Scale, gastro-intestinal symptoms and laboratory parameters. In addition, gluconate excretion and excreted portion of ingested gluconate are of interest as well as faecal pH.

02

Conditions studied

  • Prediabetes

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Keywords

  • glycemic response, enzymatic conversion, gluconate
03

In context

Prediabetic State

999 studies on the registry are indexed under Prediabetic State; 238 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 32 is below the median of 65 across 844 interventional studies indexed under Prediabetic State.

Browse Prediabetic State studies →

Lead sponsor

Clinical Research Center Kiel GmbH is the lead sponsor of 7 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Male
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Males aged ≥ 18y
  2. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)
  3. Written informed consent
  4. Consent to collect stools and urine four times for three days

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Subjects currently enrolled in another clinical study
  2. Subjects having finished another clinical study within the last 4 weeks before inclusion.
  3. Subjects having participated in the study HB-RCT1-2015
  4. Hypersensitivity, allergy or idiosyncratic reaction to apple, apple juice or other apple containing food
  5. Acute or chronic infections
  6. Renal insufficiency
  7. Gastrointestinal illness
  8. No stools of type 5-7 of Bristol Stool Form Scale within the last week before inclusion
  9. History of gastrointestinal surgery
  10. Known fructose intolerance
  11. Overt diabetes mellitus
  12. Endocrine disorders
  13. Any disease or condition which might compromise significantly the hematopoietic, renal, endocrine, pulmonary, hepatic, cardiovascular, immunological, central nervous, dermatological or any other body system with the exception of the conditions defined by the inclusion criteria
  14. History of hepatitis B and C
  15. History of HIV infection
  16. History of coagulation disorders or pharmaceutical anti-coagulation (with the exception of acetylsalicylic acid)
  17. Regular medical treatment including OTC, which may have impact on the study aims (e.g. gluconic acid-containing OTCs, antidiabetic drugs, laxatives etc.)
  18. Major cognitive or psychiatric disorders
  19. Subjects who are scheduled to undergo hospitalization during the study period
  20. Eating disorders (e.g. anorexia, bulimia) or special diets (e.g. vegan, vegetarian)
  21. Present drug abuse or alcoholism
  22. Legal incapacity
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
32 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    verum 500

    500 ml low sugar apple juice manufactured from conventional apple juice via a series of enzymatic reactions that end up in a final content of free glucose less than 0,5 g/l.

    Other: 500 ml glucose-depleted apple juice

  • Placebo comparator
    control 500

    500 ml conventional apple juice produced by a general apple juice production process (free glucose 17g/l)

    Other: 500 ml conventional apple juice

  • Active comparator
    verum 250

    250 ml low sugar apple juice manufactured from conventional apple juice via a series of enzymatic reactions that end up in a final content of free glucose less than 0,5 g/l.

    Other: 250 ml glucose-depleted apple juice

  • Placebo comparator
    control 250

    250 ml conventional apple juice produced by a general apple juice production process (free glucose 17g/l)

    Other: 250 ml conventional apple juice

Interventions

  • Other500 ml glucose-depleted apple juice
  • Other500 ml conventional apple juice
  • Other250 ml glucose-depleted apple juice
  • Other250 ml conventional apple juice
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. iAUC glucose 500

    Incremental AUC (iAUC120) of blood glucose levels (according to FAO/WHO) after 500 ml juice

    Time frame: 120 min after ingestion

  2. iAUC insulin 500

    iAUC insulin 500

    Time frame: 120 min after ingestion

  3. iAUC glucose 250

    Incremental AUC (iAUC120) of blood glucose levels (according to FAO/WHO) after 250 ml juice

    Time frame: 120 min after ingestion

  4. iAUC insulin 250

    iAUC insulin 250

    Time frame: 120 min after ingestion

Secondary outcomes

  1. diarrhea

    Occurrence of diarrhoea as assessed by stool frequency and Bristol Stool Forms Scale (Lewis, 1997) (3 or more loose or liquid stools per day, definition according to the WHO)

    Time frame: before and 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion with respect to the last 2 hours

  2. gastro-intestinal symptoms

    Assessed by completing questionnaires on gastrointestinal symptoms (GSRS; Svedlund 1988; Dimenäs 1995; Revicki 1998)

    Time frame: before and 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion with respect to the last 2 hours

07

Study locations

1 site
  • CRC Clinical Research Center Kiel
    Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein 24118, Germany
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 4, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04747639
Lead sponsor
Clinical Research Center Kiel GmbH
Collaborators
Nofima
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Feb 10, 2021
Start date
Oct 28, 2015
Primary completion
May 9, 2016
Completion
Feb 2021
Last update
Aug 4, 2021

Study contacts

Christiane Laue, Dr. (MD)
principal investigator · CRC Clinical Research Center Kiel

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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