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CompletedNCT04719676Updated May 5, 2021

Comparison of Core Strength Training Using Stable Versus Unstable Surfaces

An interventional study of Core strength training using unstable surface and The stable surface would be gym floor. in Sports Physical Therapy, sponsored by Riphah International University. Completed at 1 site in Pakistan. Open to male participants aged 19 Years to 44 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-05-05.

Sponsored by Riphah International University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 3 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Aug 2020, registered Nov 2020).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
19 Years to 44 Years
Sex
Male
01

Study summary

This study will address the scarcity of research and the variations in recommendations regarding core strengthening and stability programs. As physical fitness is a major concern of individuals and mostly people refer gym for fitness enhancement, this study will thus provide a guideline for effective core strength training program

Read the detailed description

Male clients, aged 19 to 44 years, coming to the gym for strength training will be purposively selected based on the inclusion criteria and then randomly assigned into two groups. They will undergo a series of pre-intervention tests that would assess their strength using Bourbon TMS and standing long jump tests; flexibility using stand and reach test; balance using Y balance test; coordination using jumping sideways test and speed using 20-m sprint test. After initial assessment, they will be advised and demonstrated for curl-up, side-bridging and quadrupled exercises. The experimental group will perform these exercises on Thera-Band© Exercise Ball while the control group will perform the same exercises on gym floor. The clients will have sessions on preferably the first day and 4th day of the week but is subject to their attendance at the gym. There will be interval assessments at 2nd and 4th week based on the tests mentioned above to record changes at these intervals. After 6 weeks of bi-weekly sessions, the clients will undergo post-intervention tests that will be the same as pre-intervention tests.

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Conditions studied

  • Sports Physical Therapy

Keywords

  • Core Strength Training
  • Flexibility
  • Balance
  • Coordination
  • Speed
03

In context

Lead sponsor

Riphah International University is the lead sponsor of 2,133 studies on the registry; 633 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
19 Years to 44 Years
Sexes eligible
Male
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Male clients
  • Male adults with age 19-44 years
  • Regular gym attendance with at least two gym workout session per week

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Recent history of injury or illness
  • Clients coming to gym for other exercises (endurance training, cardiovascular training)
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
30 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Core strength training using unstable surface

    The experimental group will use Core strength training using unstable surface

    Other: Core strength training using unstable surface

  • Active comparator
    The stable surface would be gym floor.

    The control group will use stable surface.

    Other: The stable surface would be gym floor.

Interventions

  • OtherCore strength training using unstable surface

    Training would include "big 3" exercises as described by McGill. These include the curl-up, side bridge, and quadruped position on unstable surface

  • OtherThe stable surface would be gym floor.

    Training would include "big 3" exercises as described by McGill. These include the curl-up, side bridge, and quadruped position on stable gym Floor

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Bourbon TMS test (core strength)

    The Bourbon Trunk Muscle Strength(TMS) test is an economical measure for assessment of dorsal, ventral and lateral trunk muscle chains.

    Time frame: 6 to 8 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Stand-and-reach test (flexibility)

    It is used for the measurement of spinal and pelvic flexibility. Excellent test-retest reliability has been reported for the stand-and-reach test with an ICC of 0.94.

    Time frame: 6 to 8 weeks

  2. 20-m sprint test (speed)

    Maximum effort sprints will be assessed from a stationary start to a distance of 20 meters to assess the speed of participant. Excellent test-retest reliability has been reported for the hand stopped 20-m sprint test with an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.90 variable

    Time frame: 6 to 8 weeks

  3. Jumping Sideways Test

    The jumping sideways test evaluates motor coordination under time pressure. Excellent test-retest reliability has been reported for the jumping sideways test with an ICC of 0.89

    Time frame: 6 to 8 weeks

  4. Y Balance Test

    The lower quarter Y balance test is a dynamic test that requires subjects to maintain single leg stance while reaching as far as possible with the contralateral leg in 3 different movement directions (i.e., anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral). Excellent test retest reliability has been reported for the Y balance test in all 3 movement directions with ICC values ranging between 0.89 and 0.93.

    Time frame: 6 to 8 weeks

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Study locations

1 site
  • Contours Gym Rehman Medical Institute
    Peshawar, Khyberpakhtunkhuaw 25000, Pakistan
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Imai A, Kaneoka K, Okubo Y, Shiina I, Tatsumura M, Izumi S, Shiraki H. Trunk muscle activity during lumbar stabilization exercises on both a stable and unstable surface. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Jun;40(6):369-75. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3211. PubMed 20511695 ↗
  • Escamilla RF, Lewis C, Bell D, Bramblet G, Daffron J, Lambert S, Pecson A, Imamura R, Paulos L, Andrews JR. Core muscle activation during Swiss ball and traditional abdominal exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 May;40(5):265-76. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3073. PubMed 20436242 ↗
  • Kim K-J. Effects of Core Muscle Strengthening Training on Flexibility, Muscular Strength and Driver Shot Performance in Female Professional Golfers. International Journal of Applied sports sciences. 2010;22(1).
  • Kahle N, Tevald MA. Core muscle strengthening's improvement of balance performance in community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study. J Aging Phys Act. 2014 Jan;22(1):65-73. doi: 10.1123/japa.2012-0132. Epub 2013 Jan 23. PubMed 23348043 ↗
  • Okada T, Huxel KC, Nesser TW. Relationship between core stability, functional movement, and performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jan;25(1):252-61. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b22b3e. PubMed 20179652 ↗
  • Martuscello JM, Nuzzo JL, Ashley CD, Campbell BI, Orriola JJ, Mayer JM. Systematic review of core muscle activity during physical fitness exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Jun;27(6):1684-98. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318291b8da. PubMed 23542879 ↗
  • Uribe BP, Coburn JW, Brown LE, Judelson DA, Khamoui AV, Nguyen D. Muscle activation when performing the chest press and shoulder press on a stable bench vs. a Swiss ball. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Apr;24(4):1028-33. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ca4fb8. PubMed 20300023 ↗
  • Kim MH, Oh JS. Effects of performing an abdominal hollowing exercise on trunk muscle activity during curl-up exercise on an unstable surface. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Feb;27(2):501-3. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.501. Epub 2015 Feb 17. PubMed 25729202 ↗
  • Lago-Fuentes C, Rey E, Padron-Cabo A, Sal de Rellan-Guerra A, Fragueiro-Rodriguez A, Garcia-Nunez J. Effects of Core Strength Training Using Stable and Unstable Surfaces on Physical Fitness and Functional Performance in Professional Female Futsal Players. J Hum Kinet. 2018 Dec 31;65:213-224. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0029. eCollection 2018 Dec. PubMed 30687433 ↗
  • Axel TA, Crussemeyer JA, Dean K, Young DE. Field Test Performance of Junior Competitive Surf Athletes following a Core Strength Training Program. Int J Exerc Sci. 2018 Jun 1;11(6):696-707. doi: 10.70252/XHXE2254. eCollection 2018. PubMed 29997737 ↗
  • Hsu SL, Oda H, Shirahata S, Watanabe M, Sasaki M. Effects of core strength training on core stability. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018 Aug;30(8):1014-1018. doi: 10.1589/jpts.30.1014. Epub 2018 Jul 24. PubMed 30154592 ↗
  • Thompson WR. Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2018: the CREP edition. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal. 2017;21(6):10-9.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 5, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04719676
Lead sponsor
Riphah International University
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 22, 2021
Start date
Aug 1, 2020
Primary completion
Dec 30, 2020
Completion
Dec 30, 2020
Last update
May 5, 2021

Study contacts

Raeed Mufti, MSPT-SPT
principal investigator · Riphah International University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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