ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04698083Updated Jan 6, 2021

Electrocardiographic QRS Axis Shift ,Rotation and COVİD-19

An observational study in Covid19, sponsored by Ankara Education and Research Hospital. Completed at 1 site in Turkey. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-01-06.

Sponsored by Ankara Education and Research Hospital · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Case-only
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrollment
160
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 429 studies in COVID-19 with a site in Turkey — 9 open to participants now, 11 under way, 3 of them phase 3. COVID-19 · Turkey.

Enrollment
110th of 251
160 · median 148
Started
2020
with 166 others
Observational
251 of 429
2 open now
Registered
123rd of 429
by date

Among the 429 studies in COVID-19 with a site in Turkey, this one is the 110th largest by enrollment of the 251 observational ones, is one of 167 that started in 2020, is one of 251 observational ones, and was the 123rd registered.

By phase

429 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

Observationalthis study251 · 2 open
No phase123 · 4 open
Phase 318 · 3 open
Phase 216 · 0 open
Phase 2/39 · 0 open
Phase 17 · 0 open
Phase 44 · 0 open
Phase 1/21 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 2018; this study’s year is marked. 167 started in 2020.

Size and results

Median enrollment 64 across the 178 interventional studies, 148 across the 251 observational. Of the 342 that completed or were terminated, 19 (6%) have results posted.

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02

Study summary

In patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), severe dyspnea is the most dramatic complication.Severe respiratory difficulties may include electrocardiographic frontal QRS axis rightward shift (Rws) and clockwise rotation (Cwr).

This study investigated the predictability of advanced lung tomography findings with QRS axis shift and rotation.

This was a retrospective analysis of 160 patients.The patients were divided into two groups: normal oxygen saturation(SpO2) (NS; n = 80) and low SpO2(LS;n = 80).They were then divided into NS Rws (n = 37), NS leftward shift (Lws; n = 43), LS Rws (n = 40), and LS Lws (n = 40) according to electrocardiographic follow-up findings. These groups were compared in terms of electrocardiographic rotation (Cwr, counterclockwise rotation, or normal transition), tomographic stage (CO-RADS5(advanced)/CO-RADS1-4), electrocardiographic intervals, and laboratory findings

Read the detailed description

The lung is the most seriously damaged organ in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In patients with advanced lung involvement, the alveoli are filled with fluid, white blood cells, mucus, and damaged lung cell debris [1].

The electrical position of the heart in the frontal plane is defined as normal, right, left, or northwest quadrant axis deviation, while its position in the horizontal plane is defined as clockwise rotation (Cwr), normal transition, or counterclockwise rotation (Ccwr)[2].

As respiratory disease progresses,rightward shift(Rws) of the frontal QRS axis can result from Cwr of the heart around its longitudinal axis as viewed from the apex, sudden increase in pulmonary vascular resistance causing right ventricle dilatation, or both [3].

Electrocardiographic changes should be monitored intermittently, as this disease progresses rapidly to near 50% mortality within 7-28 days [4].The aim of this study was to investigate whether easily detectable electrocardiographic axis and rotation changes could predict advanced lung involvement[4].

Methods Study design Records of 250 hospitalized patients with dyspnea and COVID-19 were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were excluded if they received positive pressurized oxygen therapy(n:25),underwent mechanical ventilation,(n:15)exhibited atrial fibrillation(n:10), conditions precluding the assessment of QRS transitional rotation ;complete bundle branch block(n:10), significant arrhythmias(n:5,complete atrioventricular block(n:2), polymorphic ventricular tachycardia(n:2), and ventricular fibrillation), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome(n:1), supraventricular tachycardia(n:4), or had unclear QRS axis orientation(n:20). The remaining160 patients who had electronic medical records, nursing records,at least three electrocardiographic recordings taken a few days apart, and laboratory and tomographic findings were included in the study.Patients with normal oxygen saturation (SpO2; ≥ 90%) who did not receive oxygen therapy and patients with low SpO2(\<90%) who received nasal oxygen therapy were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: normal SpO2(NS,n = 80) and low SpO2(LS, n = 80).

Electrocardiographic measurements were performed as previously described.The Tpe (T peak to T end) interval was measured from precordial leads [5].The delta corrected QT interval(QTc) calculated as last electrocardiographic QTc minus first electrocardiographic QTc. Discrepancies between computerized electrocardiographic analysis and the mean of three computer-aided measurements(Adobe Photoshop program-300dpi resolution) by a researcher were resolved by consultation with a second researcher.

Using follow-up electrocardiography,according to the direction of QRS axis shift between the first and last electrocardiograms, both groups were divided into two main subgroups:patients with rightward shift (Rws) and patients with leftward shift(Lws) of the QRS axis.The patient numbers were as follows: NS Rws (n=37),NS Lws(n=43),LS Rws (n=40),andLS Lws (n=40). Based on electrocardiographic follow-up analyses,the two main groups were compared in terms of rotation condition (i.e., Cwr, normal transition, or CCwr), electrocardiographic intervals, and laboratory findings

Tomographic findings were evaluated in accordance with COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS)classification.CO-RADS scores are as follows: 1 (very low level of suspicion), 2 (low level of suspicion), 3 (equivocal), 4 (high level of suspicion),and 5 (very high level of suspicion)[6].

03

Conditions studied

  • Covid19

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04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Hospitalized patients with dyspnea and COVID-19

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Hospitalized patients with dyspnea and COVID-19

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients who received positive pressurized oxygen therapy Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation, Atrial fibrillation Complete bundle branch block Significant arrhythmias(complete atrioventricular block, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, supraventricular tachycardia Unclear QRS axis orientation.

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05

Study design

Observational model
Case-only
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrollment
160 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Group1:normal SpO2(NS,n = 80) and low SpO2(LS, n = 80).

    Patients with normal oxygen saturation (SpO2; ≥ 90%) who did not receive oxygen therapy and patients with low SpO2(\<90%) who received nasal oxygen therapy were included in this study

    Diagnostic Test: Electrocardiography ,Tomographic imaging

  • Group2:Rightward axis shift(Rws) and Leftward axis shift (Lws)

    Both groups were divided into two main subgroups:patients with Rws and patients with leftward shift(Lws) of the QRS axis.The patient numbers were as follows: NS Rws (n=37),NS Lws(n=43),LS Rws (n=40),andLS Lws (n=40)

    Diagnostic Test: Electrocardiography ,Tomographic imaging

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testElectrocardiography ,Tomographic imaging

    Based on electrocardiographic follow-up analyses,the two main groups were compared in terms of rotation condition (i.e., Cwr, normal transition, or CCwr), electrocardiographic intervals, and laboratory findings In our study,CO-RADS5 was considered an advanced tomographic finding(e.g., multifocal ground glass opacities with consolidation, vascular thickening,crazy paving pattern,mixed pattern),while CO-RADS1,2,3, and 4 were considered non-advanced tomographic findings.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Differences in the electrocardiographic QRS axis shift(°),

    Differences in the axis shift between the Rws and Lws groups in patients with NS /LS groups.

    Time frame: 10-15 days

  2. Differences in the electrocardiographic rotation

    Differences in clockwise,counterclockwise,normal transition between the groups.

    Time frame: 10-15 days

  3. Differences in the CO-RADS5/CO-RADS1-4 ratio

    Differences in the CO-RADS5/CO-RADS1-4 ratio between the groups.

    Time frame: 10-15 days

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Şahbender Koç
    Ankara, 06530, Turkey
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Koc S, Bozkaya VO, Yikilgan AB. Electrocardiographic QRS axis shift, rotation and COVID-19. Niger J Clin Pract. 2022 Apr;25(4):415-424. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_9_21. PubMed 35439899 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Jul 2020 to primary completion in Oct 2020, 2 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jan 4, 2021
First posted
Jan 6, 2021
StartActual
Jul 22, 2020
Primary completionActual
Oct 15, 2020
CompletionActual
Nov 5, 2020
Last update
Jan 6, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 6, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04698083
Lead sponsor
Ankara Education and Research Hospital
Responsible party
Şahbender Koç (Cardıologist, Ankara Education and Research Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 6, 2021
Start date
Jul 22, 2020
Primary completion
Oct 15, 2020
Completion
Nov 5, 2020
Last update
Jan 6, 2021

Study contacts

Şahbender Koç
principal investigator · University of Health Sciences Ankara Keçiören Education Hospital

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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