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RecruitingNCT04660435TIRESIASUpdated Sep 14, 2026

To Identify Primary Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer

An observational study in Metastatic Breast Cancer, ER Positive Breast Cancer and HER2-negative Breast Cancer, sponsored by Fondazione Sandro Pitigliani. Recruiting at 1 site in Italy. Open to female participants. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-14.

Sponsored by Fondazione Sandro Pitigliani · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Dec 2020; still recruiting 5 years 10 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
150
Sex
Female
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Study summary

This is a multi-center biomarkers study aiming to prospectively collect biological samples from patients with ER+ and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, who are candidate to first-line treatment with an aromatase inhibitor and a CDK4/6 inhibitor as per standard clinical practice.

Blood and tissue samples will be collected for biomarker analysis, including thymidine kinase1 activity, gene expression signatures and circulating tumor DNA.

Read the detailed description

Enrolled patients will receive first-line treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor + AI (anastrozole, letrozole or exemestane) in accordance with local practice. No drugs will be provided by the study Sponsor. Following disease progression on first-line therapy, subsequent, second-line therapy will be administered at physician discretion and as per physician choice.

For all participating patients, serum and plasma samples will be collected at the following time-points:

  • Baseline (\< 2 weeks before treatment)
  • During treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors + AI: at day 15 (+/- 2) of the first cycle, day 1 (+/-2) of cycle 2, day 1 (+/- 2) of the cycle closest to the first trial-mandated tumor evaluation (after 12-18 weeks from study inclusion), day 1 (+/- 2) of cycle 6, and every 6 cycles thereafter
  • At disease progression or permanent discontinuation of CDK4/6 inhibitors + AI (within 35 days from last CDK4/6 inhibitor dosing)
  • During the immediate subsequent treatment (second line) (any type, as per physician choice): at day 1 (+/- 2) of cycle 1 (if > 7 days from last CDK4/6 inhibitors dosing), at day 1 of cycles 3, 6 and every 6 cycles thereafter
  • At disease progression or permanent discontinuation of second line treatment (within 35 days from last dosing)

One sample of whole blood will be collected at baseline.

All blood samples will be taken concomitantly with blood draws for routine clinical practice.

To be eligible for the study, availability of material from one formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor block from a baseline biopsy of a metastatic site taken before starting treatment is mandatory. Although not mandatory for inclusion, material from an archival FFPE tumor block from the primary breast tumor must also be provided, whenever available. Additionally, material from one FFPE tumor block of a tissue biopsy from a metastatic site collected upon disease progression to first-line treatment with CDK4/6 in and AI will be collected whenever possible

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Conditions studied

  • Metastatic Breast Cancer
  • ER Positive Breast Cancer
  • HER2-negative Breast Cancer

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Keywords

  • CDK 4/6 inhibitors
  • Thymidine Kinase
  • Palbociclib
  • Abemaciclib
  • Ribociclib
  • circulating tumour DNA
  • gene expression signatures
  • aromatase inhibitors
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In context

Breast Neoplasms

12,544 studies on the registry are indexed under Breast Neoplasms; 2,892 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 150 is below the median of 184 across 2,642 observational studies indexed under Breast Neoplasms.

Browse Breast Neoplasms studies →

Lead sponsor

Fondazione Sandro Pitigliani is the lead sponsor of 5 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

Pre- and post-menopausal patients with luminal (ER-positive and HER2-negative) MBC who have not received prior systemic therapy for MBC, who are candidate to first-line treatment with an aromatase inhibitor and a CDK4/6i as per standard clinical practice.

Patients must have evaluable disease according to RECIST 1.1 (either measurable or non-measurable). Patients with bone-only disease will be allowed in a specific sub-cohort, which will comprise 10% of the total sample size.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Women aged 18 years or older, with a diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer
  2. ER-positive and HER2-negative disease as assessed locally either on primary tumor tissue or on a biopsy of a metastasis
  3. The patient has not received any prior systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer (may have received prior hormonal therapy or chemotherapy in the neo/adjuvant setting)
  4. The patient is candidate to receive first-line therapy with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) and a CDK4/6 inhibitor per local clinical practice
  5. The patient must have evaluable disease according to RECIST 1.1 (either measurable or non-measurable).

    Note: Patients with bone-only disease will be allowed in a specific sub-cohort, which will comprise 10% of the total sample size.

  6. Hystologic material from one formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor block from a diagnostic core or excisional biopsy of a metastatic lesion, taken before study entry must be provided (patients with bone-only disease will be accepted into the trial without a biopsy of the metastatic site). Hystologic material from an additional biopsy (core or excisional) taken at time of disease progression on the study treatment must also be provided, if clinically feasible. When available, hystologic material from an FFPE tumor block from the primary breast cancer must also be submitted.
  7. The patient agrees to provide blood samples. at the trial specified time points

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Patients with metastatic disease isolated to the central nervous system (CNS) without metastatic involvement of any other site, unless surgical excision of CNS metastasis has been performed and the tumor tissue is available for the study.
  2. Previous or current non-breast malignancies within the last 5 years, with the exception of in situ carcinoma of the cervix and/or adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
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Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
150 participants (estimated)
Target follow-up
5 Years
Patient registry
Yes
Biospecimen retention
Samples with dna

Groups and cohorts

  • Women with ER+/Her2 negative metastatic breast cancer

    Patients with ER+/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer candidate to first-line treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor and an aromatase inhibitor as per standard clinical practice

    Diagnostic Test: Thymidine kinase activity

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testThymidine kinase activity

    DiviTum® assay determines the enzymatic activity of TK in serum samples

    Also known as: Divitum

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Progression free survival

    time from inclusion date to date of first documentation of progression or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first

    Time frame: 5 years

Secondary outcomes

  1. Clinical benefit rate

    Complete Response, Partial Response, or Stable Disease ≥24 weeks

    Time frame: 5 years

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Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
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References and documents

Publications

  • Malorni L, Tyekucheva S, Hilbers FS, Ignatiadis M, Neven P, Colleoni M, Henry S, Ballestrero A, Bonetti A, Jerusalem G, Papadimitriou K, Bernardo A, Seles E, Duhoux FP, MacPherson IR, Thomson A, Davies DM, Bergqvist M, Migliaccio I, Gebhart G, Zoppoli G, Bliss JM, Benelli M, McCartney A, Kammler R, De Swert H, Ruepp B, Fumagalli D, Maibach R, Cameron D, Loi S, Piccart M, Regan MM; International Breast Cancer Study Group; Breast International Group and PYTHIA Collaborators. Serum thymidine kinase activity in patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with palbociclib and fulvestrant. Eur J Cancer. 2022 Mar;164:39-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.12.030. Epub 2022 Feb 13. PubMed 35172272 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 14, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04660435
Lead sponsor
Fondazione Sandro Pitigliani
Collaborators
Clinical Research Technology S.r.l.
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 9, 2020
Start date
Dec 1, 2020
Primary completion
Dec 1, 2029 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 1, 2030 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 14, 2026

Study contacts

Luca Malorni
Contact
luca.malorni@uslcentro.toscana.it
+390574802523
Chiara Biagioni
Contact
chiara.biagioni@uslcentro.toscana.it
+390574802526
Luca Malorni
principal investigator · Azienda USL Toscana Centro - Prato

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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