ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04604015BUBLUpdated Jan 24, 2024Results posted

RoBotic TCD Ultrasound BubbLe Study Compared to Transthoracic Echocardiography for Detection of Right to Left Shunt

An interventional study of NeuralBot Investigational System and Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source, Transient Ischemic Attack and Right-To-Left Atrial Shunt, sponsored by NovaSignal Corp.. Completed at 7 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-01-24.

Sponsored by NovaSignal Corp. · Not applicable, Interventional, and Diagnostic

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
154
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study is a multi-center, prospective, single-arm, non-significant risk (NSR) device study in which up to 150 evaluable subjects with suspicion of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) will be evaluated with NB-IS TCD and standard of care TTE to screen for right to left shunt (RLS) or patent foramen ovale (PFO). Additionally, up to 150 evaluable subjects will be evaluated with NB-IS TCD and standard of care TEE.

Read the detailed description

The objectives of the study is to evaluate the shunt detection rate of the NeuralBot Investigational System (NB-IS) TCD relative to standard of care diagnostic techniques (transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and standard transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and to assess the safety, accuracy and usability of the NB-IS device.

02

Conditions studied

  • Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
  • Transient Ischemic Attack
  • Right-To-Left Atrial Shunt
  • Patent Foramen Ovale
03

In context

Ischemic Attack, Transient

329 studies on the registry are indexed under Ischemic Attack, Transient; 71 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 154 is below the median of 217 across 178 interventional studies indexed under Ischemic Attack, Transient.

Browse Ischemic Attack, Transient studies →

Lead sponsor

NovaSignal Corp. is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Subject 18 years of age and older.
  2. Subject presents with a clinical condition characterized by neurological signs and symptoms that, in the opinion of the investigator, include embolic stroke or (TIA) in the differential diagnosis.
  3. Scheduled for a transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) study with agitated saline contrast (bubble study) per standard of care within ±30 days of .
  4. Subject is able to successfully perform a Valsalva Maneuver (VM).
  5. Subject or Legally Authorized Representative has the ability to provide informed consent and comply with the protocol.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria TTE Main Study:

  1. Subject has undergone a right to left shunt (RLS) or patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure.
  2. Female who is pregnant or lactating at time of admission
  3. Subjects who underwent partial or full craniotomy/craniectomy within the past 6 months.
  4. Subjects who have a physical limitation preventing TCD headset placement

Inclusion Criteria TEE Sub-Study (after first 150 subjects in Main TTE study enrolled):

  1. Subject 18 years of age and older.
  2. Subject presents with a clinical condition characterized by neurological signs and symptoms that, in the opinion of the investigator, include embolic stroke or in the differential diagnosis.
  3. Scheduled for a transesophageal echocardiograph (TEE) study with agitated saline contrast (bubble study) per standard of care within ±30 days of .
  4. Subject is able to successfully perform a Valsalva Maneuver (VM).
  5. Subject or Legally Authorized Representative has the ability to provide informed consent and comply with the protocol.

Exclusion Criteria TEE Sub-Study (after first 150 subjects in Main TTE study enrolled):

  1. Subject has undergone a right to left shunt (RLS) or patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure.
  2. Female who is pregnant or lactating at time of admission
  3. Subjects who underwent partial or full craniotomy/craniectomy within the past 6 months.
  4. Subjects who have a physical limitation preventing TCD headset placement.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

TIA (transient ischaemic attack)

A “mini-stroke”: temporary stroke-like symptoms caused by reduced blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or eye, without signs of a new stroke on a scan.

Stroke symptoms need emergency care at once, even if they go away.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Diagnostic
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Sequential assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
154 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    NeuralBot Investigational System/TTE Std of Care

    Investigational Robotic Transcranial Doppler (TCD)/TTE Std of Care

    Diagnostic Test: NeuralBot Investigational System · Diagnostic Test: Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testNeuralBot Investigational System

    The NeuralBot Investigational System when used with the Lucid M1 System is a medical ultrasound device which assists the user in the setup and acquisition of cerebral blood flow velocity via the patient's temporal windows. It is intended for use as an adjunct to standard clinical practices for measuring and displaying cerebral blood flow velocity and the occurrence of transient emboli within the blood stream.

    Also known as: Lucid Robotic System, NovaGuide, Lucid TCD, NovaBot

  • Diagnostic testTransthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)

    A test that uses ultrasound to create a hemodynamic assessment for major cardiovascular events.

    Also known as: TTE

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Percent Detection of Right to Left Shunt (RLS)/Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Using Robotic Assisted TCD (Study Device)

    The primary outcome measure was the percent detection of Right to Left Shunt using the robotic assisted TCD (study device) and compare it to the percent detection of Right to Left Shunt using standard of care Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) for the same patient cohort. The detection of the Right to Left Shunt included site and independent Core Lab assessment of TTE.

    Time frame: 1 day

07

Results

Posted Jan 24, 2024

Participant flow

A total of 154 subjects were enrolled (signed Informed Consent), 129 evaluable and 121 completed the protocol.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneNeuralBot Investigational System/TTE Std of Care
Started154
Completed121
Not completed33
Withdrew: Incomplete data collection33

Outcome measures

PrimaryPercent Detection of Right to Left Shunt (RLS)/Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Using Robotic Assisted TCD (Study Device)

The primary outcome measure was the percent detection of Right to Left Shunt using the robotic assisted TCD (study device) and compare it to the percent detection of Right to Left Shunt using standard of care Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) for the same patient cohort. The detection of the Right to Left Shunt included site and independent Core Lab assessment of TTE.

Time frame:
1 day
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Percent Detection of Right to Left Shunt (RLS)/Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Using Robotic Assisted TCD (Study Device)
ParticipantsNeuralBot Investigational System/TTE Std of Care
NeuralBot Investigational System — Positive74
NeuralBot Investigational System — Negative47
TTE standard of care — Positive24
TTE standard of care — Negative97
Statistical analysis
  • NeuralBot Investigational System/TTE Std of Care · McNemar · p = <0.001 · Absolute difference: 41 · 95% CI 32.9 to 50.2

Adverse events

Collected over Device related adverse events were collected during the period of device use (1 Day). Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
NeuralBot Investigational System0/121 (0%)0/121 (0%)0/121 (0%)
TTE Std of Care0/121 (0%)0/121 (0%)0/121 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Per Protocol/Completed subjects

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)NeuralBot Investigational System
Mean59.9 ± 14.7
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)NeuralBot Investigational System
Female58
Male63
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)NeuralBot Investigational System
American Indian or Alaska Native0
Asian3
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander0
Black or African American11
White103
More than one race0
Unknown or Not Reported4
Stroke diagnosis
Stroke diagnosis(Participants)NeuralBot Investigational System
Embolic stroke undetermined source68
Transient ischemic attack9
Other (not specificed)44
Absent transtemporal windows7
08

Study locations

7 sites
  • Barrow Neurological Institute
    Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
  • Providence Brain & Spine Institute
    Portland, Oregon 97225, United States
  • Providence St. Vincent Medical Center
    Portland, Oregon 97225, United States
  • CHI Memorial Hospital
    Chattanooga, Tennessee 37404, United States
  • The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
    Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
  • Houston Methodist Neurological Institute
    Houston, Texas 77030, United States
  • Swedish Hospital
    Seattle, Washington 98122, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Rubin MN, Shah R, Devlin T, Youn TS, Waters MF, Volpi JJ, Stayman A, Douville CM, Lowenkopf T, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV. Robot-Assisted Transcranial Doppler Versus Transthoracic Echocardiography for Right to Left Shunt Detection. Stroke. 2023 Nov;54(11):2842-2850. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.043380. Epub 2023 Oct 5. PubMed 37795589 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Oct 2020 to primary completion in Oct 2021, 12 months.

Results were first posted in Jan 2024, 2 years 3 months after primary completion.

Of 71 interventional studies with no phase under Ischemic Attack, Transient, half reached primary completion within 46 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 23 and three quarters within 72. This study's 12 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 22, 2020
First posted
Oct 27, 2020
StartActual
Oct 6, 2020
Primary completionActual
Oct 20, 2021
CompletionActual
Nov 2, 2021
Results first posted
Jan 24, 2024
Last update
Jan 24, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 24, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04604015
Lead sponsor
NovaSignal Corp.
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 27, 2020
Start date
Oct 6, 2020
Primary completion
Oct 20, 2021
Completion
Nov 2, 2021
Results posted
Jan 24, 2024
Last update
Jan 24, 2024

Study contacts

Andrei Alexandrov, MD
study chair · The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Mark Rubin, MD
principal investigator · The University of Tennessee Health Science Center

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Dec 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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