An interventional study of Indigestible fiber (classified) and Placebo in Overweight and Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Dysbiosis, sponsored by Maastricht University Medical Center. Completed at 1 site in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 20 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-12-28.
Sponsored by Maastricht University Medical Center · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem with a wide range of functions, and it is thought that it can influence multiple processes in the human body. In turn, the composition and activity of the gut microbiome is affected by many factors as well.
Antibiotics can be very effective in treating bacterial infections, but they are also associated with detrimental health effects. Previous studies have already shown that antibiotics disturb the human gut microbiome composition by destroying commensal bacteria. As it is well known that the microbiome influences host metabolism, perturbation of the healthy microbiome (dysbiosis) is thought to be disease causing.
Prebiotics, on the other hand, are beneficial for the gut microbiome. These so-called indigestible fibers are naturally present in our foods, but cannot be metabolised by the human body. Many bacteria in the human gut are able to ferment these fibers and they subsequently produce beneficial products for the rest of the body. Besides this, fiber intake stimulates growth of commensal bacteria in the human gut.
Although it has become increasingly clear that prebiotics have a beneficial effect on the gut microbiome and general health, it is still unclear to which extent the beneficial effects of prebiotics supplementation occur after the gut microbiome is disturbed by antibiotics. We hypothesize that prebiotic supplementation after antibiotics use will improve restoration of the gut microbiome to a healthy state compared to placebo.
In this double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study, 40 overweight, but otherwise healthy adults will first receive vancomycin for 7 days (3x 500mg per day) to disturb the gut microbiome. They will then receive either indigestible fiber supplementation (classified) ór a placebo for the following 8 weeks. All study parameters will be assessed in two parallel groups, to which subjects will be assigned using minimization.
After initial screening, participants will be asked to visit the university for a total of 6 times during a period of 11 weeks. A clinical investigation day will take place at baseline, after antibiotics use and after the supplementation period. The remaining 3 visits will be short visits during the supplementation period (week 2, 4 \& 6 of supplementation). Participants will be asked to collect feces every day before the university visits.
During the clinical investigation days, an abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue will be taken under fasting conditions. Participants will also perform a 7-point oral glucose tolerance test to assess their insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, blood samples will be taken in the fasted state to assess markers of fat metabolism, short-chain fatty acids, gut hormones and inflammatory markers. Participants will be asked to hand in collected feces and to fill in questionnaires regarding stool consistency, stool frequency and physical activity. Lastly, they will be asked to hand in filled-in 3-day food diaries.
On the 3 remaining visits during the supplementation period, participants will hand in collected feces and food diaries, and fill in the questionnaires.
For these 6 visits, participants will have to invest approximately 14 hours.
3,767 studies on the registry are indexed under Overweight; 863 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 39 is below the median of 73 across 3,263 interventional studies indexed under Overweight.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Participants will receive an indigestible fiber supplementation (classified) for a period of 8 weeks. Thrice daily, they will take the fiber powder during their meals.
Dietary Supplement: Indigestible fiber (classified)
Participants will receive placebo supplementation (Maltodextrin) for a period of 8 weeks. Thrice daily, they will take the fiber powder during their meals. The amount of maltodextrin taken will be isocaloric with the amount of indigestible fiber.
Dietary Supplement: Placebo
Participants will be asked to ingest 12 grams of indigestible fiber powder per day for a period of 8 weeks. Three times daily, they will take 4 grams of powder with their meal.
Participants will be asked to ingest 6 grams of placebo powder per day for a period of 8 weeks. Three times daily, they will take 2 grams of powder with their meal.
Gut microbiota composition
Fecal samples will be collected at baseline, week 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Microbial DNA will be extracted, and microbiota composition will be analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Gut microbiota composition at week 1 will be compared with baseline to assess the effect of antibiotic use. Microbial composition during the supplementation period (week 3, 5, 7 \& 9) will be compared between the two study arms to assess restorative potential of the indigestible fiber.
Time frame: Change in gut microbiota composition after antibiotic use (week 1) compared to baseline & change in microbial composition during fiber supplementation (week 3, 5, 7 & 9) compared to placebo.
Gut microbiota activity
Fecal samples will be collected at baseline, week 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Microbial proteins will be analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) after extraction. Gut microbiota activity at week 1 will be compared with baseline to assess the effect of antibiotic use. Microbial activity during the supplementation period (week 3, 5, 7 \& 9) will be compared between the two study arms to assess restorative potential of the indigestible fiber.
Time frame: Change in gut microbiota activity after antibiotic use (week 1) compared to baseline & change in microbial activity during fiber supplementation (week 3, 5, 7 & 9) compared to placebo.
Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA)
Fecal samples will be collected at baseline, week 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Fecal SCFA levels will be analyzed using gas-chromatography MS. Fecal SCFA levels at week 1 will be compared with baseline levels to assess the effect of antibiotic use. SCFA levels in feces during the supplementation period (week 3, 5, 7 \& 9) will be compared between the two study arms to assess restorative potential of the indigestible fiber.
Time frame: Change in fecal SCFA levels after antibiotic use (week 1) compared to baseline & change in fecal SCFA levels during fiber supplementation (week 3, 5, 7 & 9) compared to placebo.
Resistome analysis
Fecal samples will be collected at baseline, week 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Microbial DNA will be extracted, and resistome analysis will be performed via qPCR, targeting specific antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Presence of ARG at week 1 will be compared with baseline to assess the effect of antibiotic use. ARG presence during the supplementation period (week 3, 5, 7 \& 9) will be compared between the two study arms to assess the effect of the indigestible fiber.
Time frame: Change in ARG presence after antibiotic use (week 1) compared to baseline & change in ARG presence during fiber supplementation (week 3, 5, 7 & 9) compared to placebo.
Body Mass Index
At the clinical investigation days (baseline, week 1 and week 9), Body Mass Index will be measured.
Time frame: Change in BMI after 1 week of antibiotic use compared to baseline & after 8-week indigestible fiber supplementation compared to placebo.
Insulin sensitivity
At the 3 clinical investigation days, a 7-point oral glucose tolerance test will be performed to assess insulin sensitivity. Glucose and insulin levels in the blood will be measured, and HOMA-IR will be calculated.
Time frame: Change in insulin sensitivity after 1 week of antibiotic use compared to baseline & after 8-week indigestible fiber supplementation compared to placebo.
Plasma markers of fat metabolism
At the 3 clinical investigation days, blood will be drawn in the fasted state to analyze plasma Free Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol levels.
Time frame: Change in markers of fat metabolism after 1 week of antibiotic use compared to baseline & after 8-week indigestible fiber supplementation compared to placebo.
Adipose tissue gene expression
At the 3 clinical investigation days, an abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy will be taken to investigate adipose tissue gene expression. Expression of genes of interest will be analysed using targeted qPCR.
Time frame: Change in adipose tissue gene expression after 1 week of antibiotic use compared to baseline & after 8-week indigestible fiber supplementation compared to placebo.
Adipose tissue protein levels
At the 3 clinical investigation days, an abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy will be taken to investigate adipose tissue protein levels. Proteins of interest will be analysed using Western Blot.
Time frame: Change in adipose tissue protein levels after 1 week of antibiotic use compared to baseline & after 8-week indigestible fiber supplementation compared to placebo.
Plasma short chain fatty acids
At the 3 clinical investigation days, blood will be drawn in the fasted state to analyse levels of the SCFA acetate, butyrate and propionate.
Time frame: Change in plasma SCFA levels after 1 week of antibiotic use compared to baseline & after 8-week indigestible fiber supplementation compared to placebo.
Inflammatory markers
At the 3 clinical investigation days, blood will be drawn in the fasted state to analyse levels of the inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-8, MCP1, TNF-alpha, leptin, adiponectin and LBP.
Time frame: Change in plasma inflammatory marker levels after 1 week of antibiotic use compared to baseline & after 8-week indigestible fiber supplementation compared to placebo.
Gut hormones
At the 3 clinical investigation days, blood will be drawn in the fasted state to analyse levels of the gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY.
Time frame: Change in plasma gut hormone levels after 1 week of antibiotic use compared to baseline & after 8-week indigestible fiber supplementation compared to placebo.
Dietary intake
Participants will be asked to fill in a three-day food diary. These will be used to check dietary intake during the weight management period, versus baseline. This will also serve as a measure of compliance with dietary advice.
Time frame: Comparing dietary intake at week 1, 3, 5, 7 & 9 with baseline.
Physical activity
At all 6 visits, participants will be asked to fill in the SQUASH-questionnaire for physical activity. These will be used to check physical activity.
Time frame: Comparing physical activity at week 1, 3, 5, 7 & 9 with baseline.
Stool consistency
Participants will be asked to fill in the Bristol Stool Chart on the day prior to each of the 6 visits, in order assess stool consistency.
Time frame: Comparing stool consistency at week 1, 3, 5, 7 & 9 with baseline.
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Participants will be asked to fill in the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale on the day prior to each of the 6 visits, in order to assess potential gastrointestinal complaints.
Time frame: Comparing gastrointestinal symptoms at week 1, 3, 5, 7 & 9 with baseline.
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Ran from Nov 2020 to primary completion in Oct 2022, 23 months.
Of 1,356 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Overweight, half reached primary completion within 18 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 8 and three quarters within 38. This study's 23 months is above that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 1,472 studies reached it within 17 months; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 36.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Dec 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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