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CompletedNCT04534985Updated Apr 10, 2023

Time Restricted Feeding in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

An interventional study of Dietary in Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant, sponsored by University of Colorado, Denver. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-04-10.

Sponsored by University of Colorado, Denver · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
29
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The proposed research will determine the feasibility of a time restricted feeding intervention,a fasting regimen that restricts eating to a feeding window (8 hrs/day) for 1 year in adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who are overweight or obese. The study will provide valuable information on the intervention in terms of safety, adherence, acceptability, and tolerability. Last, this pilot trial will provide initial insight into biological changes including abdominal adiposity, changes in kidney growth and function, and markers of biological pathways related to the intervention.

Read the detailed description

Mounting evidence suggests that a metabolic defect exists in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which likely contributes to cystic epithelial proliferation and subsequent cyst growth. There are notable overlapping features and pathways among metabolism, obesity, and/or ADPKD. The investigators recently reported that in the Halt Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease (HALT-PKD) Study A that overweight and obesity are strong independent predictors of more rapid kidney growth. Moving beyond body mass index, the investigators have novel preliminary data using magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from a small number of participants from HALT-PKD Study A that abdominal adiposity is an independent predictor of kidney growth and kidney function decline. Adipocytes do not simply act as a fat reservoir but are active endocrine organs that promote release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and produce adipokines. Numerous signaling pathways promoted by adipocytes are also implicated in cystogenesis. Periods of fasting may counter adiposity-mediated signaling pathways and slow ADPKD progression. Mild-to-moderate food restriction profoundly slows cyst growth and maintains renal function in rodent models of ADPKD, which are characterized by metabolic reprogramming favoring enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Notably, fasting promotes a shift from carbohydrate to fat metabolism, which could suppress cyst growth. The investigators are currently conducting an ongoing behavioral weight loss pilot trial (based on either daily caloric restriction or intermittent fasting) in adults with ADPKD who are overweight/obese. As an alternative to these approaches, time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a novel fasting regimen that restricts eating to a feeding window (typically 8-12 hrs/day). As isocaloric TRF reduces disease progression in a rodent model of ADPKD, including kidney: body weight and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, it may be an alternative and easier to adhere to dietary strategy to slow ADPKD progression. Specific Aim: Determine the feasibility of TRF without energy intake restriction in adults with ADPKD and overweight/obesity. The study will determine adherence to TRF by assessing the percent of participants achieving the goal of eating within an 8-hour TRF window, measured objectively with a photographic food record and verified with continuous glucose monitoring data. The study will also further assess the safety, acceptability, and tolerability of TRF by evaluation of safety labs, adverse events, and quality of life measures, as well as changes in abdominal adiposity and total kidney volume (TKV) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and markers of biological pathways (AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK], mTOR, insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF1]).

02

Conditions studied

  • Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant

Keywords

  • Timed Feeding
  • Kidney Diseases
  • Body Weight
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Aged 18-65 years
  2. ADPKD diagnosis based on the modified Pei-Ravine criteria
  3. BMI 25-45 kg/m\^2
  4. Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m\^2
  5. Access to the internet with video chat capabilities and smartphone
  6. Typical eating duration >12 hrs/day
  7. Not currently participating in another interventional study or weight loss program
  8. Ability to provide informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Diabetes mellitus (diagnosis or fasting glucose >126 mg/dL or Hemoglobin A1C >6.5%)
  2. Current nicotine use or history of use in the past 12 months
  3. Alcohol or substance abuse (self-report or undergoing treatment)
  4. History of hospitalization or major surgery within the last 3 months
  5. Untreated dyslipidemia (low density lipoprotein cholesterol > 190 mg/dL or triglycerides >400 mg/dL)
  6. Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 160 or diastolic blood pressure >100 mm Hg)
  7. Pregnancy, lactation, or unwillingness to use adequate birth control
  8. Cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, significant pulmonary or gastrointestinal disease (described below), cancer (within the last 5 years, except skin cancer or other cancers considered cured with excellent prognosis)
  9. Significant gastrointestinal disorders including: chronic malabsorptive conditions, peptic ulcer disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic diarrhea, or active gallbladder disease
  10. Regular use of prescription or over-the-counter medications that may affect weight, appetite, food intake, or energy metabolism (e.g. appetite suppressants, lithium, stimulants, anti-psychotics, tricyclic antidepressants; study physician will be consulted as needed; antibiotics started during the intervention period are not an exclusion); regular use of obesity pharmacotherapeutic agents within the last 6 month
  11. History of clinically diagnosed eating disorder including anorexia nervosa, bulimia, binge eating disorder. Score >20 on the Eating Attitudes Test (EATS)-2653 will require further assessment by the Study MD to determine if it is appropriate for the subject to participate in the study.
  12. Weight loss >5% in past 3 months for any reason except post-partum weight loss; weight gain >5% in past 3 months requires assessment by PI to determine reason for weight gain and if it is appropriate for the subject to participate in the study.
  13. Untreated hyper- or hyperthyroidism (TSH outside of normal range for laboratory or history of uncontrolled thyroid disorder). History of thyroid disorder or current thyroid disease treated with stable medication regimen for at least 6 months in acceptable.
  14. Current severe depression or history of severe depression within the previous year, based on DSM-IV-TR criteria for Major Depressive Episode. Score > 18 on the Beck Depression Inventory will require further assessment by the Study MD to determine if it is appropriate for the subject to participate in the study.
  15. History of other significant psychiatric illness (e.g. psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, bipolar disorder) which in the opinion of the Study MD would interfere with ability to adhere to dietary interventions.
  16. Inability to cooperate with/clinical contraindication for MRI including severe claustrophobia, implants, devices, or non-removable body piercings
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
29 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Time Restricted Feeding

    Instructed to eat within an 8-hr window, beginning within 3 hrs of waking. In addition, provide current clinical recommendations for the management of ADPKD, as well as chronic kidney disease, including moderate dietary sodium restriction (2.3-3 g), appropriate hydration, protein intake of 0.8/1.0 g/kg ideal body weight, moderate daily phosphate restriction (800 mg), and moderation in caloric intake.

    Behavioral: Dietary

  • Active comparator
    Healthy Eating Advice without Time Restricted Feeding

    Curriculum for the healthy eating control group will emphasize current clinical recommendations for the management of ADPKD, as well as chronic kidney disease, including moderate dietary sodium restriction (2.3-3 g), appropriate hydration, protein intake of 0.8/1.0 g/kg ideal body weight, moderate daily phosphate restriction (800 mg), and moderation in caloric intake.

    Behavioral: Dietary

Interventions

  • BehavioralDietary

    Dietary intake behavioral intervention via time restricted feeding and normal healthy eating recommendations vs. normal healthy eating recommendations without restricted

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Adherence

    Percent adherence to the 8-hr TRF window (during the 7 day recordng period)

    Time frame: 1 year

  2. Feasibility to enroll participants

    Numbers of individuals pre-screened and enrolled

    Time frame: Through study enrollment, an expected duration of 12 months

  3. Feasibility to retain participants

    Numbers of individuals retained

    Time frame: Through study completion, an expected duration of 24 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Safety and tolerability, measured as adverse events

    Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events in each group as evaluated by the Safety Officer

    Time frame: Through study completion, an expected duration of 24 months

  2. Change in Body Weight

    Body weight will be measured at baseline and monthly, using BodyTrace scales for remote, secure transmission of data.

    Time frame: 1 year

  3. Change in Abdominal adiposity

    Abdominal adiposity will be quantified using MRI

    Time frame: 1 year

  4. Change in Body Composition

    Body composition measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

    Time frame: 1 year

  5. Change in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 levels

    Fasting serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) levels will be evaluated in each group

    Time frame: 1 year

  6. Change in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels

    Fasting serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels will be evaluated in each group

    Time frame: 1 year

  7. Change in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) AMPK expression

    Peripheral blood mononuclear cell protein expression of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in each group

    Time frame: 1 year

  8. Change in PBMC S6K expression

    Peripheral blood mononuclear cell protein expression of S6 kinase (S6K) in each group

    Time frame: 1 year

  9. Change in β-hydroxybutyrate levels

    Serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels in each group

    Time frame: 1 year

  10. Change in total kidney volume by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

    Change in total kidney volume by MRI in each group

    Time frame: 1 year

  11. Change in quality of life

    Quality of life (QOL) will be assessed with the RAND 36 Item Health Survey (RAND-36) physical and mental health component summary score

    Time frame: 1 year

  12. Change in mood

    Mood state will be assessed with the Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS-2)

    Time frame: 1 year

  13. Change in pain

    Modified version of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Survey

    Time frame: 1 year

Other outcomes

  1. Change in resting energy expenditure

    Standard indirect calorimetry

    Time frame: 1 year

  2. Change in energy intake

    24-hr dietary recalls will be analyzed using a random day in the 7-day photographic food record/continuous glucose monitoring collection period to evaluate self-reported energy intake

    Time frame: 1 year

  3. Change in macronutrient intake

    24-hr dietary recalls will be analyzed using a random day in the 7-day photographic food record/CGM collection period to evaluate self-reported energy intake

    Time frame: 1 year

  4. Change in self-reported physical activity

    Self-reported physical activity will be quantified using the Stanford Physical Activity Questionnaire

    Time frame: 1 year

06

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus
    Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Data obtained through this study may be provided to qualified researchers with academic interest in ADPKD. Data shared will be coded, with no PHI included. Approval of the request and execution of all applicable agreements (i.e. data use agreement) are prerequisites to the sharing of data with the requesting party.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Icf

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04534985
Lead sponsor
University of Colorado, Denver
Collaborators
PKD Foundation
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Sep 1, 2020
Start date
Feb 9, 2021
Primary completion
Mar 31, 2023
Completion
Mar 31, 2023
Last update
Apr 10, 2023

Study contacts

Kristen Nowak
principal investigator · University of Colorado, Denver

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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