ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04449016Updated Jun 26, 2020

Effect of Ethnicity on Changes in VO2max and Cardiac Output in Response to Short-Term High Intensity Interval Training

An interventional study of High intensity interval training in Improved VO2max and Cardiac Output in Response to Training, sponsored by California State University, San Marcos. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 45 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-06-26.

Sponsored by California State University, San Marcos · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 3 years after the study started (first participant enrolled Jun 2017, registered Jun 2020).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
22
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 45 Years
Sex
Female
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Study summary

The purpose of this study was to determine if ethnicity alters training responsiveness to a low dose of high intensity interval training in inactive women.

Read the detailed description

Prior to the session, women completed a 4-minute warmup at 10 % PPO. Each subject completed 9 sessions of HIIT over a 3-week period which consisted of eight to ten 1-minute bouts of cycling at 85% PPO with 75-second recovery between bouts at 10 % PPO. This protocol is well-tolerated in inactive individuals. Continuously during each session, heart rate was monitored using telemetry. On days 1, 3, 6, and 9 of training, the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) was completed. VO2max and cardiac output max were assessed prior to training, as well as post.

02

Conditions studied

  • Improved VO2max and Cardiac Output in Response to Training

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • HIIT
  • Inactive
  • Women
03

In context

Sedentary Behavior

1,273 studies on the registry are indexed under Sedentary Behavior; 300 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 22 is below the median of 60 across 1,076 interventional studies indexed under Sedentary Behavior.

Browse Sedentary Behavior studies →

Lead sponsor

California State University, San Marcos is the lead sponsor of 9 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 45 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Women
  • Between the age of 18-45
  • Healthy and non-obese ( \< 30 kg/m2)
  • Perform less than 150 minutes per week of exercise in the last 12 months
  • 100% Caucasian or 100% Hispanic

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Injured
  • Obese
  • Active
  • Mixed ethnicity
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Sequential assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
22 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Caucasian

    Participants performed 9 sessions of HIIT over 3 weeks, utilizing progressive overload by increasing the number of bouts by 1 each week. They started with 8 bouts on week 1, 9 bouts on week 2, and 10 bouts on week 3.

    Other: High intensity interval training

  • Experimental
    Hispanic

    Participants performed 9 sessions of HIIT over 3 weeks, utilizing progressive overload by increasing the number of bouts by 1 each week. They started with 8 bouts on week 1, 9 bouts on week 2, and 10 bouts on week 3.

    Other: High intensity interval training

Interventions

  • OtherHigh intensity interval training

    Repeated, brief, and intense exercise bouts separated by active recovery

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in baseline in VO2max at 3 weeks

    Each participant performed VO2max testing on an electronically-braked cycle ergometer using a ramp protocol. During exercise, subjects expired through a plastic mouthpiece and low resistance valve into tubing connected to a mixing chamber. Measures of ventilation and expired fractions of oxygen and carbon dioxide were obtained throughout exercise by a metabolic cart. Gas exchange data including VO2, VCO2, and ventilation were time-averaged every 15 seconds. The test was terminated when the subject's pedal cadence was below 50 rev/min.

    Time frame: 3 weeks

  2. Change in baseline in cardiac output max at 3 weeks

    During the VO2max assessment, participants wore a thoracic impedance device to measure heart rate and stroke volume, calculating their cardiac output.

    Time frame: 3 weeks

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Study locations

1 site
  • California State University San Marcos
    San Marcos, California 92096, United States
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References and documents

Publications

  • Raleigh JP, Giles MD, Scribbans TD, Edgett BA, Sawula LJ, Bonafiglia JT, Graham RB, Gurd BJ. The impact of work-matched interval training on V̇O2peak and V̇O2 kinetics: diminishing returns with increasing intensity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jul;41(7):706-13. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0614. Epub 2016 Feb 29. PubMed 27337599 ↗
  • Astorino TA, White AC, Dalleck LC. Supramaximal testing to confirm attainment of VO2max in sedentary men and women. Int J Sports Med. 2009 Apr;30(4):279-84. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1104588. Epub 2009 Feb 6. PubMed 19199208 ↗
  • Astorino TA, Schubert MM, Palumbo E, Stirling D, McMillan DW, Cooper C, Godinez J, Martinez D, Gallant R. Magnitude and time course of changes in maximal oxygen uptake in response to distinct regimens of chronic interval training in sedentary women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Sep;113(9):2361-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2672-1. Epub 2013 Jun 11. PubMed 23754097 ↗
  • Bowdon M, Marcovitz P, Jain SK, Boura J, Liroff KG, Franklin BA. Exercise Training in "At-Risk" Black and White Women: A Comparative Cohort Analyses. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Jul;50(7):1350-1356. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001580. PubMed 29462100 ↗
  • Gill JM, Celis-Morales CA, Ghouri N. Physical activity, ethnicity and cardio-metabolic health: does one size fit all? Atherosclerosis. 2014 Feb;232(2):319-33. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.039. Epub 2013 Nov 23. PubMed 24468145 ↗
  • Johnson JL, Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Samsa GP, McCartney JS, Houmard JA, Kraus WE. Gender and racial differences in lipoprotein subclass distributions: the STRRIDE study. Atherosclerosis. 2004 Oct;176(2):371-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.05.018. PubMed 15380461 ↗
  • Skinner JS, Jaskolski A, Jaskolska A, Krasnoff J, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Rao DC, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C; HERITAGE Family Study. Age, sex, race, initial fitness, and response to training: the HERITAGE Family Study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 May;90(5):1770-6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1770. PubMed 11299267 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jun 2017 to primary completion in Dec 2019, 30 months.

Of 733 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Sedentary Behavior, half reached primary completion within 14 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 31. This study's 30 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 741 studies reached it within 14 months; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 31.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 24, 2020
First posted
Jun 26, 2020
StartActual
Jun 1, 2017
Primary completionActual
Dec 22, 2019
CompletionActual
Mar 23, 2020
Last update
Jun 26, 2020
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 26, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04449016
Lead sponsor
California State University, San Marcos
Responsible party
Todd A. Astorino Ph.D (PhD, FACSM, California State University, San Marcos) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 26, 2020
Start date
Jun 1, 2017
Primary completion
Dec 22, 2019
Completion
Mar 23, 2020
Last update
Jun 26, 2020

Study contacts

Todd Astorino, PhD
principal investigator · California State University, San Marcos

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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