ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04387318Updated May 31, 2023

Inspiratory Muscle Training and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

An interventional study of Multimodal training and IMT + Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, sponsored by Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Completed at 1 site in Brazil. Open to participants aged 55 Years to 80 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-05-31.

Sponsored by Universidade Federal de Santa Maria · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 7 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Oct 2019, registered May 2020).

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Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
55 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 144 studies in Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive with a site in Brazil — 21 open to participants now, 24 under way, 7 of them phase 3. Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive · Brazil.

Enrollment
73rd of 124
40 · median 59
Started
2019
with 8 others
No phase
64 of 144
6 open now
Registered
107th of 144
by date

Among the 144 studies in Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive with a site in Brazil, this one is the 73rd largest by enrollment of the 124 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 9 that started in 2019, is one of 64 with no phase, and was the 107th registered.

Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

5,521 studies on the registry are indexed under Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; 857 are open to participants now.

Browse Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive studies →

Open to participants now

21 of the 144 studies in Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive with a site in Brazil are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

16 more — sign in →

All 21 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Brazil have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Brazil →

Who these studies take

Of the 557 Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive studies recruiting now, 306 (55%) set no upper age limit and 82 (15%) stop at 75 or younger; 29 take children under 18; 88 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 55 Years to 80 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant current public health problem, characterized by the presence of limited airflow. However, COPD has important manifestations beyond the lungs, the so-called systemic effects. These included dysfunction of peripheral and respiratory muscles. The growing amount of evidence has shown that patients with COPD also present important deficits in postural balance and consequently, increased risk of falling. As an essential part of the management of COPD, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) alleviates dyspnea and fatigue, improves exercise tolerance and health-related quality of life, and reduces hospital admissions and mortality for COPD patients. Exercise is the key component of PR, which is composed of exercise assessment and training therapy. Currently, two modalities of therapy have been suggested as complementary to pulmonary rehabilitation: inspiratory muscular training (IMT) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Based on the premise that peripheral and respiratory muscle dysfunction can negatively impact postural control of patients with COPD, and given the importance of balance as a modifiable risk factor for falls, it is important to investigate whether the use of these therapeutic modalities (IMT and/or NMES) is capable of improving the short-term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation and also promoting improved balance.

03

Conditions studied

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
55 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Clinical diagnosis of , in stages II, III and IV, according to criteria of the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD);
  • Clinically stable, i.e., absence of infections or exacerbations in the last 3 months;
  • Medical team allows patient to exercise
  • Availability of attending the rehabilitation program.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unstable primary pathologies (cardiovascular, renal, metabolic, psychiatric);
  • Hemodynamic instability;
  • Nutritional supplementation on the 4 weeks preceding the study;
  • Severe hearing or visual impairment recorded on patient chart or self-referred;
  • Obesity ( > 30 kg/m2);
  • Neurological or musculoskeletal condition that severely limits mobility and postural control, thus making it impossible to carry out the assessments;
  • Electronic devices, such as heart pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillator;
  • Skin injuries and infection where electrodes would be placed;
  • Prior participation in pulmonary rehabilitation programs 3 months previous to the study;
  • Vertigo;
  • Active smoker and/or alcoholic;
  • Neurological impairment or cerebellar lesions;
  • Deficit in cognitive function;
  • Severe vitamin D deficiency;
  • Physically active.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long-term lung disease that makes it hard to breathe out, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
40 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Multimodal training

    IMT + NMES + Pulmonary Rehabilitation IMT will be performed using a device with linear load pressure (POWERbreathe Medic Plus ®, SP, BR). NMES will be applied using an calibrated electrical stimulator (Neurodyn High Volt, IBRAMED, São Paulo/São Paulo, Brazil). Pulmonary Rehabilitation: The physical training part of pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of aerobic and resistance exercise.

    Device: Multimodal training

  • Experimental
    IMT + Pulmonary Rehabilitation

    IMT will be performed using a device with linear load pressure (POWERbreathe Medic Plus ®, SP, BR). Pulmonary Rehabilitation: The physical training part of pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of aerobic and resistance exercise.

    Device: IMT + Pulmonary Rehabilitation

  • Experimental
    NMES + Pulmonary Rehabilitation

    NMES will be applied using an calibrated electrical stimulator (Neurodyn High Volt, IBRAMED, São Paulo/São Paulo, Brazil). Pulmonary Rehabilitation: The physical training part of pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of aerobic and resistance exercise.

    Device: NMES + Pulmonary Rehabilitation

  • Placebo comparator
    Pulmonary Rehabilitation

    Pulmonary Rehabilitation: The physical training part of pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of aerobic and resistance exercise.

    Device: Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Interventions

  • DeviceMultimodal training

    IMT will be performed using the POWERbreathe® Medic Plus inspiratory training device for five sets of 10 repetitions each, with a one-minute interval between each set. The initial load set will be 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), during the first two weeks to allow for an adjustment period. The IMT wil be performed two times per week for 8 weeks. NMES will be applied using an calibrated electrical stimulator (Neurodyn High Volt, IBRAMED, São Paulo/São Paulo, Brazil). The following parameters will be used: 50 Hz frequency, pulse duration of 400 µs, work cycle of 5 seconds ON and 15 seconds OFF (first month) adjusted for 10 seconds ON and 30 seconds OFF (second month) and maximum intensity tolerated during 2 times per week for 8 weeks. Pulmonary Rehabilitation The pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of aerobic and resistance exercise during 8 weeks.

  • DeviceIMT + Pulmonary Rehabilitation

    IMT will be performed using the POWERbreathe® Medic Plus (POWERbreathe Medic Plus ®, SP, BR) inspiratory training device for five sets of 10 repetitions each, with a one-minute interval between each set. The initial load set will be 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), during the first two weeks to allow for an adjustment period. After that, load increases occurred as follows: 35% of MIP in week 3, 40% of MIP in week 4, 45% of MIP in week 5, 50% of MIP at week 6, 55% of MIP in week 7, and 60% of MIP in weeks 8. Pulmonary Rehabilitation The pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of aerobic and resistance exercise during 8 weeks.

  • DeviceNMES + Pulmonary Rehabilitation

    NMES will be applied using an calibrated electrical stimulator (Neurodyn High Volt, IBRAMED, São Paulo/São Paulo, Brazil). The following parameters will be used: 50 Hz frequency, pulse duration of 400 µs, work cycle of 5 seconds ON and 15 seconds OFF (first month) adjusted for 10 seconds ON and 30 seconds OFF (second month) and maximum intensity tolerated during 2 times per week for 8 weeks. Pulmonary Rehabilitation The pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of aerobic and resistance exercise during 8 weeks.

  • DevicePulmonary Rehabilitation

    Pulmonary Rehabilitation The pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of aerobic and resistance exercise during 8 weeks.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Static postural balance

    Static postural balance will be assessed on a portable force platform (AccuSway Plus, AMTI®, MA, USA) using the center of pressure displacement amplitude in the anteroposterior direction (COP) (cm).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  2. Static postural balance

    Static postural balance will be assessed on a portable force platform (AccuSway Plus, AMTI®, MA, USA) using the area of ellipse (AE) (cm2).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  3. Static postural balance

    Static postural balance will be assessed on a portable force platform (AccuSway Plus, AMTI®, MA, USA) using the velocity of displacement of center of pressure (COPvel) (cm/s).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  4. Static postural balance

    Static postural balance will be assessed on a portable force platform (AccuSway Plus, AMTI®, MA, USA) using the center of area of pressure and area of ellipse (AE) (cm2).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Static postural balance

    Static postural balance (%) will assessed through Foam-Laser dynamic posturography.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  2. Static and dynamic postural balance

    Static and dynamic postural balance will assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (score points). Scores range from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating better balance.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  3. Static and dynamic postural balance

    Static and dynamic postural balance will assessed using the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (score points). The total score of the test (108 points) will be calculated with a percentage score (0-100%) and higher scores indicate better balance performance.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  4. Dynamic postural balance

    Dynamic postural balance will assessed using the Timed Up and Go (seconds). A faster time indicate a better functional performance and a score of ≥12 seconds used as a cut-point.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  5. Balance confidence questionnaire

    Balance confidence questionnaire will measured through the Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale (total score points). The questionnaire contains 16 items scored on a range from 0% to 100% (0 indicating no confidence and 100 indicating full confidence).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  6. Balance confidence questionnaire

    Balance confidence questionnaire will measured through Falls Efficacy Scale-International (total score points). The total score ranges from 16 to 64 points. Higher values indicate less fall-related self-efficacy (and more concern about falling).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  7. Peripheral muscle strength

    Handgrip strength and quadriceps muscle strength will be assessed by dynamometry, respectively, Kgf and Newtons.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  8. Respiratory muscle strength and inspiratory muscle endurance

    Respiratory muscle strength (cmH2O) and inspiratory muscle endurance (cmH2O) will measured through digital pressure manometry and incremental and constant test, respectively

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  9. Quadriceps femoris and diaphragm thickness

    Quadriceps femoris and diaphragm thickness will measured by ultrasonography

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  10. Submaximal level of functional capacity

    Submaximal level of functional capacity will measured by 6-minute walk test

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  11. Health-related quality of life at 8 week

    Health-related quality of life will measured by Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Overall scores range from 0 (no effect on quality of life) to a maximum score of 100 (maximum perceived distress).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  12. Oxidant profile

    The oxidant profile will be assessed by Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate - DCF-DA (picomoles / mL).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  13. Oxidant profile

    The oxidant profile will be assessed by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances -TBARS (nmol de MDA/mL).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  14. Oxidant profile

    The oxidant profile will be assessed by Advanced Oxidation Protein Products - AOPPs (µmol/L).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  15. Oxidant profile

    The oxidant profile will be assessed by Total Oxidant Status - TOS (mmol Trolox Equiv/L).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  16. Antioxidant profile

    The antioxidant profile will be assessed by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power - FRAP- (µmol/L)

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  17. Antioxidant profile

    The antioxidant profile will be assessed by Total Antioxidant Capacity- CAT (mmol Trolox Equiv/L).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  18. Muscle damage

    Muscle damage will assessed through creatine phosphokinase (total CPK) (U/L).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  19. Muscle damage

    Muscle damage will assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (U/L).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  20. Muscle damage

    Muscle damage will assessed through lactate parameter (mg/dL).

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  21. DNA damage

    DNA damage will assessed by means of the Comet and micronucleus assay

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  22. Endothelial function

    Endothelial function will assessed through nitrite/nitrate oxide (NOx) (µmol/L)

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

  23. Peripheral muscle resistance of the lower limbs

    Peripheral muscle resistance of the lower limbs will assessed through 30-second Sit-to-Stand tests (repetitions)

    Time frame: Post-intervention (change after 8 weeks of training)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
    Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul 97105900, Brazil
08

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Oct 2019 to primary completion in Mar 2023, 41 months.

Of 1,095 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, half reached primary completion within 22 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 41. This study's 41 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,182 studies reached it within 22 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 39.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
May 1, 2020
First posted
May 13, 2020
StartActual
Oct 1, 2019
Primary completionActual
Mar 10, 2023
CompletionActual
Mar 10, 2023
Last update
May 31, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 31, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04387318
Lead sponsor
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Responsible party
Isabella Martins de Albuquerque (Principal Investigator, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria) — Principal investigator
First posted
May 13, 2020
Start date
Oct 1, 2019
Primary completion
Mar 10, 2023
Completion
Mar 10, 2023
Last update
May 31, 2023

Study contacts

Isabella Albuquerque, DSc
study chair · Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Tamires dos Santos, MSc
principal investigator · Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Aron Silveira, DSc
study chair · Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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